Download Science Homework - O. Henry Science

Science Homework
Due: Friday, November 13, 2015
Name: ______________________________________________________________
Teacher: ___________________________
Period: _________
Skeletal System
The skeletal system is all of the bones in the body and the tissues such as tendons, ligaments and cartilage
that connect them. There are 206 bones in your body. Your teeth are a part of your skeletal system, but
they are not counted as bones.
The main job of the skeleton is to provide support for your body. Without your skeleton your body would
collapse into a heap. Without bones you'd be just a puddle of skin and guts on the floor. Your bones are
levers which are pulled by your muscles to cause movement. Muscle and bone are connected by tendons. A
joint is found where two or more bones connect. Joints make movement possible. Ligaments hold bones
together at the joints. Cartilage is a flexible tissue that helps to cushion joints so that bones do not rub
together.
1. What are the main STRUCTURES (parts) of the skeletal system?
2. What is the main FUNCTION (job) of the skeletal system?
The Muscular System
Your muscular system includes all the muscles that move your body and things within your body.
Even if you think you are completely still, there are muscles in your body that are causing your eyelids to
blink or making your lungs breathe. You have about 640 muscles that you can control and many others
that you can't.
3. What are the main STRUCTURES (parts) of the muscular system?
4. Describe the function (job) of the muscular system.
There are 3 types of muscles. Skeletal muscles are attached to your skeleton. Skeletal muscle is under
your control and is called voluntary. Smooth muscle is found in your digestive tract and in your blood
vessels. Smooth muscle contracts whether or not you think about it. Smooth muscle is involuntary.
Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart. Cardiac muscle is involuntary, so you don't have to think
about making your heart beat. Cardiac muscle is the strongest muscle tissue in your body because your
heart must beat continuously your entire life.
5. Describe the THREE types of muscles:
6. What is the difference between voluntary muscles and involuntary muscles?
7. Give an example of a voluntary muscle:
8. Give an example of an involuntary muscle:
Integumentary System
The integumentary system is the organ system that protects the body from damage. The structures of the
integumentary system are the skin, hair, and nails). The integumentary system has a variety of functions; it
serves to waterproof, cushion, and protect the deeper tissues, excrete wastes, regulate temperature, and is the
attachment site for sensory receptors to detect pain, sensation, pressure, and temperature. In humans the
integumentary system also provides vitamin D synthesis when exposed to sunlight.
9. What are the main STRUCTURES (parts) of the integumentary system?
10. What are the three main FUNCTIONS (jobs) of the integumentary system?
The skin is the largest organ of the body, with a surface area of 18 square feet.
Its two main layers are the epidermis (outer layer) and dermis (inner layer).
The epidermis has several layers that contain four cell types. Keratinocytes
produce keratin, a protein that gives skin its strength and flexibility and
waterproofs the skin surface. Melanocytes produce melanin, the dark pigment
that gives skin its color. Merkel's cells are involved with touch reception.
Langerhans' cells help the immune system by processing antigens (foreign
bodies) to help fight disease.
11. What are the two layers of the skin called?
12. What is one type of specialized skin cell and what is its function?
Match the function of the body with the system:
13. The function of the _____________________ system is to provide
support for the body.
WORD BANK:
Excretory System
14. The function of the __________________ system is to produce vitamin D,
provide protection, and to control temperature.
Skeletal System
15. The function of the ___________________ system is to help the body
excrete waste products.
Muscular System
16. The function of the ___________________ system is to produce offspring.
Integumentary System
17. The function of the ___________________ system is to help the body
move.
Reproductive System
BONUS – RESEARCH QUESTION: Scientists in Belgium recently discovered a new ligament in the human
knee! What did they name it?