Download Help:Lesson 20 Print - BYU-I Statistics Text

Help:Lesson 20 Print
From BYUI Statistics Text
The following questions are intended to help you judge your preparation for this exam. Carefully work through the
problems.
These questions are repeated on the preparation quiz for this lesson.
This is not designed to be a comprehensive review. There may be items on the exam that are not covered in this
review. Similarly, there may be items in this review that are not tested on this exam. You are strongly encouraged to
review the readings, homework exercises, and other activities from Units 1-3 as you prepare for the exam. In
particular, you should go over the Review for Exam 1 and the Review for Exam 2. Use the INDEX to review
definitions of important terms.
1 Lesson Summaries
Click on the link at right for a review of the summaries from each lesson.
2 Review Questions
[Show Summaries]
Questions 1 through 5: Decide which hypothesis test to use. Here is a list of hypothesis tests we have studied
so far this semester. For each question identify the one hypothesis test that is most appropriate to the given
situation. You may use a hypothesis test once, more than once, or not at all.
a. One sample z-test
b. One sample t-test
c. Paired-samples t-test
d. Independent sample t-test
e. ANOVA
f. Test of one proportion
g. Test of two proportions
h. Chi-Squared test of independence
1. In an article in the Journal of Small Business Management successful start-up businesses in the United States and
Korea were compared. One set of data compared educational level (high school, undergraduate degree, master’s
degree, doctoral degree) of people who managed successful start-up companies in the United States and Korea.
You want to determine if education level differs between managers of successful start-up companies differs
between these two countries. Which hypothesis test would be most appropriate for this analysis?
2. A human resources manager reported data from a recent involuntary Reduction in Force (RIF) at her company.
You are an attorney and want to determine if age discrimination was a factor (it is illegal to discriminate against
employees because of age). The company reported the number of employees in two groups: 40 years old or
younger, and over 40 years old. They also reported the number of employees in each group who were terminated.
You want to determine if both age groups were treated equally. Which hypothesis test would be most appropriate
for this analysis?
3. A survey was conducted by a group of state lotteries. A random sample of 2406 adults completed the survey. A
total of 248 were classified as “heavy” players. Of these, 152 were male. You want to determine if the proportion
of male “heavy” lottery players is different than the proportion of males in the population, which is 48.5%. Which
hypothesis test would be most appropriate for this analysis?
4. A student project compared the effectiveness of two different combination locks. One of the locks turned
clockwise first and the other lock turned counterclockwise first. They asked 25 students to participate in the study.
Each student was given the combination to each lock and asked to open the locks. The time it took them to open
each lock was recorded. They want to determine if one of the locks is easier to open. Which hypothesis test would
be most appropriate for this analysis?
5. Weight gain during pregnancy of the mother is an important indicator of infant health. A simple random sample of
pregnant women on Egypt, Kenya, and Mexico was used to determine if weight gain during pregnancy differed in
these three countries. Which hypothesis test would be most appropriate for this analysis?
Questions 6 through 9: Decide which confidence interval to use. Here is a list of confidence intervals we have
studied so far this semester. For each question identify the one confidence interval that is most appropriate for the
given situation. You may use a confidence interval once, more than once, or not at all.
a. One sample z-confidence interval
b. One sample t-confidence interval
c. Paired-samples t-confidence interval
d. Independent sample t-confidence interval
e. "+4" confidence interval for one proportion
f. "+4" confidence interval for two proportions
6. A bank employs two appraisers. When approving borrowers for mortgages, it is imperative that the appraisers
value the same types of properties consistently. To make sure this is the case, the bank evaluates six properties that
both appraisers have recently valued. Which confidence interval would be most appropriate for this study?
7. In a Wall Street Journal article on satisfaction with career paths, the percentage of psychology majors reporting
they were “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with their career path was reported. The same data was also reported for
accounting majors. You decide to construct a 95% confidence interval to see if the observed difference is
significant. Which confidence interval would be most appropriate for this study?
8. O’Hare International Airport in Chicago has a reputation for having a large proportion of its flights being late.
You design a study to see if this reputation is deserved. You find that the average on-time rate for all international
airports in the US is 70%. You collect data and determine the on-time rate for O’Hare. You decide to construct a
confidence interval to compare O’Hare’s on-time rate to the national average. Which confidence interval would be
most appropriate for this study?
