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Building Systems by Stora Enso 3–8 Storey Modular Element Buildings Table of contents 1 Introduction and disclaimer.......................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 4 1.2 Thebenefitsofthesystem .................................................................................................. 5 1.3 Disclaimer ........................................................................................................................... 5 2 AnatomyoftheStoraEnsomodularbuildingsystem .................................................................. 6 2.1 Anatomyofamodularbuilding ........................................................................................... 7 2.2 Anatomyofamodularelement ........................................................................................... 8 2.3 Elementsystemsinthefieldofconstructiontechnologies ................................................ 9 6.4.3 Managementoftheindoorconditions................................................................... 89 6.4.4 Inspectionstobemadebeforeinstallationoffinishes .......................................... 89 7 Sustainability .............................................................................................................................. 90 7.1 StoraEnsobuildingsolutionsforsustainablehomes ...................................................... 91 7.1.1 Responsiblysourcedrenewablewoodforlowcarbonbuildingsolutions............ 91 7.1.2 Energyefficientandlowcarbonhomes ................................................................ 92 7.2 Occupanthealthandwellbeing–Indoorclimateandthermalcomfort ........................... 92 7.3 ElementsoflifecycledesigninCLTandLVL9basedbuildings ........................................ 93 7.4 Certificationofsustainableandlowcarbonhomes ......................................................... 93 3 Architecturaldesignguidelines .................................................................................................. 10 8 4 BuildingSystembyStoraEnso ...................................................................................................17 4.1 Structuralcomponentsofthemodularsystem ................................................................ 18 4.2 Manufacturingprocessofthemodularelements ............................................................ 19 4.3 Principlesofbuildingacoustics ........................................................................................ 20 4.4 Principlesoffiredesign .................................................................................................... 21 4.5 Principlesofcontrollingdeformationsandcracking........................................................ 23 4.6 PrinciplesofHVACdesign ................................................................................................ 25 4.7 Bracingsystemsofmodularbuildings ............................................................................. 26 4.8 Principlesofseismicsafety .............................................................................................. 27 4.9 Erection procedure sequence .......................................................................................... 28 5 Structuraldesign ........................................................................................................................ 29 5.1. Structuraltypes ................................................................................................................ 30 5.2. Structural details............................................................................................................... 51 6 Transportationandinstructionsforon-siteassembly ............................................................... 86 6.1 Transportationofmodularelements ................................................................................ 87 6.2 Principlesoferection ........................................................................................................ 87 6.2.1 General .................................................................................................................. 87 6.2.2Installationofmodularelements ........................................................................... 87 6.3 Protectionon-site ............................................................................................................. 87 6.3.1 Moisture control ..................................................................................................... 87 6.3.2Personsinchargeofthemoisturecontrol ............................................................. 87 6.3.3 Moisturecontrolplanandemployeeengagement ................................................ 87 6.3.4 Assuranceofmoisturetechnicalqualityincaseofmoisturedamage .................. 88 6.4 Protectionofstructuresandmaterialon-site ................................................................... 88 6.4.1 Protectionofwallsinmodularelements ................................................................ 88 6.4.2 Protectionofroofsinmodularelements ............................................................... 88 2 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS Stora Enso .................................................................................................................................. 94 1 Introduction and disclaimer 3 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS 1.1 Introduction ThismanualdescribestheStoraEnsomodularelementsystemforwoodenmulti-storey residentialbuildings.Itisintendedfordesigners,contractors,buildingownersand developers. ThecoreofthesystemareStoraEnso’sstructuralwallpanelsandfloorslabs,whichform thestrongandstableload-bearingstructureofeachmodularelement.Theelementsare builtincontrolledfactoryconditionsanddeliveredtothesitewithallfinishingmaterials andcomponentsinstalled.Thetechnologyprovideshightechnicalperformanceand outstandingquality.Theseelementsenableanindustrialmethodofconstructionthat reducesassemblytimeonsiteandminimizestheneedforfinishingworkonsite. Thebuildingsystemisflexibleandcanbeadjustedtovariousmarketandcustomer requirementsdependingonlocalneeds.Adjustmentsmightinclude: Architectural considerations • Typologyandscaleofthebuilding • Unitandroomlayouts • Customerdemandsorlocalmarketfactors Engineeringconsiderations • Localperformancerequirements(acoustics,fireprotection,thermalinsulation,etc.) • Localcoderequirements(definedbyrelevantbuildingauthorities) • Levelofpre-fabrication(interiorsandfaçades) ThismanualoffersagoodoverviewofcommonEuropeanstructuresandbuildingtypes, butitshouldalsoprovideinspirationfornewideasandexperiments. Detaileddesigninstructionsandstructuraldrawingscanbedownloadedfromtheweb pagesofStoraEnsoBuildingSolutions. 4 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS 1.2 Thebenefitsofthesystem 1.3 Disclaimer Thesystemoffersbenefitsforallpartiesinbuildingprocess. Themanualismeantforpreliminarydesignofbuildingsandstructures. Forarchitects,itprovides • Systemsandmaterialsthatenablehighindustrialqualityofexteriorand interior architecture • Asystemofassemblythatallowsproducts,structuresandshapestobe easilycombined • Safesolutionsandproventechnologiestofulfiltherequirementsof buildingauthorities • Aclearframeworkforthedevelopmentofthebuildingdesign Useofthestructuralsolutions[andreferencevalues]shownheredoesnot replacetheneedforfinaldesignandcalculationsbyresponsibledesigners(includingbutnotlimitedtostructural,acoustic,fireorbuildingphysics experts).Allsolutionsanddetailsusedinconstructionmustbereviewed, verifiedandapprovedbytheresponsibledesignersoftheproject.Conformancewithlocalbuildingregulationsmustbeconfirmedbytheresponsibledesigners.Designdetailsaresubjecttochange. Forengineersitprovides • Aneasy,safeanddependablesystemfordesign • Proven structural details • Clearlydefinedperformancevaluesforstructures • Aclearsystemandguidelinesforbracingthebuilding • Qualitysupportmaterialsanddesigntools • Structuraldetailsavailablefordownload • Amanualandsoftwareforstructuralcalculations Forcontractorsandindustryitprovides • Safesolutions:testedandproveninstructionsforthewholebuildingprocess • Fastassemblytimes • Aprovenstructuralsystem • Readysolutions–easycostanddesignmanagement • Industrialcomponentswithfactoryprecision–lessfinishingworkonsite • Nodryingorcuringtimes • Lightweightstructuresthatreduceoreliminatetheneedforheavyliftingequipment Forownersandoccupantsitprovides • Costefficiency • Moderndesignwithvisiblewoodeninteriorsurfaces(inaccordancewith localfirerequirements) • Healthylivingwithnaturalmaterials • Energyefficiency–lowheatingandcoolingcostsforthewholebuilding • Ecologicalbenefits;lowenergyconsumptionandalowercarbonfootprint • Technicallysafeanddurablesolutions For developers it provides • Ashortconstructionphase–lesstimetowaitoninvestmentreturns • Anattractiveproductformodernandenvironmentallyconsciouscustomers • Asystemthatcanbecustomizedforvaryingappearances,buildingtypesandsizes • Industrialquality–allcriticalphaseshavebeenbuiltincontrolledcircumstances • Anattractiveobjectofinvestmentforenvironmentallyconsciouspersons 5 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS StoraEnsodoesnotgiveanywarrantiesorundertakingsabouttheaccuracy,validity,timelinessorcompletenessofanyinformationordatainthis manualandexpresslydisclaimsanywarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitness forparticularpurpose.InnoeventwillStoraEnsobeliableforanydirect, special,indirect,consequentialincidentaldamagesordamagesofanykind causedbytheuseofthismanual. ManualCopyright©StoraEnso. 2 Anatomy of the Stora Enso modular building system 6 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS 2.1 Anatomyofamodularbuilding • Readymodulesandoptimizeddetails—fasterectiontime • Stiffandrigidcentralcore • Thesystemcanbelocalizedtomeetlocalbuildingtraditionandrequirements • Firesafetywithmassivewoodandfireprotectivesurfacelayers • Acousticperformancewithengineeredstructuraldetailsandacousticlayers Roof • prefabricatedelements/constructedonsite Room modules • prefabricated Technical modules • prefabricated Elevatorshaft • massivewood • notelocalfireregulations Centralcorridor(assembledonsite) • massivewoodslabs,beamsandstairways Façade • assembledinfactoryoronsite • differentfaçadematerialsarepossible HVACinstallations/Verticalshafts • assembled on site Additionalelements(balconyzone) • prefabricatedelements • technicallypossibletousedifferentbalconytypes • railings/glazing Surfacestructures • finishedonsiteaftertechnicalinstallations Additional elements • façadepanels Concretegroundfloor/Basement/Foundation • commercial/multipurposespaces • storages/technicalrooms • constructed on site 7 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS 2.2 Anatomyofamodularelement • Prefabricatedinfactoryconditions • Readysurfaces,technicalinstallationsandfixedfurniture • Basicmodules: • roommodule(livingroom,bedroom,diningroom,workspace) • technicalmodule(kitchen,bathroom,toilet) • Firesafetywithmassivewoodandfireprotectivesurfacelayers • Acousticperformancewithengineered structuraldetailsandacousticlayers A MODULE VARIATION: A REPETITION: 1 x A...n X A A+B Completed modular element Moduleroofslab(CLT) Surfacestructure(wall) • notelocalbuildingregulations Non-load-bearingpartitionwalls MAXIMAL REPETITION MINIMAL VARIATION OF ELEMENTS SIMPLICITY OPTIMAL VARIATIO MODULES - BENEFITS I - MORE QUALITY IN Load-bearingwallpanels(CLT) • highload-bearingcapacity Surfacestructure(floor) HVACinstallations,cover Fixedfurniture TYPICAL EXAMPLES: -HOTELS -SMALL APARTMENT HOUSING -STUDENT HOUSING TYPI -NOR Doors,windows Insulation Façade • installedinfactory/onsite • freechoiceofmaterials(notelocalbuildingregulations) SE 8 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS 2.3 Elementsystemsinthefield ofconstructiontechnologies BUILDING ON SITE ELEMENT MODULAR ELEMENT Buildingcomponents Prefabrication Dimensions Complexity Construction Buildingproducts Lowgradeofprefabrication Nolimitationsinsize Demandingandunique shapes Longconstructionphase Factoryfinished2dsurfaces Highgradeofprefabrication Widerangeofpossible dimensions Repetitionofpanelsand slabs Shorter