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TREE IDENTIFICATION Key Terms • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Alternate Angiosperm Class Compound leaf Conifer Cultivar Deciduous Dicotyledon Division Entire Family Foliage Forma Genus • Gymnosperm • Hybrid • Identification key • Kingdom • Leaf apex • Leaf base • Leaf margin • Monocotyledon • Morphology • Nomenculture • Opposite • Order • Pamate • • • • • • • • • • Phylum Pinnate Serrate Simple leaf Species Specific epithet Subspecies Taxonomy Variety Vascular plant TREE ID • Arborist use all tree parts to identify trees Plant Classification • Taxonomy – Kingdom = Plant – Phylum = Vascular Plants (xylem and phloem) – Class = Angiosperm or Gymnosperm – Order – Family – Genus – Species Gymnosperms • Naked Seed • Ginkgos • Conifers (cone bearing plants) Angiosperm • Seeds covered by an ovary (fruit) – Flowering plants including most deciduous trees and broadleaf evergreens Classes • Dicots – Most trees except conifers, banana and palms • Monocots – Grasses, lilies, orchids and palms Angiosperm Angiosperm • Monocot – Palms and Ginkgo – No vascular cambium • Dicot – Most trees except conifers, banana and palms – Vascular cambium Plant Classification • Taxonomy – Kingdom = Plant – Phylum = Vascular Plants (xylem and phloem) – Class = Angiosperm or Gymnosperm – Order – Family – Genus – Species Family • Plants in same family have similar characteristics – Fruit and Flower – Honey locust and Redbuds = Fabaceae family (legumes) REDBUD – Cersis spp. THORNLESS HONEYLUCUST – Gleitsia spp. REDBUD – Cersis spp. Genus • Closely related plants • Similar characteristics in reproductive structures Species • Genus + specific epithet = Species Live oak Genus = Quercus Specific epithet = virginiana Species = Quercus virginianan Plant Nomenclature • Naming of plants • Common names • Get used to using botanical names Plant Nomenclature • Carpinus caroliniana – American hornbeam – Ironwood – Musclewood – Blue beech Plant Nomenclature • Tulip tree – Magnolia x soulangiana – Spathodea campanulata – Liriodendron tulipifera Spathodea campanulata – African Tulip Tree Basic ID Principles • Leaf type and characteristics – Simple v. compound – Palmate, Pinnate, Bipinnate – Lobed – Serrate – Entire – Smooth – Opposite, alternate, whorled Basic ID Principles Basic ID Principles Basic ID Principles Palms • • • • Monocot Sago Palm not a palm Compound leaves (fronds) Palmate or pinnate Palms Palmate Pinnate Palms Palmate Pinnate Using a Key
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