9. DoubleStuf Oreo cookies are supposed to have twice the filling of regular Oreo cookies. You and some friends
decide you want to know if that is a true assertion by the company who makes them. You take a sample of 55
DoubleStuf Oreo cookies and measure the amount of filling in each one. You need to construct a confidence
interval to estimate the true mean filling amount of DoubleStuf Oreos in order to compare it to the filling amount
found in regular Oreos. Which confidence interval would be most appropriate for this study?
10. Which one of the following best defines the notion of the significance level of a hypothesis test?
a. The probability of rejecting H o , whether it's true or not
b. The probability of observing a sample statistic more extreme than the one actually obtained, assuming the
null hypothesis is true
c. The probability of the type I error
d. The probability of the type II error
11. Which one of the following best defines the notion of the P -value of a hypothesis test?
a. The probability of rejecting H o , whether it's true or not
b. The probability of observing a sample statistic more extreme than the one actually obtained, assuming the
null hypothesis is true
c. The probability of the type I error
d. The probability of the type II error
12. Suppose you create a 95% confidence interval for a mean, and get (10, 20). You've been told to report this by
saying something similar to, “We are 95% confident that the true mean is between 10 and 20." Exactly what does
this mean?
a. 95% of the data are between 10 and 20.
b. 95% of the sample means are between 10 and 20.
c. There is a 95% chance that the true mean is between 10 and 20.
d. 95% of all 95% confidence intervals actually contain the true mean.
Questions 13 through 15: Use the following information. You take a simple random sample of 100 adults from
a town in the Western United States to determine the proportion of adults in the town who invest in the stock
market. Assume the unknown population proportion or percentage of people in town who invest in the stock
market is p = 0.30 (or 30%).
13. What is the mean of the distribution of the sample proportions?
a. 30
b. 70
c. 0.70
d. 0.30
14. What is the standard deviation of the distribution of the sample proportions?
a. 0.004
b. 0.046
c. 0.458
d. 4.583
15. What is the probability that your random sample of 100 adults will have a sample proportion less that 0.25?
a. 0.138
b. 0.124
c. 0.876
d. 0.862
Questions 16 through 20: Use the following information. Accupril is meant to control hypertension. In clinical
trials of Accupril, 2142 subjects were divided into two groups. The 1563 subjects in the experimental group
received Accupril. The 579 subjects in the control group received a placebo. Of the 1563 in the experimental
group, 61 experienced dizziness as a side effect. Of the 579 subjects in the control group, 15 experienced dizziness
as a side effect.
16. Let p1 be the true proportion of people who experience dizziness while taking Accupril. Let p2 be the true
proportion of people who experience dizziness but do not take Accupril. Create a 95% confidence interval for
p1 − p2 .
a. (0.006, 0.092)
b. (-0.06, 0.92)
c. (-0.004, 0.029)
d. (-0.04, 0.29)
Perform a hypothesis test to see if the proportion of experimental group subjects who experience dizziness is
different than the proportion of control group subjects who do. Let p1 be the true proportion of people who
experience dizziness while taking Accupril. Let p2 be the true proportion of people who experience dizziness but
do not take Accupril. Use a level of significance of α = 0.05.
17. Which of the following pairs of hypotheses is the most appropriate for addressing this question?
a. H o
b. H o
c. H o
:
p1 = p2 H a :
p1 < p2
:
p1 = p2 H a :
p1 ≠ p2
:
p1 = p2 H a :
p1 > p2
Ho :
1
<
2
Ha :
1
=
2
d. H o :
e. H o :
f. H o :
p
< p
2
Ha :
p
= p
p
≠ p
2
Ha :
p
= p
1
1
p1 > p2 H a :
1
1
2
2
p1 = p2
18. The value of your test statistic is:
a. -1.361
b. 0.897
c. 1.923
d. 1.458
19. The P -value of your test is:
a. 0.045
b. 0.014
c. 0.072
d. 0.145
20. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that the true proportion of people who experience dizziness while taking
Accupril is different than the true proportion of people who experience dizziness while not taking Accupril?
a. Yes. I rejected H o .
b. Yes. I failed to reject H o .
c. Yes. I accepted H a .
d. No. I rejected H o .
e. No. I failed to reject H o .
f. No. I failed to accept H a .