construction phase Factoryfinished3delements Extremelyhighgradeof prefabrication Limited dimensions Repetitionofmodularunits Shortest construction phase Goodload-bearingcapacity • Even8to10storeys possible Stabile and clear structure • Easyliftingtechnology • Easyandsecure connections Tightandmassive • Hightechnical performance Benefitsofmassivewoodstructure 9 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS Cross-layerstructure • Easytomake openings 3 Architectural design guidelines 10 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS MODULAR SYSTEM POSSIBILITIES AND BENEFITS OF THE SYSTEM RELATED TO REPETITION AND VARIATION Modularsystem Possibilitiesandbenefitsofthesystemrelatedtorepetitionandvariation AA MODULE VARIATION: MODULE VARIATION: A A Modulevariation:A REPETITION: 1 REPETITION: 1 xx A...n A...n X XA A Repetition:1×A…n×A + BB AA + AA+B+C +B+C A + BA+B+C+D+E+F+G +C+D+E+F +G ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP… ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP... MODULE VARIATION: MODULE Modulevariation: VARIATION: A-B-C-D-E-F-G... A-B-C-D-E-F-G... REPETITION: -A–B–C–D–E–F–G… REPETITION: Repetition:– MAXIMAL REPETITION MAXIMAL REPETITION Maximalrepetitionwith MINIMAL VARIATION minimalvariationof MINIMAL VARIATION OF OF ELEMENTS ELEMENTS SIMPLICITY modular elements SIMPLICITY Typicalexamples: • hotels • smallapartmenthousing • studenthousing TYPICAL EXAMPLES: TYPICAL EXAMPLES: • elderlyhomes -HOTELS -HOTELS -SMALL -SMALL APARTMENT APARTMENT HOUSING HOUSING -STUDENT -STUDENT HOUSING HOUSING 11 OPTIMAL OF ELEMENTS OPTIMAL VARIATION VARIATION OFvariation ELEMENTS AND REPETITION REPETITION OF OF Optimal and AND MODULES DEFINED repetitionofmodular MODULES DEFINED BY BY PROJECT PROJECT DESIGN DESIGN elementsdefinedby -- BENEFITS IN BENEFITSprojectdesign IN BETTER BETTER PROJECT PROJECT ECONOMICS ECONOMICS -- MORE MORE QUALITY QUALITY IN IN ARCHITECTURE ARCHITECTURE // APARTMENT APARTMENT LAYOUT LAYOUT Benefitsinprojecteconomics andarchitecturalquality TYPICAL TYPICAL EXAMPLES: EXAMPLES: Typicalexamples: -NORMAL MULTI -NORMAL MULTI STOREY STOREY HOUSING HOUSING • normalmulti-storeyhousing B U I L D I N G S Y S T E M S B Y S T O R A E N S O | 3 – 8 S T O R E Y M O D U L A R E L E M E N T B U I LSE D I NDESIGN GS MANUAL UNLIMITED VARIATION UNLIMITED VARIATION OF OF ELEMENTS ELEMENTS Unlimitedvariationof MINIMAL REPETITION modularelementswith MINIMAL REPETITION COMPLEXITY minimal repetition COMPLEXITY Typicalexamples: • exclusivehousing • specialprojects TYPICAL TYPICAL EXAMPLES: EXAMPLES: -EXCLUSIVE -EXCLUSIVE HOUSING HOUSING -SPECIAL -SPECIAL PROJECTS PROJECTS ARCH DESIGN GUIDELINE / SKETCH 18.1.2016 ThefollowingguidelinesaremeanttohelparchitectsapplytheStoraEnso systemtotheparticularneedsofvarioustypesofmulti-storeyhousing.These basicprinciplesmaybeappliedinanyorderaccordingtotheparticularneeds oftheproject.However,distributionofmodularroomandtechnicalelements shouldbeconsideredandappliedinearlystageofdesign. Definetheurbanscale Definethebuildingtypology Footprint,UnitDistributionandVerticalCirculation Thefootprintofthebuildingaswellasthedistributionoflivingunits,shapeand positionoftheverticalaccesscoreformthebasicparametersofthebuilding structure.Asymmetricallayoutwithacentralcorewilloptimizetheload-bearing structuresandshearwalls,improvingtheeconomicsoftheproject. MassingStrategyandBuildingVolume Inthepreliminarydesignphases,theurbanscaleandmassoftheprojectare defined.Thesizeofthevolumesmayvaryfromlargeurbanblockstosmaller apartmenthouses.Dependingontheparticularsiteandsurroundings,the architectcanconsiderandproposevaryingtypologiesforthewholeprojector forspecificbuildings. Variationsinbuildingfootprintandlocation oftheverticalaccesscore Variationsinunittypesandmoduledistribution Casestudyexample: Centralcorridorblockwithsixunitsperfloor Casestudyexample: 8-storeycentralcorridorblock 12 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS Structuralprinciplesandbearingelements Modularelements(factorymade) ModularElements,ShearWallsandLoad-bearingWalls StoraEnso’sstructuralwallpanelsandfloorslabsformtheload-bearingstructureofeach modularelement.Theelementsarebuiltincontrolledfactoryconditionsanddeliveredto thesitewithallfinishingmaterialsandcomponentsinstalled. Modularelementsformthebaseofload-bearingandshearingstructuralsystem.Corewalls andwallsbetweenapartmentsareusuallythemostsuitableforuseasshearandloadbearingstructures.However,evenlongshearwallpanelsmaystillhaveopeningsordoors dependingondetailedstructuralcalculations. Load-bearingouterwallsandslabsofthemodulesaredesignedtoachieveoptimalspans andusuallyeliminatetheneedforload-bearingelementsinsidethemodularunits.The directionofthemodularelementsdefineswhichfaçadeswillhaveincreasedflexibilityfor largerandmorefrequentopenings. Non-load-bearingpartitionwallsinsidemodulesmaybepositionedfreelyaccordingtothe architecturallayoutoftheunits.Otherelementssuchaswindows(framed,glazingsystems), door(hinged,sliding),balconies(recessed,cantilevered)andfixedfurnitureelementsareall possibleaccordingtothearchitecturalneedsanddesign. Surfacesandfinishesforinteriorandexteriorstructuresofthemodulescanbedefined individuallyforeachprojectinaccordancewitharchitecturaldesign,technicalneedsand local requirements. Seechapter4forfurtherinformation. A C A’ A C A’ D F D’ D F D’ D’ E D D’ E D A’ B A A’ B A Shearwalls Load-bearingwalls Exactboundaryrulesformodularelementsarenotpossibleasrulesarebothfactoryand countryspecific.Elementdimensionsarelimitedbythesizeoftheproductionlineand transport,whereasweightislimitedbytheliftingcapacityinthefactoryandonthebuilding site. Seechapter4and5forfurtherinformation. Room module Technical module Wetzonesandtechnicalshafts Baths,Toilets,KitchensandTechnicalInstallations Inoptimallayouts,technicalinstallationshaftsarelocatedaroundtheverticalcoreforeasy maintenanceandmanagement.Wetzonesandtechnicalmodulesshouldalsobesituated nexttoinstallationshafts.Prefabricatedsanitaryortechnicalunitsinsidemodulesareall possible.Specificlocationsforbaths,toiletsandkitchensmayvaryinsidethesetechnical modules.Longhorizontaldrainlinesandverticallinesorshaftsthroughelementsshouldbe avoided. Variableandadditionalelements(onsite) Corridorsandstairways,Elevatorshafts,RoofsandBalconies Thebuildingsystemconsistsoffactorymademodularelementsandadditionalelements assembledonsite.Prefabricatedadditionalelementssuchascorridors(slabs,beams, columns,stairways),androofareinstalledsimultaneouslywithmoduleerectionphase.For example,awidevarietyofbalconiesispossibleaccordingtothearchitecturalneedsand structuraldesign. Seechapter4and5forfurtherinformation. Seechapter4forfurtherinformation. Fullyequippedfloorplan VERTICAL SHAFTS / INSTALLATIONS Verticalshafts/installations WET AREA ZONE /module POSSIBILITIES Technical BATHROOM / TOILET Bathroom/toilet KITCHEN Kitchen VERTICAL SHAFTS / INSTALLATIONS 13 WET AREA ZONE / POSSIBILITIES BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS BATHROOM / TOILET KITCHEN Modularsystemvariations Apartmentlayout Modular element variations Apartmentsconsistofoneormultiplemodules,dependingonhousing typology.Insingle-moduleapartmentssanitaryunitandtechnicalsystemsare allinone,socalledtechnicalor“wet”module.Indoubleormulti-module apartments“dry”roommodulesareaddedandconnectedtothetechnical moduletoachievelargerunits. • Modularelementscanbevariedwithinabuilding • Notethatcantileveredelementsmayrequirecolumns, dependingontheopeningsandthecantileverlength. Single-moduleapartment Sanitaryunit Standard modules Cantilevered/ recessed modules Cantilevered balconies Double-moduleapartment Balconies Room module • Differentbalconytypesandotheradditionalelementsare possibleaccordingtothearchitecturaldesign. Technical module Multi-moduleapartment Balcony zone Suspended balconies Recessed balconies Freestanding balconytowers Upperfloor/Roofstructures • Upperfloorapartmentsandroofstructurecanbevaried accordingtothearchitecturaldesign. Flatroof 14 Pitchedroof Shedroof Rooftop terrace BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS Casestudyexample: Centralstairwaywithsixunitsperfloor B D D C C Generalfloorplan(3.-8.) 15 A B A BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS Room module Technical module Rendered elevations Cross-sectiona-a Cross-sectionb-b 16 Cross-sectionc-c BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS Cross-sectiond-d 4 Building System by Stora Enso 17 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS 4.1 Structuralcomponentsofthe modularsystem ThecoreoftheStoraEnsomodularelementconsistsofmassive woodpanels,whichoperatesimultaneouslyasthebearingstructureandthesolidenvelopeoftheapartment.Inmostcasesitisalso possiblethatsomeofthemassivewoodpanelsfunctionasvisible interiorsurfaces. Thereareseveralfactorsthatdeterminethemaximumsizeofthe modularelement.Thedimensionsofthemodularelementsare limitedby: • maximumproductionsizesofmassivewoodpanels • eachcountry’ssizelimitsforroadtransportation • spatiallimitationsofthemanufacturingenvironment • maximumweightofthemodularelement. Themodularelementmustbelightenoughtobehandledandlifted bothinthefactoryandonthesite.Themaximumweightofthe modularelementdependsonthecapacityoftheavailablelifting equipment.Noticethatmodularelementswithsanitaryfacilitiesare heavier in relation to the volume. Massive wood slabs Max.width: note the production dimensionsof panels Ma x.w idth* 60–100 mm Max.height: note the production dimensions ofpanels Aprefabricatedsanitary unitorin-situconstructed sanitaryfacilities Max.width: note the production dimensionsofpanels Max.width: note the production dimensions ofpanels Ma x.le ngt h* Massivewoodslabs or rib slabs 100–180 mm Open modular element requires supportsduetoliftingandassembly Ma x.w idth* Massive wood walls 18 0 –16 10 0 mm Theapartmentusuallyconsistsofoneortwomodularelements.Thetechnical module(ontheleft)includesthesanitaryfacilitiesandmostofthebuildingservices equipmentoftheapartment.Toformbiggerapartmentswithmorebedroomsand livingspace,theapartmentcanbeenlargedwitharoommodule(ontheright). BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS * Maximumdimensionsaccordingto transportation,manufacturingandlifting requirements. Also note the production dimensionsofmassivewoodpanels. 4.2 Manufacturingprocessofthemodularelements Slab elements Wall elements Massivewoodpanelsareorderedwith readycut-outsandedgeformings. Thepanelsareequippedwithinsulation, sheetings,framestructuresetc. Theslabandwallelementsareready to be connected to each other. Modular elements Thewallandslabelementsare connectedtoformamodularelement. 