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Introduction to Biotechnology Beginning Biotech Part one What is Biotechnology? bio = life technos = tools ology = study of The study of living organisms and their parts for use as tools. What is Biotechnology? •Biotechnology is the study and manipulation of living things or their component molecules, cells, tissues, or organs. NOTE: it’s not just DNA and it’s been around a really, really long time! Biotechnology—FOOD • • • • • yogurt cheese bread wine beer Biotechnology—FOOD CHEESE!!! Living organism/part? enzyme from calf stomachs What IS an enzyme? A type of protein that enables or speeds up a chemical reaction It’s not just for headwear anymore!!! Biotechnology—FOOD YOGURT!! Living organism/part? bacteria Process? Cellular respiration Product? Lactic acid Biotechnology—FOOD BREAD, BEER, WINE!! Living organism/part? yeast Process? Cellular respiration Product? Alcohol & CO2 Traditional Agriculture • ALL of today’s crops, livestock, and pets came from wild ancestors that were selectively bred for particular traits Modern Agriculture Using selected genes from a wide variety of organisms, crops and livestock can be genetically modified for • • • • Golden rice Increased yield Increased nutrition Decreased use of fertilizers and pesticides Increased disease/pest resistance Papaya infected with ringspot fungus (left), virus-resistant (right) Genetic Testing Determine your DNA sequence to predict genetic traits you might possess or pass to your children. Gene Therapy • Changing your genes to eliminate a genetic disorder Pharmacogenomics • Prescribing medication based on your DNA sequence (personalized medicine) Drug Production and Discovery • Genetically-engineered bacteria produce human insulin • Enzyme produced to treat the symptoms of cystic fibrosis Bioremediation • Using living organisms to remove toxins from soil, to clean up oil spills, etc. Biofuels • Using living organisms to produce ethanol, hydrogen, etc. for use as fuels Feedstocks • Using living organisms instead of petroleum to create plastics and other chemicals = bio-derived chemicals
