Download Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a set of symptoms caused by changes in blood supply to
brain tissue. The area of the brain most commonly affected is the back of the brain known as the parietal-occipital
region. Although there are differing theories as to the exact changes that take place in the brain, the result of the
altered blood supply is edema (swelling) of the brain tissue in that region.
CAUSES OF PRES
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome may occur due to a number of causes such as very high blood pressure
that comes on suddenly and quickly, impaired renal function, pregnancy, immunosuppressive therapies and various
inflammatory conditions.
Symptoms AND DIAGNOSIS of PRES
Typical symptoms of PRES include headache, nausea, vomiting, confusion, seizures, and changes in or loss of vision.
The diagnosis of PRES is usually based on the unique set of symptoms, presence of certain risk factors, along with the
evidence of cerebral edema seen on CT and MRI scans. Cerebral angiography (images of the blood vessels in and
around the brain) may also be used.
TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS
The treatment of PRES depends on the underlying cause. For example, if the main problem is high blood pressure,
blood pressure control will decrease the symptoms. If the likely cause is medication, the withdrawal of the drug in
question is needed.
Usually PRES is a reversible phenomenon, as indicated by the name. Many cases resolve within 1–2 weeks of
controlling the blood pressure and eliminating the predisposing factor. However, long-lasting or even permanent
neurologic dysfunction may remain if it is not recognized early and treated appropriately.