19 Buildingservicesequipment,interiorsurfaces andfixturesareinstalledintothemodule. BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS Readymodularelementiswrapped and transported to the site. 4.3 Principlesofbuildingacoustics Inordertocontrolunwantednoiseandvibrations,acoustic designcoversawiderangeoffactorsfromthevibrationofthe buildingframetoconnectiondetailsthataffectflankingtransmissionbetweenroomsandapartments. Plumbing noise 4) 1),3) 4) Apartment 2) Corridor Theexamplebuildingisdesignedtoaddressfourmainacoustic challenges:airbornesound,impactsound,flankingtransmissionandplumbingnoise.Formoreinformationseeadditional literatureandcontactlocalauthoritiestodeterminespecific requirementsforyourproject.Acousticvaluesgiveninthis manualarecalculatedonthebasisofstructuraltypesand typicalmaterialvalues. Mainplumbinglinesatthecorridor • reduces noise to the apartment Plumbingisisolatedfromthe framewithinsulatedhangers • reduces sound transmission to the apartment Acousticaldesignofstructures accordingtolocalrequirements Airborne sound 1) Flanking 3) Separatedlayerstructures • floorstructuresseparatedfrom theload-bearingframe • separatedwallstructuresfor differentapartments • reducesflankingtransmission to other apartments Direct sound path Impact noise insulation Direct sound path Theenergyofairbornesound wavesisreducedbythelayered structureoftheconstruction. Sound flanking path When direct contact to the load-bearingframe Vibrationpad Sound insulation in connections 2) • improves sound insulation andreducesflanking Sound flanking path When indirect contact to theload-bearingframe Floatingsurfacestructure • reduces impact sound Insulation • sound absorption Separatedload-bearingstructures • reducesflanking 20 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS Allconnectionsbetweenseparate apartments require vibration pads • improves sound insulation and reducesflankingtransmission 4.4 Principlesoffiredesign Firesafetyoftheloadbearingstructures Requirementsforfiresafetyvarydependingonlocation,buildingtype anduse.Checkspecificrequirementsforyourprojecttoconfirm compliancewithlocalandnationalregulations.Somebasicprinciples forfiresafetyrequirementsarecommonacrossEurope: • Occupantsshallbeabletoleavethebuildingsorberescued • Thesafetyofrescueteamsshallbetakenintoaccount • Load-bearingstructuresshallresistfireforthe requiredminimumdurationoftime • Thegenerationandspreadoffireandsmokeshallbelimited • Thespreadoffireto neighbouringbuildingsshallbelimited Followingtheseprinciples,buildingcomponentsmustmeetthe followingrequirements: • Reactiontofire • Describesthecontributionofbuildingmaterialstofire • VerificationwithclassificationaccordingtoEN13501-1 • Fire resistance • Describestheresistanceofbuildingcomponentsincaseoffire • VerificationwithclassificationaccordingtoEN13501-2 orcalculationaccordingtoEN1995-1-2 Principlesconcerninghowtoprovidefireresistancewithlayups basedonmassivewood: • Principle1:“Exposedmassivewood” • noadditionalprotectionlayersonmassivewood;fullfire resistanceprovidedbymassivewood • Principle2:“Limitedencapsulation” • massivewoodwithfire-protectivelayersonit;massivewood isallowedtochar • Principle3:“Completeencapsulation” • massivewoodwithfire-protectivelayersonit;massivewood isnotallowedtochar • Seeliteratureandlocalauthoritiesformoreinformation • www.clt.info 3) 1) 1) Exampleoffiresafetydetailing Note national rules Solid wall protected with surface layers 2) Solid wall protected with surface layers 3) Surfacematerial • A2-s1,d0 • ProtectioncoverK 230 Surfacematerial • A2-s1,d0 • Protection coverK 230 Fire resistance REI60–120 Fire resistance REI60–90 • Protectivelayers • Fireresistanceofthe residualcross-section 1) Solid wall • Protectivelayers • Fireresistanceofthe residualcross-section 2) Solid wall Surfacematerial Surfacematerial • D-s2 Surfacematerial • D-s2 Fire resistance REI60–120 • Fireresistanceofthe residualcross-section Fire resistance REI60–90 • Fireresistanceofthe residualcross-section Extinguishingandrescue 4) Sprinkler 4) Smoke detector 5) 2) 6) BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS Fire resistance REI60–90 • Fireresistanceof the residual cross-section 4) 21 Floor structure Sprinklerin Smokedetectorin intermediatefloor ceiling • A2-s1,d0 • ProtectioncoverK 230 • residualcross-section Examplesoffiresafetydetailing Checkcompliancewithnationalregulations Fire resistance of load-bearing walls Referencewallscalculatedinthismanual • 4 or 7 timber stories above the concrete structures (loadfrom4or7storiesandroof) • Spanoffloor4.4m Note:Thesearesamplecalculationsandmustbeconfirmedinacompletefiresafetydesign. Eave (incaseofpitchedroof) 5) 7 timber stories 4 timber stories 1. Definethefiredesignloads(accordingEN1990,EN1991,EN1995). Firesealing 4 stories Alljointsneedtobesealed Wallmark Totalfiredesignload(kN/m) 7 stories A B C D 46.7 43.7 78.5 73.2 Fire protection board 2. Definethefireresistanceofprotectivelayers. Horizontalfirebarrier inventilatingslot • Firebarrierpreventsfire fromverticalfirespread inandonfaçades Concrete 3. Definecharringdepth:Requireddurationoffireresistance -tch-tf(protectivelayers). Residualcross-section 60/90min Snowload Live load 6) Dead load Horizontalfirebarrier inventilatingslot • Firebarrierpreventsfire fromverticalfirespread inandonfaçades Protectivelayer Charredlayer 4. Load-bearingcapacityoftheresidualcross-sectionwithloads definedin(1)shallbecalculated. 22 4400 mm BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS A B C D 4400 mm 4.5 Principlesofcontrollingdeformationsandcracking 1. Deformations Deformationsderivefromthematerialpropertiesof timberandpropertiesofthestructuralsystem.Dimensionalchangesarecausedbymoisturedeformation, creepingandcompression. LVL • Paralleltothegrain 10,000-13,800MPa • Perpendiculartothegrain 130-2400MPa Servicelimitstateloadfromthetwoabove modularelementsandtheroof Vibration pad F=30kN/m E~0.5–10MPa Modulusofelasticity Creep and fatigue F=30kN/m Swelling and shrinkage of wood CLT • Inthepanellayer:0.02%changeinlengthfor each1%changeintimbermoisturecontent • Perpendiculartothepanellayer: 0.24%changeinlengthforeach1% changeintimbermoisturecontent Moisture content • ManufacturemoistureofCLTis10–14% • ManufacturemoistureofLVLis8–10% • Airhumiditychangesbetween~RH20–60% • Timbermoisturecontentchangesbetween7–13% 12 mm 10–15% Creepoftimberandvibrationpad increasessettling. u = 1.6 mm Elasticdeformation withcreep Structural system challenges Thevibrationpadlocatesbetweenthe wallpanelsandasignificantpartof settlingoccursinthislayer.Ifthe ceilingpanelalsolocatesbetween thewallpanels,thedeformation isevenbigger. CLT wall panel 5%changein moisture content Modulus of elasticity E=12,500MPa Modulusofelasticity paralleltothegrain F=30kN/m CLT • Paralleltothegrain12,500MPa • Perpendicular to the grain370MPa 5×0.02% 2950 mm CLT ceiling panel (ifsituatedbetweenthewallpanels) F=30kN/m 5%changtein moisture content E = 370 MPa Modulusofelasticity perpendicular tothegrain u = 3.0 mm u = 0.2 mm Elasticdeformation withcreep F=30kN/m 5×0.024% u = 1.0 mm 23 2950 mm u = 0.2 mm Elasticdeformation withcreep BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS Totalsettling4.8mmforonestorey 2. Connections Cracking Deformationshavetobeconsideredwhendesigningtheconnections.Deformations causeforexampleslottedholestosteelparts.Verticaldeformationisthelargestproblemforupliftconnections.Whensettlingoccurs,thetensionrodloosens.Ithastobe retightenedortherehastobeasystemwhichreducestheeffectsofthedeformations. Woodcrackswhenitexceedsthelimitofthe tensionstressperpendiculartothegrain. Normalcracksareincludedindesignprinciples. Slotted holes in the steel part Tensionrodcanbetightened whensettlingoccurs Mainreasonsforpropagationofcracks • exceedingtensionstressesdueto uncontrolleddryingforexampleon-site • moisturedeformationsofwoodfor examplefromsummertowinter 3. HVAC Settlinghastobeconsideredinverticalpiping. Rapiddryingmaycausevisual cracksonCLTsurfaces Pipingconnectionwhichallowssettling 24 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS 4.6 PrinciplesofHVACdesign A ThegoaloftheHVACdesignistoprovidethermalcomfort andoptimalindoorairquality.Thissectiondescribesthemain plumbingroutesforacentralizedventilationsystem. Themainroutesofventilationductsgothroughsuspendedceilingsinthehorizontaldirectionandthroughplumbingcavitiesinthe vertical direction. These cavities are located in the corridors in ordertoreduceplumbingnoise.Thegoalistoachievesimple,short routeswithoutneedfordifficultholesthroughbuildingstructures. Centralizedventilation A Fresh air Exhaustair Sewage Options for pipe locations: A) Pipesinsuspendedceiling,fire compartmentborderinceiling B) Pipesbetweenmodularelements, firecompartmentborderinceiling Fireproofsealing Note:penetrationthroughbeamsrequirescarefuldesign A–A 25 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS C) Pipesbetweenmodularelements, firecompartmentborderinfloor Fireproofsealing 4.7 Bracingsystemsofmodular buildings • Based on modular elements • Localloadings,conditionsandregulationsmustbeconsidered Guidelinesformultistorybuildings • Consultlocalloadingconditionsandbuildingregulations • Considerthelayoutanddesignofshearwalls: • Symmetricalfloorlayoutsreducetorsionalvibrations • Sufficientnumbersofwallsinsuresoverallstiffness • Openingsinshearwallsmustbecarefullyplanned(size, location,number) Calculationsmustconsider • Designloads • accordingtoactualEN-standard • particularlyaccidents(fireandprogressivecollapse)and seismic • Ultimate limit state • particularlylossofequilibrium • fractureconsiderations • Service limits • particularlydeformationsandvibrationsofthewhole structure • Structural members and connections • load-bearingcapacityandstiffness Moduleceilingsfastenedtoeach other and anchored to the core Slipcastingor anchored concrete elements Bracing with shear walls Sheartransfer A–A A Wind load and load duetogeometric imperfections Horizontalconnection, tension and compression Sheardiaphragm Verticalconnection sheartransfer Horizontalconnection, sheartransfer Shearwall Wind load and load duetogeometric imperfections Shearwall Shear connection to concrete Upliftconnection Upliftconnectiontoconcrete 26 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS A Pinallows settlement Wind load Bracing with concrete core 4.8 Principlesofseismicsafety Conditionsvary,butallbuildingsinseismicareamustbedesignedtoresist seismicforcesasrequiredfortheirlocationandnationalregulations.The examplebuildingherecanbebuilttoresistseismicforcesinaccordancewith Eurocode 8. Inearthquakeproneareaswoodhasseveraladvantages: • Low-density(reduceddeadloadsforstructures) • Highstrengthtoweightratio • Dampingisbetterthaninconcretebuildingsduetothematerial propertiesandjointsusedinwoodconstruction. • Moderndesigncodes(suchasEurocode8)offercleardesignprinciples. Notes for details a) Connectionsmustbedesignedforseismicforces b) Nobrittlejoints(connectorsshouldhaveenoughslenderness) Principlesofseismicbehaviorofmodularelements • Modulesremainasmodules–nobrittlefractureininternal connections • Sufficientyieldingcapacityinconnectionsbetweenmodules • Forcesaredirectedtostiffeningstructureswith enoughcapacitytoresistseismicforces • Forcesaredirectedtofoundations–sufficientanchorage Plasticdeformation What should be considered in timber houseseismicdesign? Seismic Design • Conceptualdesign • Seismic action • Details Horizontalconnection, tension and compression Horizontalconnection, sheartransfer StoraEnsoCLTmodularsystemcanbedesignedtobeusedinseismicareas. Thissystemincludessolutionsforallthreestepsinseismicdesign. Sheardiaphragm Plasticdeformation Verticalconnection, sheartransfer Seismicactionanddesign Shearwall Seismic actions depend on • Constructionsite->seismichazardmaps,NationalAnnexEC8 • Soilquality • Buildingtypeandclass(residential,classII)* • Structuralsystem** Shear connection to concrete Upliftconnection Upliftconnection to concrete * TheductilityclassforamultistoreytimberbuildingwouldbeDCMandDCH. (CheckEN1998-1Table8.1) Intheseclassesbehaviourfactorqwouldbeabout2–3. **NotethatStoraEnsoCLTmodularsystemhasalightdeadloadand connectionssubjecttoplasticdeformations. Plasticdeformation Highstiffness (notbrittle) 27 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS 4.9 Erection procedure sequence Theerectionproceduresequencehasmanyeffectson structural,architectural,HVACandelectricalwiringdesign.It hastobeconsideredinthefloorplanlayout,pipeandcable routingsaswellasinthedetails. Theroommoduleisplacednext to the technical module. The staircase floorslabis placedbetween the modules (seeVD09) The technical module is placed ontopofthe modular element ofpreviousstorey Thelayoutbelowillustratestheerectionproceduresequence ofthecasestudyhouse.Theerectionadvancesoneapartmentatatime,startingfromthetechnicalmodule.The technicalmodulesaresituatednexttothecorridortoenable easyconnectionsthroughthecorridorshafts.Whenmostof thebuildingservicesequipmentareincludedinthetechnicalmodules,thesystemscaneasilybeconnectedwithshort pipe and cable lines. When the technical installations are centralizedinthecorridorarea,theirmaintenanceisalso easierandcomplicatedverticalshaftsandconnectionscan be avoided inside the apartments. The erection procedure sequence has to be considered especiallywhendesigningconnections.Connectionhardwareinthegapbetweentwoneighbouringmodularunitscan befastenedonlytotheunitwhichisinstalledfirst,because theinstallationoftheneighbouringmodularunitblocksthe accesstothegap.Hencetheerectionproceduresequence affectswheretheconnectionhardwarecanbeplacedand whichwallscanfunctionasshearwalls. The element is fastenedwith vertical connection plates(seeVD05) The modular elements are connected withhorizontalplatesbetween theceilingpanels(seeVD07) Italsohastobeensuredthatoverhangingcomponentsare notinthewaywhenpositioningthemodularunits.Ithastobe considered,whichcomponentsareplacedontopofandin themiddleoftheothers.Forexampleinthiscasethetechnicalmodulemustbeinstalledfirst,becausethefloorslabof theroommoduleislaiduponthesupportonthesideofthe technical module. 