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The Cloudy and Hazy World Seen by Steve Schneider V. Ramanathan Scripps Institution of Oceanography La Jolla, California Schneider Symposium Boulder, Colo, Aug 25, 2011 Earth Radiation Budget Experiment: { Joined Team in 1975} Originally proposed by Suomi; the Expt awarded to NASA-Langley Ramanathan, Barkstrom and Harrison, Physics Today, 1989 5Wm 2 238 99 341 Ramanathan, Barkstrom and Harrison, Phys Today, 1989 Kim and Ramanathan, 2006 -49 -31 -66 -66 SCHNEIDER, 1972 37 37, SCHNEIDER, 1972 Clouds switch from cooling to warming at high Latitudes in winter SCHNEIDER,1972 SCHNEIDER,1972 Ramanathan et al: 1989; 1995; 2006 The Copenhagen Accord for Limiting Global Warming: Criteria, Constraints and Available Avenues Ramanathan and Xu, Submitted to PNAS, 2010 A Grand Climate Change and Mitigation Experiment Providing Clean Cooking and Lighting Technologies and documenting their impacts on Air pollution, Climate Forcing, Health Exposure Indoors and outdoors V. Ramanathan and the Surya Team November 14 2006 December 21 2001 Deposition of BC on Snow Melting of Glaciers 500,000 deaths from indoor Smoke Intense Atmospheric Solar Heating: Melting of Glaciers; Disruption of Monsoon Millions of Tons of crop damages More than 60% of BC emissions Is from biomass burning Dimming of Surface: Decreasing evaporation; Decreasing Monsoon Rainfall NASA-MODIS Ramanathan 2007 Eliminating Cooking Smoke can have dramatic Impact on Air Pollution & Climate Ramanathan and Carmichael, 2008 2000 to 2005, as is 2000-2005 Without BC from Cooking Simulated Column Black Carbon The Game Changer : Cookstove Climate Mitigation Potential Global (Annual Values): CO2 Released Black Carbon (40 Yr GWP) CO (Ozone Precursor) : 1 B Ton (WB-2011) : 1 B to 4 B Ton CO2 : ?? Regional (S Asia) Fuel wood(344); Crops(76); Dung (75) Tg/Yr Himalayan Glaciers Retreat Monsoon Decrease (7%) Precipitation effncy Crop Damages Water Security : 30% : 60% : ?? : 5 Mt of Rain fed Rice Alone : ????? We need to Reduce CO2 emissions by 20 B Tons/Yr by 2050 to limit warming to 2C. Will Cost $46 Trillion from now to 2050 (IEA) What is Surya: A Climate Change Science, Health & Sustainability Experiment Pilot Phase: 485 households Demonstration Phase: >10000 households EOS-Satellites Indoor and Outdoor BC Surya Observations Rehman et al, ACPD 2011 Normalized Abs Coefft Why the Brown Color? Wavelength (nm) Over S. Asia, the simulated BC is a factor of 3 to 10 Lower Seasonal Variation in BC Concentrations: Comparison with Climate Models Simulated Ganguly et Al, 2010 Simulated Menon et al, 2010 Diurnal variation of seasonal mean BC concentration at SVI_1 village centre (VC). Have Identified the Technology that reduces BC emissions Kar et al, 2011 How Deep Does the Soot aerosols Penetrate? NASA-CALIPSO Data OCT to NOV DEC to FEB March to May Monthly mean LIDAR extinction profiles (532 nm) from CALIPSO for the grid (26–27N and 80–82E) for post-monsoon, dry and pre-monsoon seasons, respectively. SVI_1 is located within this grid. Monitoring Stove BC Emissions Using Mobile Phones Innovations • $500 per unit, ultra low Micro-Pump and Filter power. • Low-tech: works with any camera cellphone. • Real-time reporting. Filter, placed on reference template Picture sent to server Results sent back via SMS 25 mm N Ramanathan, et al, Atm Environment, 2011 25 Indoor and Outdoor BC Surya Observations Rehman et al, ACPD 2011 Normalized Abs Coefft Why the Brown Color? Wavelength (nm) Ground Based Observations Outstanding Problems that are within the scope of Surya Translating Knowledge Into Action C Grand Climate Change Expt Air Pollution & Health Impacts Energy Technologies SURYA Sustainability Science Implementation Diffusion Adoption Wireless data collection on massive scale Humanenvironment Interactions