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INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
AND INTELLIGENT AGENTS
M. Gams
Institut Jožef Stefan
Ljubljana University
Slovenia
Intelligent systems
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IN. SOCIETY
ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Major AI applications
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30 Manufacturing and design
30 Business operations
25 Finance
12 Diagnostics and troubleshooting
12 Claims processing and auditing
11 Telephony
26 SW, military, space …
Plan
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Intelligent systems, agents
Artificial intelligence
Information society
Internet,telecommunications
HTML, XML, JavaScript, Java, tools
Speech, communications, multimedia
Practical – getting good jobs
Artificial intelligence
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Strong – formal
well-defined tasks, chess, Church-Turing
thesis, academically
cognitive - weak
the brains are the only truly intelligent system;
evolution
Engineering, invisible
real-life systems, function (money) over fancy
ideas; classical versus intelligent modern
systems
Relations between AI’s
Intelligent systems
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Engineering, invisible intelligence
Practical directions, real-life problems
Verified AI methods: rule-based systems,
trees, expert systems, fuzzy systems, neural
networks, genetic algorithms, hybrid systems
Intelligent systems simulate human
bureaucrats, expert systems simulate experts
Motivation I
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Society /human civilization is evolving into
information society: electronic village,
informatization, infosphere, electronic
services
People are expensive, computers cheap:
computers work 24 hours a day, no vacations,
network accessibility is worldwide, only 3%
microprocessors in computers, an average
car 16 microprocessors, exponential trend
(faster, cheaper, more applications)
Intelligent systems are more friendly, more
flexible than classical systems (not truly
intelligent, just a bit more than classical)
Motivation II - productivity
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Productivity increases – more work done with
the same stuff or the same with less stuff
New services – simple reasoning, learning,
adaptation to each single user (on top of
faster calculating, fast response time), never
frustrated, more constant performance,
Improved quality of work
Dumb/rigid classical programs, computers /
boring, humans non-constant performers
Cost/benefit favorable for I.s. for some tasks too difficult for classical, not too intelligent
Motivation III - benefits
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General trends – globalization, decreasing
governmental spending, employment costs
Introduction of I.s. enables restructuring –
new functionality, new regulation; egovernment = government over the Internet
hard competition- for each workplace,
everybody is evaluated constantly, many
candidates for important good jobs
Science, development, technology –
additional advantage
Motivation IV - bureaucracy
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Specificity of bureaucratic tasks (information
tasks) – good and bad:
great number of users, repeating tasks,
simple tasks, simple structure of tasks, low
level of intelligence needed for typical tasks,
mostly predefined
Tasks still demand a certain level of
understanding, flexibility and reasoning
capabilities
Motivation V – typical tasks
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Small improvement – huge benefits
US Internal Revenue Service (15 mio letters
each year, after introduction of intelligent
systems – no. of mistakes/errors from 33% to
10%; elections
More user friendly – better ratings
Internet is very appropriate for I.s. – always
available, everywhere, …
Conclusion
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Intelligent systems apply AI methods and
introduce intelligent services
I.s. combine advantages of computer systems
(cost, availability) with some human
properties (simple engineering intelligence –
learning, adapting, reasoning), and achieve
better cost/benefit for several tasks
Especially appropriate for mundane
bureaucratic tasks in information society