28 13 11 9 12 10 8 6 4 7 5 3 1 2 Erection procedure sequenceofmodular elements(1–13). BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS Thejointsare sealed(seeVD15) Thedrains,pipesandcablesare connectedthroughthestaircase shaftandtheshaftisclosedwith lightweightwalls(seeVD08) Theseamisfinished afterfasteningthe modularelementwith vertical connection plates(seeVD01) Thesystemsare connected inside the apartment 5 Structural design 29 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS 5.1. Structuraltypes OrientationChart YP1 YP2 US1 VSK1 VSK2 VP5 VP41 E-VP42 VSK4 VSK3 E-VSK12 VSK5 VP11 E-VP12 30 VP2 VP3 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VS1 VS2 ListofDrawings Structural type No. US 1 VSK Description LOAD-BEARINGEXTERNALWALL Openboarding,visibleCLT B Tilecladding,insulation,gypsumboard B Openboarding,suspendedceiling C Render,glasswool,visualCLT D Render,woodfibre,visualCLT A CLTstairs,load-bearingCLT/gluelam E Woodcladding,insulation,visibleCLT B CLTstairs,CLTslab LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL C CLTsteps,gluelambeams,insulation Doublegypsumboards D Plywoodsteps,nailplateconnectedbeams,insulation VisibleCLT E Concretestairs 11 2 LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL,BATHROOM VSK VP VP VP 31 VP YP 5 STAIRS 1 ROOFSTRUCTURE A Gypsumboards,waterproofing A Timbertrussroof B Sanitaryboxelements B Flatroof 3 LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL,ELEVATORSHAFT A VSK CLTSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,BALCONY A B VSK 41 Woodcladding,insulation,gypsumboard A VSK VP A 2 CLT C Concrete LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL,CORRIDOR PITCHEDROOF;TIMBERTRUSS,CORRIDOR A CLT,gypsumboards B 4 YP AP 1 BASEFLOOR,CANTILEVERAPARTMENT A VS Timbertrussroof,LVLbottomchord 1 Floatingfloorslab,CLT NON-LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL,INSIDEAPARTMENT A Lightweightinnerpartitiononeside,doublegypsumboards A Timberorsteelframe B Lightweightinnerpartitiononeside,gypsumboards B CLT C Lightweightinnerpartitiononeside,gypsumboards D Lightweightinnerpartitiononeside,serviceshaft 5 VS 2 LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL,INSIDEAPARTMENT A DoubleCLT,gypsumboards B CLT,gypsumboards C Doublecolumn,gypsumboards D Column,gypsumboards 11 CLTSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,APARTMENT A Floatingfloorslab,gypsumboards B Floatingfloorslab,visibleCLT 2 E-VP NON-LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL,INSIDEAPARTMENT, BATHROOM A Timberorsteelframe,bathroom B CLT,bathroom A Floatingfloorslab,ribslab,CLT B Floatingfloorslab,timberjoists,CLT,suspendedceiling 12 E-VP 42 E-VSK 12 INTERMEDIATEFLOOR,APARTMENT CLTSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,RECESSEDBALCONY, APARTMENT A LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL,RECESSEDBALCONY, APARTMENT CLTSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,BATHROOM A Concreteslab,CLT,suspendedceiling B Sanitaryboxelement,CLT,sanitaryboxelement C Sanitaryboxelement,CLT 3 CLTSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,CORRIDOR A Chipboard,CLT,suspendedceiling B CLT,suspendedceiling C CLT D Floatingfloorslab,CLT,suspendedceiling BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS Floatingfloorslab,visualCLT A Woodcladding,doubleCLT,gypsumboards US 1 Variables Load-bearingexternalwall A. Wood cladding, insulation, gypsum board Façade requirements Structure • Façadematerial • Ventilation32mm • Insulation* • CLT(120mm)** • Gypsumboard*18mm Solidwood requirements • Visual • Weather • Fire B. Tile cladding, insulation, gypsum board • Load-bearing • Fire resistance Structure • Façadematerial • Ventilation50mm • Insulation* • CLT(120mm)** • Gypsumboard*18mm Surfacelayer requirements Insulation requirement • Acoustics • Fire C. Render glass, wool, visible CLT • U value D. Render, wood fibre, visible CLT Structure • Render 10–30 mm • Timberframe+woodfibre insulation 150 mm • CLT(120mm)** Structure • Render 10–30 mm • Mineralwoolinsulation* • CLT(120mm)** E. Wood cladding, insulation, visible CLT Structure • Façadematerial* • Ventilation32mm • Insulation 180 mm • CLT(120mm)** CharringvaluesusedforCLTcross-sectioncalculationarecalculated accordingtozerostrengthlayertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2. Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutside totheinside.Yellowcolorindicateschangedvariable. Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness MinimumCLTcross-section (CLT120) R60 U Surfacereactiontofire [W/m2K] R90 4floors 7floors 4floors 7floors Rw(C;Ctr) [dB] Inner Outer A.0 180 mm Gypsumboard18mm 373 mm 120C3s 120C3s 140C5s 140C5s 0,153 A2-s1,d0 D-s2,d0 A.1 120 mm Gypsumboard18mm 313 mm 120C3s 120C3s 140C5s 140C5s 0,211 A2-s1,d0 D-s2,d0 44(0;−2) 44(0;−2) A.2 180 mm Wood based panel 369 mm — — — — 0,152 — D-s2,d0 44(0;−3) B.0 180 mm Gypsumboard18mm 453 mm 120C3s 120C3s 140C5s 140C5s 0,153 A2-s1,d0 — 54(−1;−3) B.1 120 mm Gypsumboard18mm 393 mm 120C3s 120C3s 140C5s 140C5s 0,211 A2-s1,d0 — 54(−1;−3) B.2 180 mm Wood based panel 449 mm — — — — 0,152 — — 54(−1;−3) B.3 180 mm VisibleCLT 393 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 0,154 D-s2,d0 — 54(−2;−4) C.0 150 mm VisibleCLT 298 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 0,196 D-s2,d0 — 44(0;−3) C.1 180 mm VisibleCLT 328 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 0,169 D-s2,d0 — 44(0;−3) D.0 150 mm VisibleCLT 300 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 0,232 D-s2,d0 — 39(0;−3) E.0 180 mm VisibleCLT 355 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 0,154 D-s2,d0 D-s2,d0 42(0;−3) Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3Disclaimer(page5). 32 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS * ** variable accordingtostructuralcalculations VSK 1 Variables Load-bearingpartitionwall A. Double gypsum boards B. Visible CLT Structure • 2×gypsumboards13mm • CLT(120mm)** • Airgap50mm+insulation30mm • CLT(120mm)** • 2×gypsumboard13mm Solidwood requirements • Load-bearing • Fire resistance Structure • CLT(120mm)** • Airgap50mm+insulation30mm • CLT(120mm)** Surfacelayer requirements Insulation requirement • Acoustics • Fire • Acoustics CharringvaluesusedforCLTcross-sectioncalculationarecalculated accordingtozerostrengthlayertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2. Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutside totheinside.Yellowcolorindicateschangedvariable. Type Insulation Materials Thickness MinimumCLTcross-section (CLT120) R60 Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr) [dB] R90 4floors 7floors 4floors 7floors A.0 30 mm Gypsumboards2×13mm 342 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0 56(−1;−5) A.1 30 mm Wood based panel 344 mm — — — — D-s2,d0 — B.0 30 mm CLT 290 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s D-s2,d0 — Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3Disclaimer(page5). 33 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS * ** variable accordingtostructuralcalculations VSK 2 Variables Load-bearingpartitionwall,bathroom B. Sanitary box elements A . Gypsum boards, waterproofing • Load-bearing • Fire resistance Surfacelayer requirements Insulation requirements Structure • Sanitaryboxelement • Airgap • Gypsumboard15mm • CLT(100mm)** • Airgap50mm+insulation30mm • CLT(100mm)** • Gypsumboard15mm • Airgap • Sanitaryboxelement Structure • Tiles • Tile adhesive • Certifiedwaterproofingsystem • Wet area board 13 mm • Battens32mm+airgap • Gypsumboard15mm • CLT(120mm)** • Airgap50mm+insulation30mm • CLT(120mm)** • Gypsumboard15mm • Battens32mm+airgap • Wet area board 13 mm • Certifiedwaterproofingsystem • Tile adhesive • Tiles Solidwood requirements • Acoustics • Fire • Acoustics CharringvaluesusedforCLTcross-sectioncalculationarecalculated accordingtozerostrengthlayertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2. Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutside totheinside.Yellowcolorindicateschangedvariable. Type Insulation Materials Thickness MinimumCLTcross-section (CLT120) R60 Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr) [dB] R90 4floors 7floors 4floors 7floors A.0 30 mm Tiles 434 120C3s 120C3s 140C5s 140C5s — 60(−3;−9) B.0 30 mm Sanitaryboxelement 444 120C3s 120C3s 140C5s 140C5s — 54(−2;−5) Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3Disclaimer(page5). 34 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS * ** variable accordingtostructuralcalculations VSK 3 Variables Load-bearingpartitionwall,elevatorshaft A. CLT, gypsum boards B. CLT Structure • Gypsumboard*15mm • CLT(120mm)** • Gypsumboard*15mm Solidwood requirements • Load-bearing • Fire Structure • CLT**140mm Surfacelayer requirements • Fire C. Concrete Structure • Reinforcedconcrete**200mm CharringvaluesusedforCLTcross-sectioncalculationarecalculated accordingtozerostrengthlayertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2. Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutside totheinside.Yellowcolorindicateschangedvariable. Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire (CLT120/140) Charring R60 Rw(C;Ctr) R90 [dB] A.0 — Gypsumboard15mm 150 mm R30 A2-s1,d0 — 37(−1;−4) A.1 — Wood based panel 148 mm — — — 36(0;−3) B.0 — CLT 140 mm — D-s2,d0 — 36(−1;4) C.0 — Concrete 200 mm — — — 59(−2;−5) Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3Disclaimer(page5). 35 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS * ** variable accordingtostructuralcalculations VSK 4 Variables Load-bearingpartitionwall,corridor A. Lightweight inner partition one side, double gypsum boards D.CLT, SERVICEVOID A.CLT B. Lightweight inner partition one side, gypsum boards Structure • Gypsumboard*15mm • CLT(120mm)** • Airgap20mm+punctualfastening • Timberframewall98mm+insulation100mm • 2×gypsumboard13mm Solidwood requirements • Load-bearing • Fire resistance Surfacelayer requirements C. Lightweight inner partition one side, plasterboards • Fire • Acoustics Structure • Gypsumboard*18mm • CLT(120mm)** • Battens 48 mm + insulation 50 mm • Gypsumboard18mm D. Lightweight inner partition one side, service saft Structure • Plasterboard 13 mm • CLT(120mm)** • Battens 48 mm + insulation 50 mm • Plasterboard 13 mm Structure • Gypsumboard*18mm • CLT(120mm)** • Gypsumboard18mm • Airgap • Steelframe+insulation50mm • 2×gypsumboard15mm CharringvaluesusedforCLTcross-sectioncalculationarecalculated accordingtozerostrengthlayertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2. Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutside totheinside.Yellowcolorindicateschangedvariable. Type Insulation Materials Thickness MinimumCLTcross-section (CLT120) R60 Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr) [dB] R90 4floors 7floors 4floors 7floors A.0 100 mm Gypsumboard15mm/13mm 279 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0 A.1 100 mm Woodbasedpanel/gypsumboard13mm 278 mm — — — — D-s2,d0/A2-s1,d0 — A.2 100 mm VisibleCLT/gypsumboard13mm 264 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s D-s2,d0/A2-s1,d0 — 61(−1;−5) B.0 50 mm Gypsumboard18mm 204 mm 120C3s 120C3s 140C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0 — B.1 50 mm Woodbasedpanel/gypsumboard18mm 200 mm — — — — D-s2,d0/A2-s1,d0 — B.2 50mm VisibleCLT/gypsumboard18mm 186 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s D-s2,d0/A2-s1,d0 — C.0 50 mm Plasterboards 13 mm 194 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0 — D.0 50 mm Gypsumboard18mm/2×15mm 385 mm 120C3s 120C3s 140C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0 — D.1 50 mm Woodbasedpanel/gypsumboards2×15mm 381 mm — — — — D-s2,d0/A2-s1,d0 — D.2 50 mm VisibleCLT/gypsumboards2×15mm 377 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s D-s2,d0/A2-s1,d0 — Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3Disclaimer(page5). 