Questions 21 through 24: Use the following information and table.
A survey was conducted of 1279 randomly selected adults aged 18 and older. They were asked “Are you a
morning person or a night person?”
The hypotheses for this study are:
Ho :
Being a morning or evening person is independent of age
Ha :
Being a morning or evening person is not independent of age
The results of the survey are given here:
Preference
Morning Person
Age
18-29 30-49 50-64 65+
97
177
210
210
Evening Person 131 167
200
190
Conduct a test of independence. Use a level of significance of α
= 0.05
21. Calculate the test statistic for this hypothesis test. Assume the requirements for the test are satisfied.
a. 6.580
b. 0.658
c. 9.760
d. 0.097
22. Calculate the P -value for this hypothesis test. Assume the requirements for the test are satisfied.
a. 8.660
b. 0.009
c. 0.866
d. 0.087
23. Should you reject H o or not? Explain.
a. Yes. The P -value is less than 0.05.
b. Yes. The P -value is greater than 0.05.
c. Yes. Looking at the data we can see that the age is a factor in determining if you are a morning or a night
person.
d. No. The P -value is less than 0.05.
e. No. The P -value is greater than 0.05.
f. No. Young people are more likely to be a night person.
24. Do you have sufficient evidence to conclude that age makes a difference in whether a person is a morning or
night person? Why or why not?
a. Yes. The table makes this clear.
b. Yes. I rejected H o .
c. Yes. I failed to reject H o .
d. No. The difference in the data in the table is entirely due to chance.
e. No. I rejected H o .
f. No. I failed to reject H o .
Questions 25 and 31: Use the following information to answer each question. A recent book noted that only
20% of all investment managers outperform the Dow Jones Industrial Average over a five-year period. A random
sample of 200 investment managers that had graduated from one of the top ten business programs in the country
were followed over a five-year period. Fifty of these outperformed the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Let p be the
true proportion of investment managers who graduated from one of the top ten business programs who
outperformed the Dow Jones over a five-year period.
25. Based on the results of the sample, a 95% confidence interval for p is:
a. (1.95, 3.15)
b. (0.0195, 0 .0315)
c. (0.195, 0.315)
d. (0.028, 0.031)
e. We can assert that p = 0.20 with 100% confidence, because only 20% of investment managers
outperform the standard indexes.
26. Suppose you had been in charge of designing the study. What sample size would be needed to construct a
∗
margin of error of 2% with 95% confidence? Use the prior estimate of p = 0.2 for this estimate.
a. n
b. n
c. n
d. n
e. n
= 2401
= 1537
= 16
= 1801
> 30
Suppose you wish to see if there is evidence that graduates of one of the top ten business programs performs better
than other investment managers. Conduct a hypothesis test. Use a level of significance of α = 0.05.
27. Which of the following pairs of hypotheses is the most appropriate for addressing this question?
a. H o :
b. H o :
c. H o :
d. H o :
e. H o :
f. H o :
p = 0.2 H a :
p < 0.2
p = 0.2 H a :
p ≠ 0.2
p = 0.2 H a :
p > 0.2
p < 0.2 H a :
p = 0.2
p ≠ 0.2 H a :
p = 0.2
p > 0.2 H a :
p = 0.2
^ is normally distributed?
28. How many measurements must you have in order to assure that p
a. n ≥ 30
b. n ≥ 5
c. np ≥ 10 and n(1 − p) ≥ 10
d. np ≥ 5 and n(1 − p) ≥ 5
29. The value of your test statistic is:
a. 1.768
b. 0.039
c. 1.923
d. 0.077
30. The P -value of your test is:
a. 1.768
b. 0.039
c. 1.923
d. 0.077
31. Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that graduates from the top ten business programs perform better than
other investment managers?
a. Yes. I rejected H o .
b. Yes. I failed to reject H o .
c. Yes. I accepted H a .
d. No. I rejected H o .
e. No. I failed to reject H o .
f. No. I failed to accept H a .
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