36 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS * ** variable accordingtostructuralcalculations VSK5 Variables Load-bearingpartitionwall, inside apartment A. Double CLT, gypsum boards C.BEAM AND POST A.CLT B. CLT, gypsum boards Structure • Gypsumboard*15mm • CLT(120mm)** • Airgap35mm+insulation • CLT(120mm)** • Gypsumboard*15mm Solidwood requirements Structure • Gypsumboard*15mm • CLT(140mm)** • Gypsumboard*15mm • Load-bearing • Fire resistance Surfacelayer requirements C. Double column, gypsum boards • Fire D. Column, gypsum boards Structure • Gypsumboard15mm • Gluelamcolumn(115mm)** • Airgap35mm+insulation • Gluelamcolumn(115mm)** • Gypsumboard15mm Structure • Gypsumboard15mm • Gluelamcolumn(190mm)** • Gypsumboard15mm Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutside totheinside.Yellowcolorindicateschangedvariable. Type Insulation Materials Thickness MinimumCLTcross-section R60 A.0 B.0 20 mm Gypsumboard15mm 305 mm Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr) [dB] R90 4floors 7floors 4floors 7floors 120C3s 120C3s 140C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0 54(−2;−6) 20 mm Wood based panel 303 mm — — — — D-s2,d0 53(−1;−5) 20 mm VisibleCLT 275 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s D-s2,d0 52(−1;−6) — Gypsumboard15mm 170 mm 160C5s 160C5s — — A2-s1,d0 38(−1;−4) Wood based panel 168 mm — — — — D-s2,d0 38(−1;−5) VisibleCLT 140 mm — — — — D-s2,d0 36(−1;4) C.0 20 mm Gypsumboard15mm 295 mm — — — — A2-s1,d0 51(−2;−7) D.0 — Gypsumboard15mm 220 mm — — — — A2-s1,d0 40(−3;−10) Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3Disclaimer(page5). 37 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS * ** variable accordingtostructuralcalculations VP 11 Variables CLTslabintermediatefloor,apartment A . Floating floor slab, gypsum board Surfacelayer requirements Solidwood requirements • Acoustics • Load-bearing • Fire B. Floating floor slab, visible CLT Structure • Surfacelayer • Floatingfloorslab40mm • Impact sound isolation 30 mm • CLT(140mm)** • Airgap135mm+insulation50mm • CLT(80mm)** • Gypsumboard18mm Structure • Surfacelayer • Floatingfloorslab40mm • Impact sound isolation 30 mm • CLT(140mm)** • Airgap135mm+insulation50mm • CLT(80mm)** Surfacelayer requirements • Acoustics • Fire • Visual CharringvaluesusedforCLTcross-sectioncalculationarecalculated accordingtozerostrengthlayertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2. Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutside totheinside.Yellowcolorindicateschangedvariable. Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Floor Ceiling Charring R60 R90 Rw(C;Ctr) Ln,w(Ci) [dB] [dB] A.0 50 mm Floorslab40mm/gypsumboard18mm 458 mm REI60 — A2-s1,d0 16 mm 36 mm 62(-1;-5) 74(-10) B.0 50 mm Floorslab40mm/CLT 440 mm — — D-s2,d0 25 mm 45 mm 61(-1;-5) 75(-10) Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3Disclaimer(page5). 38 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS * ** variable accordingtostructuralcalculations VP 2 Variables CLTslabintermediatefloor,bathroom A. Concrete slab, CLT, suspended ceiling Surfacelayer requirements Solidwood requirements • Acoustics • Load-bearing • Fire Suspendedceiling requirements • Visual B. Sanitary box element, CLT, sanitary box element Structure • Tiles • Tile adhesive • Certifiedwaterproofingsystem • Concreteslab70mm • CLT(140mm)** • Airgap135mm • CLT(80mm)** • Dropceilingandpanelling Structure • Tiles • Tile adhesive • Certifiedwaterproofingsystem • Concreteslab100mm • Airgap245mm • CLT(80mm)** • Dropceilingandpanelling C. Sanitary box element, CLT Surfacelayer requirements Structure • Tiles • Tile adhesive • Certifiedwaterproofingsystem • Concreteslab100mm • Airgap245mm • CLT(80mm)** • Acoustics • Fire CharringvaluesusedforCLTcross-sectioncalculationarecalculated accordingtozerostrengthlayertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2. Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutside totheinside.Yellowcolorindicateschangedvariable. Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Floor Charring Ceiling R60 R90 Rw(C;Ctr) Ln,w(Ci) [dB] [dB] A.0 100 mm Tiles/CLT 637 mm REI60 — D-s2,d0 25 mm 45 mm 66(−2;−6) 71(−10) B.0 30 mm Tiles/CLT 637 mm REI60 — D-s2,d0 — — 71(−2;−6) 67(−10) C.0 30 mm Tiles/CLT 437 mm REI60 — D-s2,d0 — — 53(−2;−7) 75(−9) Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3Disclaimer(page5). 39 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS * ** variable accordingtostructuralcalculations VP 3 Variables CLTslabintermediatefloor,corridor A. Chipboard, CLT, suspended ceiling Surfacelayer requirements Solidwood requirements • Acoustics • Load-bearing • Fire Suspendedceiling requirements Surfacelayer requirements • Visual • Acoustics • Fire B. CLT, suspended ceiling Structure • Surfacelayer • Chipboard25mm • CLT(120mm)** • Gypsumboard18mm • Supportinggluelambeams • Gypsumboard18mm • Suspendedceilingand gypsumboard13mm C. CLT Structure • Surfacelayer • CLT(120mm)** • Gypsumboard15mm • Suspendedceilingand gypsumboard18mm D. Floating floor slab, CLT, suspended ceiling Structure • Surfacelayer • Floatingfloorslab40mm • Impact sound isolation 30 mm • CLT(120mm)** • Gypsumboard15mm • Suspendedceiling • Resilient channel 25 mm • Gypsumboard2×15mm Structure • Surfacelayer • CLT(200mm)** CharringvaluesusedforCLTcross-sectioncalculationarecalculated accordingtozerostrengthlayertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2. Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutside totheinside.Yellowcolorindicateschangedvariable. Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Floor Ceiling Charring R60 R90 Rw(C;Ctr) Ln,w(Ci) [dB] [dB] A.0 — Chipboard/gypsumboard13mm 544 mm REI60 — A2-s1,d0 0 mm 30 mm 59(−2;−8) 55(1) B.0 — CLT/gypsumboard18mm 403 mm — — A2-s1,d0 8 mm 39 mm 43(0;−3) 72(−8) C.0 — CLT 215 mm — — D-s2,d0 46 mm 65 mm 41(−2;−6) 84(−8) D.0 30 mm Floorslab40mm/gypsumboard15mm 485 mm REI60 — A2-s1,d0 0 mm 24 mm 61(−2;−8) 70(−6) Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3Disclaimer(page5). 40 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS * ** variable accordingtostructuralcalculations VP 41 Variables CLTslabintermediatefloor,balcony A. Open boarding, visible CLT Surfacelayer requirements Solidwood requirements • Visual • Load-bearing • Fire B. Open boarding, suspended ceiling Structure • Openboarding28mm • Firringpiece • Waterproofing • CLT(100mm)** • Fire retardant treatment Structure • Openboarding28mm • Firringpiece • Waterproofing • CLT(100mm)** • Fire retardant treatment • Suspendedceiling • Boarding28mm Surfacelayer requirements • Fire • Visual CharringvaluesusedforCLTcross-sectioncalculationarecalculated accordingtozerostrengthlayertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2. Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutside totheinside.Yellowcolorindicateschangedvariable. Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Charring Floor Ceiling R60 R90 A.0 — Boarding/fireretardandtreatment 170 mm REI30 — B-s2.d0 30 mm 45 mm B.0 — Boarding/fireretardandtreatment 317 mm REI30 — B-s2.d0 30 mm 45 mm Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3Disclaimer(page5). 41 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS Rw(C;Ctr) Ln,w(Ci) [dB] [dB] * ** variable accordingtostructuralcalculations VP 5 Variables Stairs B. CLT stairs, CLT slab A. CLT stairs, load-bearing CLT / gluelam A.CLTSTAIRS Structure • CLTsteps • Load-bearingCLThandrailsor gluelambeams Structure • CLTsteps • CLTslab** • CLT(handrail) C. CLT steps, gluelam beams, insulation D. Plywood steps, nail plate connected beams, insulation Structure • CLTsteps • SupportingbeamsforCLTsteps andload-bearingCLThandrails** • Insulation 100 mm • 2×gypsumboard13mm B.NAILPLATESTRUCTUREDSTAIRS Surfacelayer requirements Structure • Plywood21mm • Nail plate connected beams** • Insulation 100 mm • 2×gypsumboard13mm • Visual E. Concrete stairs Surfacelayer requirements • Visual • Fire Beams requirements Structure • Concretesteps • Concretebeams** • Load-bearing Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutside totheinside.Yellowcolorindicateschangedvariable. Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Floor Ceiling Rw(C;C tr) Ln,w(Ci) [dB] [dB] A.0 0 mm CLT — — — D-s2,d0 — — B.0 0 mm CLT 160 mm — — D-s2,d0 44(−1;−5) 82(−7) C.0 100 mm CLT/gypsumboard2×13mm 226 mm REI30 DFL-s1 A2-s1,d0 41(−1;−4) 73(−8) D.0 100 mm Plywood/gypsumboard2×13mm 198 mm REI30 DFL-s1 A2-s1,d0 44(−4;−12) 75(−4) E.0 0 mm Concrete 110 mm — — — 50(−1;−3) 50(−1;−3) Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3Disclaimer(page5). 42 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS * ** *** variable accordingtostructuralcalculations airgapduetoacoustics YP 1 Variables Roofstructure A. TIMBER TRUSS ROOF A. Timber truss roof Rooftruss requirements B. Flat roof Structure • Roofmaterial • Roofbatten+ventilationbatten • Roofunderlayment • Rooftruss+ventilation • Insulation 450 mm • CLT80mm • Gypsumboard18mm • Load-bearing • Fire resistance Solidwood requirements Structure • Bitumen sheet • Plywoodboard • Rockwoolwithventilationchannel • Polyurethaneinsulationboard • Moisture barrier • CLT(180mm)** • Battens • Gypsumboard13mm • Load-bearing • Fire resistance Insulation requirements Surfacelayer requirements • U value • Fire • Visual • Acoustics Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutside totheinside.Yellowcolorindicateschangedvariable. Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance U [W/m2K] Surfacereactiontofire Roof Ceiling Rw(C;Ctr) [dB] A.0 450 mm Gypsumboard18mm — REI60 0.076 BROOF A2-s1,d0 42(0;−2) B.0 270 mm Gypsumboard13mm — — — — A2-s1,d0 60(−1;−5) Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3Disclaimer(page5). 43 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS * ** variable accordingtostructuralcalculations VS 1 Variables Non-load-bearingpartitionwall, inside apartment A. Timber or steel frame B. CLT Structure • Gypsumboard*13mm • Timber(orsteel)framewall 66 mm + insulation 50 mm • Gypsumboard*13mm Surfacelayer requirements • Fire Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutside totheinside.Yellowcolorindicateschangedvariable. Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr) [dB] A.0 50 mm Gypsumboard13mm/tiles 104 mm EI30 A2-s1,d0/– 46(−1;−5) A.1 50 mm Woodbasedpanel/tiles 106 mm — D-s2,d2/– 46(−1;−5) B.0 — VisibleCLT/tiles 105 mm EI 60 D-s2,d0/– 37(−1;−3) Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3Disclaimer(page5). 44 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS * ** variable accordingtostructuralcalculations Structure • CLT80mm VS 2 Variables Non-load-bearingpartitionwall, insideapartment,bathroom A. Timber or steel frame, bathroom B. CLT, bathroom Structure • Gypsumboard*13mm • Timber(orsteel)framewall66mm + insulation 50 mm • Wet area board 13 mm • Certifiedwaterproofingsystem • Plaster • Tiles Surfacelayer requirements Structure • CLT80mm • Moisture resistant board 13 mm • Certifiedwaterproofingsystem • Tile adhesive • Tiles • Fire Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutside totheinside.Yellowcolorindicateschangedvariable. Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr)[dB] A.0 50 mm Gypsumboard13mm 92 mm EI 30 A2-s1,d0 40(−2;−8) A.1 50 mm Wooden panel 96 mm — D-s2,d0 40(−2;−8) B.0 — VisibleCLT 80 mm EI 60 D-s2,d0 32(−1;−3) Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3Disclaimer(page5). 45 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS * ** variable accordingtostructuralcalculations YP 2 Variables Pitchedroof,timbertruss, corridor A. Timber truss roof, LVL bottom chord Structure • Roofmaterial • Roofbatten+ventilationbatten • Roofunderlayment • Rooftruss**+ventilation~100mm • Sheathingboard9mm • Insulation450mm(rockwool) • Vapourbarrier • Battens 32 mm • 2×gypsumboard15mm Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutside totheinside.Yellowcolorindicateschangedvariable. Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance U [W/m2K] A.0 450 mm Gypsumboards2×15mm — REI60 0.076 Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3Disclaimer(page5). 46 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS Surfacereactiontofire Roof Ceiling — A2-s1,d0 Rw(C;Ctr) [dB] 58(−1;−5) E-VP 12 Variables Intermediatefloor,apartment A . Floating floor slab, rib slab, CLT Surfacelayer requirements Rib slab requirements • Acoustics • Load-bearing • Fire Surfacelayer requirements • Acoustics • Fire • Visual B. Floor slab, timber joists, CLT, suspended ceiling Structure • Floatingfloorslab40mm • Impact sound isolation 30 mm • LVLribslab+insulation50mm • Plankorboard • Airgap • CLT(80mm)** • Gypsumboard18mm Solidwood requirements • Load-bearing • Fire Charringcalculatedaccordingtozerostrength layertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2. Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutside totheinside.Yellowcolorindicateschangedvariable. Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Floor Ceiling Rw(C;Ctr) Ln,w(Ci) [dB] [dB] A.0 50 mm Floorslab40mm/gypsumboard18mm 456 mm REI60 — A2-s1,d0 58(−1;−4) 78(−11) B.0 50 mm Floorslab40mm/gypsumboard15mm 457 mm — — A2-s1,d0 62(−1;−4) 78(−9) Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3Disclaimer(page5). 47 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS * ** variable accordingtostructuralcalculations Structure • Floor slab • Chipboard • Timberjoists+insulation100mm • Airgap • CLT(80mm)** • Gypsumboard15mm AP 1 Variables Basefloor,cantileverapartment A . Floating floor slab, CLT Surfacelayer requirements Solidwood requirements • Acoustics • Load-bearing • Fire Structure • Floatingfloorslab40mm • Impact sound isolation 30 mm • CLT(140mm)** • Insulation180mm(rockwool) • Battens+airgap50mm • Fiber cement board 8 mm Surfacelayer requirements • Acoustics • Fire • Visual Charringcalculatedaccordingtozerostrength layertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2. Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutside totheinside.Yellowcolorindicateschangedvariable. Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance U [W/m2K] A.0 180 mm Gypsumboards2×15mm 463 mm REI60 0.13 Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr) Outer R60 R90 — — 16 mm 36 mm Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3Disclaimer(page5). 48 Charring Inner BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS [dB] — E-VP 42 Variables CLTslabintermediatefloor, recessedbalcony,apartment A . Floating floor slab, visual CLT Surfacelayer requirements Solidwood requirements • Acoustics • Load-bearing • Fire Structure • Floatingfloorslab40mm • Impact sound isolation 30 mm • CLT(140mm)** • Insulation 100 mm • Airgap • CLT(80mm)** Surfacelayer requirements • Acoustics • Fire • Visual Charringcalculatedaccordingtozerostrength layertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2. Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutside totheinside.Yellowcolorindicateschangedvariable. Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance U [W/m2K] A.0 100 mm Floorslab40mm/CLT 432 mm REI60 Surfacereactiontofire Floor 0.17 R60 R90 A2-s1,d0 25 mm 45 mm Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3Disclaimer(page5). 49 Charring Ceiling BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS Rw(C;Ctr) Ln,w(Ci) [dB] [dB] 61(−1:−5) 75(−10) E-VSK 12 Variables Load-bearingpartitionwall, recessedbalcony,apartment A. Wood cladding, double CLT, gypsum boards Structure • Cladding • Airgap32mm • Gypsumboard15mm • CLT(120mm)** • Airgap50mm+insulation30mm • CLT(120mm)** • Gypsumboard15mm Solidwood requirements Façade requirements • Load-bearing • Fire resistance • Visual • Weather • Fire Surfacelayer requirements Insulation requirements • Acoustics • Fire • Acoustics • U value Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutside totheinside.Yellowcolorindicateschangedvariable. Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness MinimumCLTcross-section (CLT120mm) A.0 30 mm Gypsumboard15mm 375 mm R60 U 4floors 7floors 4floors 7floors 120C3s 120C3s 140C5s 140C5s Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3Disclaimer(page5). 50 Surfacereactiontofire [W/m2K] R90 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS 0,29 Rw(C;Ctr) [dB] Inner Outer A2-s1,d0 D-s2,d0 52(−4;−9) 5.2. Structural details OrientationChart VD13 VD12 VD01 VD02–VD07 VD09A/B VD03B VD14 VD10 VD08 VD15A/B VD02B VD02C VD02D FD06 FD01–FD03 FD04 FD05 HD02 VD11 48m² HD01 51 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS ListofDrawings Detail name No. Description VD 1 Intermediatefloortoload-bearingexternalwall,apartment VD 2 VD 3 VD 4 VD 5 A Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,apartment B Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,apartment,beamandpost Extension C Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,apartment,beamfloor Extension D Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,apartment,ribslabfloor Extension A Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,bathroom B Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,sanitaryboxelement A Connectionforuplift,continuoustensionbar,doubleshearwalls B Connectionforuplift,continuoustensionbar,oneshearwall A Connectionforshear,wood/woodconnection B Connectionforshear,steelconnection VD 6 Connectionbetweenintermediatefloors VD 7 Connectionfortensionandcompressionbetweenintermediatefloors VD 8 VD 9 Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,corridor B Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,corridor 10 VD 11 Stairstointermediatefloor,corridor VD 12 Rooftoexternalwall VD 13 Rooftoload-bearingpartitionwall VD 14 VD 15 16 Balconyfloortoload-bearingexternalwall Intermediatefloortonon-load-bearingpartitionwall,apartment A Twomodulesformingoneroom Extension B Twomodulesformingoneroom Extension A Intermediatefloortoconcretewall,apartment Extension B Intermediatefloortoconcretewall,apartment Extension Extension VD 17 Intermediatefloortoexternalwall,cantileverapartment FD 1 Externalwalltofoundations,apartment FD 2 Externalwalltofoundations,uplifttie FD 3 Externalwalltofoundations,sheartransfer FD 4 Partitionwalltofoundations,upliftconnection FD 5 Partitionwalltofoundations,shearconnection FD 6 Partitionwalltofoundations,insideapartment HD 1 Salient corner HD 2 T-connection HD 3 Re-entrantcorner 52 Extension Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,corridor,serviceshaft A VD VD Note Extension BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 1 Intermediatefloortoexternalwall,apartment Airtighttape Separationstripformoisture and sound isolation Screwsinelement Mineralwool EPDMrubbersealant(soft) Vibrationisolationpad12mm Fire barrier 2) 3) 1) Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 53 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 2 A Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,apartment Mineralwool30mm, onlyatmoduleedges, attached to module Mineralwool30mm, attached to module Separationstripformoisture and sound isolation Screwsinelements Screwsinelements Vibrationisolationpad12mm 4) 3) Mineralwool30mm Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 2) 54 1) BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 2 B Gluelam column Gluelam column Gluelam column Gluelam beam Gluelam column Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,apartment, beam and post Gluelam beam Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 55 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 2 C Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,apartment, beamfloor Screwsinelements Vibrationisolationpad12mm Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 56 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 2 D Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,apartment, ribslabfloor Nails in elements Screwsinelements Vibrationisolationpad12mm Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 57 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 3 A Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall, bathroom Mineralwool,30mm, attached to module Mineralwool,30mm CLTload-bearingpartitionwall onlyatmoduleedges, attached to module Separationstripformoisture and sound isolation Forimprovedimpactnoiseisolation, impactnoiseisolationlayerunderthe tiles can be used CLTintermediatefloor, apartment Vibrationisolationpad12mm 4) 3) Note!Compensationairandairflowinhorizontaldirectionneedtobearranged. 2) 58 1) Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 3 B Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall, bathroom,sanitaryboxelement EPDM rubber sealant Screwsinelement Screwsinelement Vibrationisolationpad12mm 59 4) 3) 2) 1) Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 4 A Connectionforuplift,continuoustensionbar, doubleshearwalls Tension rod Scarfingoftensionrod Steelplate+elastometer(only forstabilityduringassembly) NotchinCLTforscarfing 4) 3) Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 2) 60 1) BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 4 B Connectionforuplift,continuoustensionbar, oneshearwall Mineralwool,30mm attached to module Mineralwool,30mm onlyatmoduleedges, attached to module Tensionrodwithsoft plastic cover around Scarfingoftensionrod Steel plate + elastometer (onlyforstabilityduring assembly) CLTnotched 4) 3) Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 2) 61 1) BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 5 A Connectionforshear,wood/woodconnection Mineralwool30mm,attachedtomodule Separationstripformoisture Mineralwool,30mm and sound isolation onlyatmoduleedges, attached to module NotchedCLTwood/ woodconnection Sound insulation elastomer 12 mm Shearconnectionofoverlappingmodules,numberand sizeofconnectionsaccordingtostructuralengineer Upper modular unit Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. Sound insulation Lowermodularunit elastomer 12 mm 62 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 5 B Connectionforshear,steelconnection Mineralwool30mm,attachedtomodule Separationstripformoisture Mineralwool30mm, and sound isolation Sound insulation elastomer onlyatmoduleedges, belowandonthesteelplate attached to module Screws Sound insulation elastomer 12 mm Steelplateforshear Screws 4) 3) 2) Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 3) 63 1) BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 6 Connectionforshearbetweenintermediatefloors Mineralwool30mm, attached to module Mineralwool30mm, onlyatmoduleedges, Separationstripformoisture attached to module and sound isolation Gapbetweentimber and steel part Steelplateandself-tapping screws(long-termdurability needstobeconsidered) Notchforsteelpart Sound insulation elastomer CLTceiling CLTceiling belowandonthesteelplate Forimprovedsoundisolation,avoidplacingsteelconnectionsinlivingroomsorbedrooms. Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 64 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 7 Connectionfortensionandcompression betweenintermediatefloors Mineralwool30mm, attached to module Mineralwool30mm, onlyatmoduleedges, attached to module Separationstripformoisture and sound isolation Steelplateandself-tapping screws(long-termdurability needstobeconsidered) Notchforsteelpart Sound insulation elastomer belowandonthesteelplate CLTceiling CLTceiling Forimprovedsoundisolation,compression/tensionforcesandshearforces aremanagedwithdifferentsteelconnections.Itisnotrecommendedtoinstall multiplesteelpartstosamelocationfordecreasedsoundisolation. Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 65 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 8 Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,corridor Apartment Corridor Fire sealant Screwsinelement Screwsinelement Ducts Vibrationisolationpad12mm Screwsinelement 3) 4) Serviceshaftandcorridorstructuresarebuiltonsite. Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 1) 66 2) BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 9 A Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,corridor Screwsandrubberwasher Vibrationisolationpad6mm Corridor Apartment Screwsinelement Screwsinelement Vibrationisolationpad12mm Screwsinelement Screws 4) 3) 2) 4) 1) Corridorstructuresarebuiltonsite. Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 67 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 9 B Option B. Improvedacousticperformance Intermediatefloortopartitionwall,corridor Screwsandrubberwasher Vibrationisolationpad6mm Corridor Apartment Elastic sealant Screwsinelement Screwsinelement Vibrationisolationpad12mm Screwsinelement Screws 4) 3) 2) Corridorstructuresarebuiltonsite. 4) 1) Itisrecommendedtouseimpactsoundisolationlayerincorridor iftheroomunderislivingroomorbedroom. Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 68 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 10 Balconyfloortoload-bearingexternalwall Balconyrailandglass Waterproofing Steelangle Screws Mineralwool Fire barrier Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 69 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 11 Stairstointermediatefloor,corridor A Screws Anglebracket Gluelam beam CLTstairs A–A A Screws Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 70 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 12 Rooftoexternalwall Ventilatedtoopenair Roofstructurebuiltonsite CLTneedstobeedgegluedor moisture barrier needs to be used Screwsinelement Sealedjoint Fire barrier 2) 1) 71 Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 13 Rooftoload-bearingpartitionwall Ventilatedtoopenair Roofstructurebuiltonsite Plank Airtighttape CLTneedstobeedgegluedor moisture barrier needs to be user Sealedjoint Screwsinelements EPDMrubbersealantandmineralwool Ifrooftrussconnectsmodulesthatarepartofdifferentflats,vibrationisolationpadshouldbeusedunderthetruss. Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 72 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 14 Intermediatefloortonon-load-bearing partitionwall,apartment Support plate Separationstripformoisture and sound isolation Screws Elastic sealant Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 73 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 15 A Twomodulesformingoneroom Wall Screwsfromwalltofloor Elastic sealant Installationgap EPDM rubber sealant Screwsinelement Screwsinelement Vibrationisolationpad12mm Screwsinelement EPDM rubber sealant Gluelambeamnote:beam’s lengthissameasmodule’s Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 74 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 15 B Twomodulesformingoneroom Wall Screwsfromwalltofloor Elastic sealant Installationgap EPDM rubber sealant Screwsinelement Screwsinelement Vibrationisolationpad12mm Screwsinelement Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 75 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS VD 16 A Intermediatefloortoconcretewall, apartment Cast-inchannel e.g.HALFENHTA-CE 1 1–1 Steel plate and self-tappingscrews Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 76 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS 1 VD 16 A Intermediatefloortoconcretewall, apartment Steelplateandself-tappingscrews Connectionhardwareforconcrete 1 1–1 Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 77 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS 1 VD 17 Intermediatefloortoexternalwall, cantilever apartment Screwsinelement Airtighttape Vibrationisolationpad12mm Screwsinelement Load-bearing EDPMrubbersealant(soft) cantileverwall Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 78 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS FD 1 Externalwalltogroundfloor,apartment Epoxycoveringrecommended Screwsinelement Screwsinelement Bitumenfeltbetween woodandconcrete Moistureunderthemodulefromsite operations need to be ventilated Infillcasting0–50mm Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 79 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS FD 2 Externalwalltogroundfloor,uplifttie Notchininsulationforsteelpart,filledonsite Tension rod Blockoutforjoint Steel part Anchoragebolt Moistureunderthemodulefromsite operations need to be ventilated Bitumenfeltbetweenwoodandconcrete Infillcasting0–50mm Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 80 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS FD 3 Externalwalltogroundfloor, sheartransfer Notchininsulationfor steelpart,filledonsite Bitumenfeltbetween woodandconcrete Screws Bitumenfeltbetween woodandconcrete Moistureundermodulefromsite Steelangleforshear load(doubleanglefor easyinstallation),longtermdurabilityneeds to be considered Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 81 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS operations need to be ventilated Infillcasting0–50mm Anchor bolt FD 4 Partitionwalltogroundfloor, upliftconnection Epoxycoveringrecommended Tension rod NotchinCLTforsteelpart Blockoutforjoint Steel part Anchoragebolt Infillcast+bitumenfelt Moistureundermodulefromsite operations needs to be ventilated Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 82 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS FD 5 Partitionwalltogroundfloor,shearconnection (mayalsobecalculatedtotakeuplift) EPDMrubbersealant(soft) Screws Blockoutforjoint Steelangle Anchoragebolt Epoxycovering recommended Infillcast+bitumenfelt Moistureundermodulefromsite operations needs to be ventilated Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 83 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS FD 6 Partitionwalltofoundations,insideapartment Elastic sealant EPDM rubber sealant Screwsinelements Screwsinelements Epoxycoveringrecommended Bitumenfeltbetweenwoodandconcrete Moistureundermodulefromsite operations needs to be ventilated Infillcasting0–50mm Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 84 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS HD 1–3 Horizontaldetails HD01Salientcorner HD02T-connection Jointsealingtape CLTload-bearing partitionwall Tensionrodforuplift Tensionrodforuplift Screwsinelement CLTload-bearing externalwall Screwsinelement CLTload-bearing externalwall EPDM rubber sealant Jointsealingtape HD03Re-entrantcorner HD02 CLTload-bearing partitionwall Screwsinelement CLTload-bearing externalwall 80m² 59m² 80m² 48m² EPDM rubber sealant 80m² Tensionrodforuplift Jointsealingtape HD01 Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffastenersaccordingtostructuralengineer. 85 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS 54m² 80m² 6 Transportation and instructions for on-site assembly 86 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS 6.1 Transportationofmodularelements • Finishedmodularelementsareprotectedinfactorywith plasticoutercoverandthenliftedtotruck. • Modularelementsarefastenedtothetrailerduringtransport inordertopreventmovementanddamage. • Elementsaretransportedfromthefactorytoabuildingsiteinorderof installation.Beforetransportationitmustbecheckedthatthetransportation routeissuitable(checkingforlowbridgesortightcornersontheroute). • Localtrafficlegislationmaylimitthesizeofmodularunitsaccording tomaximumwidthandheightoftransportationloads. 6.2 Principlesoferection 6.2.1 General • Anerectionschememustbemadeandapprovedaccordingto thelocalbuildingregulationsbeforestartingerection. • Beforebeginning,ensurethatliftingequipment,spaceandweather conditionsonsitearesufficientfortheerectionperiod. • Theerectionschemeshouldspecifywhichliftingequipmentis neededonsite.Dependingontheprojectthiswillincludeforinstance amobilecraneortowercrane,liftingslingsorchainsetc. • Modularelementsmaybeliftedfrom4,6or8liftingpointsdependingontheelement. • Liftingpointsmustbeplannedsothattheycancarrytheweightofthemodularelement. • Liftingpointsmustbeplannedtokeepthemodulebalancedwhileitislifted. • Moduleswithlargeopeningsneedtobereinforcedbefore liftingtopreventdeformationanddamage. • Safetyprecautionsmustbeconsideredforliftingandworkingatheight. • Duringconstructiontheplatformmustnotbeoverloadedwith constructionmaterialsbeyonditsliveloadcapacity. • Typicallytheerectionspeedofmodularunitsis6units/shift 6.2.2 Installationofmodularelements • Theerectionsurfacemustbecheckedbeforestartingerection –straightness,tolerancesetc.shouldbeconfirmed • Modularelementsshouldbeunloadedinorderof assemblyorinstalleddirectlyfromthetruck. • Modularelementsarepreparedforlifting(plasticcoversareremoved fromtheareawheretheyarenotneeded).Beforeinstallationavisual 87 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS checkshouldbedonetoverifyqualityoftheelements. • Eachmodularelementisliftedonitsspot.Guidingsteelpartsshouldbeusedtoget themodularelementtotherightspotandtostaywithininstallationtolerances. • Onceitisensuredthattheplaceandpositionofthemodularelement iswithintolerance,itcanbepermanentlyfastened.Fasteningof concealedsteelpartsshouldbedocumentedduringinstallation. • Aftertheinstallationofadjacentmodularelements,jointsmustbesealed. • Onceallmodularelementsofonefloorareerected,otherstructuralelementssuchas beams,postsandCLTslabsthatarenotincludedinmodularelementscanbeinstalled. • Visualcheckofthewholefloorshouldbecarriedout beforemovingonwiththeinstallation. • Thestructuremustbestabilizedbeforestartinginstallationofthenextfloor. 6.3 Protectionon-site 6.3.1 Moisture control • Moisturecontroltakespartineveryphaseoftheprojectfrombeginning toendinordertoproduceahealthyandsafebuilding. 6.3.2 Personsinchargeofthemoisturecontrol • Anexpertandotherpersonsinchargeofthemoisturecontrolwillbeassignedtothe project.Theirtaskistomonitorandcontrolmoisturethrougheveryphaseoftheproject. 6.3.3 Moisturecontrolplanandemployeeengagement • Amoisturecontrolplanshouldincludeanestimationofpossiblerisks causedbymoisture,plansformeasuringandmonitoringmoisture levelsandaschemeforcontrollingmoistureon-siteasneeded. • Thewholestaffon-siteshouldbetrainedtotakeintoaccountthebasic demandsofthemoisturecontrolintheirworkandcommittofollowingthe requirementsformoisturecontrolfrombeginningtoendoftheproject. • Thedemandsofthemoisturecontrolplanwillbetakenintoaccountin requestsforestimates,quotes,contractsandsitemeetingsifrequired. 6.3.4 Assuranceofmoisturetechnicalqualityincaseof moisturedamage • Allmoisturedamagewillbedocumentedandthenecessaryactions requiredtodryoutanymoistenedstructureswillbedefined. • Dryingoutanymoistenedstructuresmustbemonitoredwith moisture measurements and results must be documented. 6.4 Protectionofstructuresand materialon-site • Allmodulesshouldbeentirelyprotectedduringthetransportationand installedastheyarriveonsiteorstoredwithoutdirectcontacttotheground. • Allmoduleswillbeinspectedfromoutsidebeforeerection.Any damagesincurredwillbedocumentedandrepairedimmediately. • Theerectionsequenceofmoduleswillbeplannedsothat modulescanbeprotectedaftererection.Allmodulesunderone roofmoduleshouldbeerectedatonetime(figure1). • Sidesoftheroofmodulesareprotectedwithboardsorplasticcovers sothatrainwaterwillnotleakintothemodulestructures. • Theroofmodulescanbeequippedwithchannelsforcontrollingdrainage. • Cantilevermodularelementsthatarenotprotectedbyroofmodules needtobeprotectedwithatarpaulinorotherprotectivematerial. Jointsbetweenroofmodules need to be sealed Temporaryroofmodulesfor covering.Liftedonmodulesto concludetheerectionday. Jointsbetweenmodules need to be sealed Coverplate or tarpaulin Channelsinroofmodules forcontrolleddewatering 6.4.1 Protectionofwallsinmodularelements • Atthefactory,modularelementsarecoveredwithaplastic coatingwhichispartlyremovedon-sitebeforeerection. • Theconnectionsbetweenmodulesonexternalwallsofthebuildingareprotected bytapingthejointswithapplicabletapeandinstallingadividerplankonfaçade boarding. • Externalwallsofthemodularelementsthatarenotapartofthebuildingfaçade havetobeprotecteduntiladjacentmodularelementsareinstalled. 6.4.2 Protectionofroofsinmodularelements • Modularelementsareprotectedontopwithtemporaryroofmodules (figure1),whichcancoveroneormultipleapartments. • Theroofmodulesareequippedwithabeamforlifting. • Theroofelementsareoftenmadeofgangnailedtimber trusses,chipboardandabitumenlayer. • Jointsoftheroofmodulesareprotectedbyoverlapping thebitumenwiththeadjacentroofmodule. 88 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS Figure1.Protectionofmodular elementsduringerection Jointsealing tape+dividerplank 6.4.3 Managementoftheindoorconditions • Themanagementofindoorconditionswillbeginwhenload-bearingstructures areerectedandopeningsinexternalenvelopehavebeencovered. • Theheatingsystemissettoeveryspaceenclosedbyloadbearingwalls,inordertodrystructures. • Itisrecommendedtousetworecordingconditionloggers(tomeasurerelative humidityandtemperatureoftheair).Thisistoensuredryingofthestructuresin everyseparatespace.Datacollectedfromconditionloggersshouldbeunloaded everyweekandmanagementofindoorconditionswillbeproceedbasedon theinformationfromthisdata.Duringsiteassembly,itisrecommendedthat therelativehumidityoftheairiskeptunder75%.Afterinstallationofthermal insulation,therelativehumidityoftheindoorairshouldbeunder45–55%,with atemperaturehigherthan+10°Cinorderforstructurestodryeffectively. 6.4.4 Inspectionstobemadebeforeinstallationoffinishes Theseprinciplesareappliedtoareasthatarenotprefabricatedmodularelements. • Themoisturecontentofallinternalstructuresshouldbeinspected beforeinstallationofinternalcoatingsbegins. • Theconditionallinternalwoodsurfacesshouldbe checkedwithappropriateinstruments. • Themoisturecontentofallinternalwoodsurfacesshouldbemeasuredandcharted. • Usingdatafromthesemoisturemeasurements,estimatesforcoatingcan takeintoaccountthequalityrequiredforthespecificconditions. • Criteriaforcoatingswillbedeterminedbythetypesof structures and the moisture control plan. • Damagedmaterialsmustbereplacedbeforeinstallationofinternalmaterialscanbegin. • Confirmationofmoisturemeasurements,ifnecessary,canbe madebydrying/weighingmeasurementsandmeasurements oftherelativehumidityofthepore-airofthetimber. 89 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS 7 Sustainability 90 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS 7.1 StoraEnsobuildingsolutionsforsustainable homes Sustainablehomesaimatbalancingtheneedsoftodayandthoseoffuturegenerations; theyarebuiltwithoutdepletingnaturalresourcesandwithoutotherharmfulenvironmentalandsocialimpacts.Today,sustainablehomesmostlyaimatreducingcarbon emissions,andatprovidinghealthyandcomfortablelivingconditionsforoccupants, consideringthewholebuildinglifecycleincludingtheproductionofconstructionmaterials.Theseaspectsofsustainabilityareincreasinglysubjecttotighteninglegislative requirementsandvoluntarythirdpartyverification.Inrelationtothelatter,manybuilding ratingsystemsexistandprovideviabletoolsforthecommunicationofabuilding´s sustainabilitycredentials. StoraEnsobuildingsolutionshelpdesigners,contractors,ownersandtenantsachieve complianceandaddresstheirsustainabilityambitions. 7.1.1 Responsiblysourcedrenewablewoodforlowcarbon buildingsolutions StoraEnso’sconstructionmaterialsandbuildingsolutionsarebasedonlowenvironmentalimpact,renewablewoodfromsustainablymanagedforests.WoodforStora Enso’swoodproductsandbuildingsolutionsoriginatesfromsemi-natural,sustainably managedEuropeanforests,whichgrowbyareaandbyvolume.TheEuropeanforests contributetothesocialwelfareandlivelihoodoflocalcommunitiesandregionswith16 millionforestowners.Parallelmultipleusesoftheseforestsforrecreationandnature conservationareintegralpartsofsustainableforestrypractices. StoraEnsopromotesthird-partycertificationofforestmanagement,withdemandsthat gobeyondlegalrequirements.In2015,already80%ofallwoodthatwasusedbyStora Enso’smillsoriginatedfromPEFC™orFSC®(C125195)certifiedforests.Forverification oftheresponsibleandlegalwoodorigin,StoraEnsoappliesPEFCandFSCChainof Custodycertifiedwoodtraceabilitysystems. Intheproductionofwoodbasedbuildingsolutions,StoraEnso’smillsapplyISOand OHSASbasedmanagementsystemstoensureresponsible,efficient,clean,andsafe workingenvironments. 91 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS Energyismostlyproducedusingbiomassgeneratedfromsawmillresidues,avoiding fossilcarbonemissions.Highyieldsandefficienciesintheuseofwoodensurethatno woodgoeswasted. Woodconstructionplaysanincreasingroleinglobalwarmingmitigationandadaptation strategiesasithelpstoreducethefossilcarbonemissions.Sustainable,growingforestsstorecarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.Woodconstructionmaterialsstorean amountofcarbonequaltoapproximatelyhalfoftheirdryweightandwoodenbuildings arecarbonstoragesduringtheirlifetime.Atendoftheirusefullife,woodproductscan bere-used,recycledorusedasnonefossilfuelsforenergyproduction. 7.1.2 Energyefficientandlowcarbonhomes Buildingsuseapproximately40%oftotalEUenergyconsumption1.Reductionofenergy useinbuildingsisoneofthemosteconomicalwaystomitigatecarbonemissions.The EnergyPerformanceoftheBuildingsDirective(EPBD)2isthemainpolicytoolbythe EuropeanUniontoreduceenergyuseinbuildingswithintheEUmemberstates. Furthermore,theRenewableEnergyDirective(RES)3aimsatincreasingtheshareof renewableenergyinsupplytobuildings,herewithfurtherdrivingdowncarbonemission fromtheuseofbuildings. TheEPBDisdrivingtheconstantimprovementofenergyperformanceofbuildings, buildingelementsandtechnicalsystems.Theperformanceisdefinedandupdatedin nationalbuildingregulations.AccordingtotheEPBD,asofthebeginningofthe2020 allnewbuildingswillneedtobenearlyzeroenergybuildings(nZEB)intheEUmemberstates.nZEBsarebuildingswithveryhighenergyperformanceandtheirenergy requirementsarecoveredbyrenewableenergysourcestoasignificantextent.Ineach EUmemberstateenergyperformancelevelsandnZEBaredefineddifferentlyusinga methodologyconsideringassociatedlifecyclecosts. StoraEnsowoodbasedbuildingsolutionsofferawiderangeofpropertiesthatfitthe nZEBdefinitionwellintheCentralandNorthernEuropeancountries.CLTstructuresfor useintheNordicclimateshavebeenanalysedfortheirbuildingphysicalandenergy performance.InsulatedCLTandotherwoodenstructurescanhaveU-valuesdownto 0,1W/m2Kandevenbelowwithoutanymoisturerisksandassociatedriskstotheindoor climate. WithenergyuseinbuildingsheavilyregulatedandquicklyapproachingnZEB,efforts tolowertheenvironmentalimpactofbuildingsarenowfocusingmoreandmoreon loweringenergyconsumptionandcarbonemissionsassociatedwiththeproductionof buildingmaterialsandtheconstructionofbuildings.TheuseofStoraEnsolowcarbon buildingsolutionshelplowerenvironmentalimpactsrelativetoexistinghomesand construction practices4,5. 92 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS 7.2 Occupanthealthandwellbeing–Indoor climateandthermalcomfort Thermal‘sensation’isaparameterthatreflectsthethermalcomfortinabuilding.Cold surfacescancausethefeelingofdraughteventhoughthebuildingenvelopeisairtight, asthehumanbodyradiatesheattowardscoldersurfacesofaroom.Optimisedthermal insulationguaranteessuitablesurfacetemperaturesofwallsandtheroofofabuildingto mitigateuncomfortingindoorconditions. Moisturedamagesinbuildingstructuresareoneofthecriticalcausesofpoorqualityof indoorairandassociatedhealthproblemssuchasasthmaandrespiratorydisorder6. Thereareseveralclassificationsthathelpdefinegoodindoorairquality,e.g.theFinnish ClassificationofIndoorEnvironment2008.Itisavoluntarysystemforsettingtarget valuesfortheindoorenvironmentinnewbuildings.HighlyinsulatedCLTbased structurescontributetoindoorclimateinvaryingmeansforexample: • Good thermal insulation enables even temperatures in a room7 • Naturalwoodenmaterialshavelowemissionsduringtheuseofabuilding • Useofwoodasaninteriordesignelementcancontribute topleasantlivingandworkingenvironment8 Comfortandindoorairqualityarebecomingincreasinglyimportantcriteriato customerswhenrentingorbuyingtheirhome.StoraEnsobuildingsolutionspromote goodandhealthyindoorclimate. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 http://ec.europa.eu/research/press/2013/pdf/ppp/eeb_factsheet.pdf Directive2010/31/EUoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof19May2010ontheenergyperformanceofbuildings. Directive2009/28/EConthepromotionoftheuseofenergyfromrenewablesources. EnvironmentalImprovementPotentialsofResidentialBuildings(IMPRO-Building)2008 WoodinCarbonEfficientConstruction–ECO2.http://www.eco2wood.com/ EuropeanRespiratoryJournal.2007March,29(3):509-15 Holopainen,R.Ahumanthermalmodelforimprovedthermalcomfort.Dissertation.Espoo2012.VTTScience23.141p. NyrudA,BringslimarkT,BysheimK,HealthbenefitsfromwoodinteriorsinHospitals.NorwegianInstituteof WoodTechnology. 7.3 ElementsoflifecycledesigninCLTandLVL9 basedbuildings Lifecycledesignreferstoastructuredco-operationbetweendesigners,contractors,materialsuppliers,andpossiblyotherprojectstakeholders.Lifecycledesignaimstoachieve buildingsolutionsthatconsiderlifecyclecostsandcontributetohigherconstructionquality, longerservicetimes,goodindoorenvironment,lowenergydemandaswellascarbonemissionsandhencelifecycledesignhelpsthedeliveryofsustainablehomes. Newbuildingsaretypicallydesignedforaservicelifeof50–100years.Longerservicelife usingwoodconstructionhasbeenproventhroughouthistory.Componentssuchasfans, pumps,piping,surfacecoatings,waterproofing,facades,windowframes,however,havea typicalservicelifeof25–50years.Therefore,alongserviceliferequiresalifecycleapproach thataddresses: • shorterlifetimecomponentsaredesignedforreplacement; • long-termmaintenance; • maintenance,periodicconditionsurveysandtimelyrepairs • loadbearingCLTstructureslocateontheinsideofthethermalinsulation layersandthusprotectedfromoutdoorclimateimpacts; • highqualityconstructionofthebuilding,buildingelementsandcomponents StoraEnsobuildingsolutionsareprefabricatedbuildingelementsproducedintightlycontrolledfactoryconditionsthatimprovethequalityandeaseofconstruction. Highqualityconstructionandalongservicelifeofabuilding,drivesareduceddemandfor renovationandrefurbishment,andherewithreducesmaterialuse,wastegeneration,and energyuseintheproductionofmaterials,transportandconstruction,furtherenhancinga building´ssustainabilityperformance 7.4 Certificationofsustainableandlowcarbon homes Dependentonthemarketconditionsandcustomerawareness,theuseofcertification systemsmayprovidegoodmarketingandcommunicationtoolstowardscustomers, authoritiesand/orinvestorsandmayinsomemarketshelpincreasemarketvalue.Therearea numberofdifferentcertificationsystemsthatprovidethird-partyvalidationofbuildingperformanceforsustainablehomes,suchas(butnotlimitedto)BREEAM,LEED,DGNB,HQE, 9 CommercialproductionofLVLwillstartendofquarter2,2016 93 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS Miljöbyggnad,andMinergie.Thesesystemstypicallystresstheenergyefficiencyandlow carbonemissions,indoorclimateandthermalcomfort,lowmaterialemissions,lifecycledesignandassessment,andconstructionprocessproceduresetc.ingradingforcertification. SustainabilityInformationonverificationandcertification: • ChainofCustodycertificates(PEFCandFSC)forresponsiblysourcedwoodfrom sustainableandlegalsourcesavailableat http://www.storaenso.com > Sustainability > Certificates • Woodfromsustainablymanagedcertifiedforests • AskforourPEFC™orFSC®(C125195)certifiedproducts • Certificatesforresponsible,efficientandsafemanufacturingprocessesavailableat http://www.storaenso.com > Sustainability > Certificates • ISO9001qualitycertificate • ISO14001environmentalcertificate • ISO50001energyefficiencycertificate • OSHASsafetycertificate • CarbonfootprintandLifeCycleAssessment • Casespecificcarbonfootprintcalculationsavailableuponrequest • ProductenvironmentalinformationandLifeCycleAssessment • ProductspecificEnvironmentalProductDeclarations(EPD)soonavailableat http://buildingandliving.storaenso.com > Sustainability • Productspecificindoorairemissiondeclarationsavailableuponrequest • Productspecificchemicalsdeclarations,etc.availableuponrequest 8 Stora Enso 94 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS Stora Enso StoraEnsoisaleadingproviderofrenewablesolutionsinpackaging,biomaterials, woodenconstructionsandpaperonglobalmarkets.Ourcustomersincludepublishers,retailers,brandowners,printandboardproducers,printinghouses,merchants, convertersandjoineriesandconstructioncompanies. Ouraimistoreplacefossilbasedmaterialsbyinnovatinganddevelopingnewproducts andservicesbasedonwoodandotherrenewablematerials.Webelievethateverything that’smadewithfossilfuelstodaycanbemadefromatreetomorrow.Ourfocusison fibre-basedpackaging,plantation-basedpulp,innovationinbiomaterials,andsustainablebuildingsolutions. Thegrouphassome26,000employeesinmorethan35countries,andispubliclylisted ontheHelsinkiandStockholmstockexchanges.Oursalesin2015wereEUR10billion, withanoperationalEBITofEUR915million. Weuseanddevelopourexpertiseinrenewablematerialstomeettheneedsofour customersandmanyoftoday’sglobalrawmaterialchallenges.Ourproductsprovidea climate-friendlyalternativetomanyproductsmadefromnon-renewablematerials,and haveasmallercarbonfootprint. Beingresponsible–doinggoodforthepeopleandtheplanet–underpinsourthinking andourapproachineveryaspectofbusiness. 95 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STOR A ENSO | 3 – 8 STORE Y MODUL AR ELEMENT BUILDINGS Stora Enso Division Wood Products BuildingSolutions Email:[email protected] www.storaenso.com www.clt.info Published 15.06.2016 Version0.1 Subjecttotypographical orprintingerrors
