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Earthworm
Clam
Starfish
Crayfish
Phylum
Class
Backbone ?
Blastula?
Coelom
Annelida
Oligochaeta
Invertebrate
protostomes
Eucoelom
Mollusca
Bivalvia
Invertebrate
protostomes
Eucoelom
Echinodermata
Asteroidea
Invertebrate
DEUTEROSTOMES
Eucoelom
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Invertebrate
protosomes
Eucoelom
Digestive
system
Pharynx, crop, Gizzard,
Intestine
w/TYPHLOSOLE
absorbs nutrients &
removes digestive waste
Stomach; digestive
gland-makes BILE &
absorbs nutrients;
intestine removes
digestive waste
Pyloric & cardiac
stomach; digestive
gland makes BILE &
absorbs nutrients; NO
intestine
Respiratory
system
Exchange gases through
moist skin
Gills exchange gases
Circulatory
system
CLOSED; Dorsal aortic
arches pump blood in
vessels
OPEN; Dorsal Heart
w/pericardial cavity;
hemolymph circulates in
coelom/tissues
Skin gills & surface of
tube feet exchange
gases
OPEN; no heart;
Hemolymph circulates
in coelom/tissues
Pyloric & cardiac
stomach w/ GASTRIC
MILL; digestive gland
makes BILE & absorbs
nutrients; intestine
absorbs nutrients/
removes digestive waste
Gills exchange gases
Excretory
system
Nephridia remove urea
through pores in skin
Kidney empties urea
into mantle cavity
NO excretory organs;
Nitrogen waste leaves
through skin gills &
surface of tube feet
Reproductive
system
Hermaphrodites trade
with partner;
Sexual reproduction;
External fertilization;
Direct development
2 sexes; ASEXUAL &
Sexual reproduction
External fertilization;
INDIRECT
development w/
BIPINNARIA larva
Nervous
system
CEPHALIZATION;
1 pair cerebral ganglia;
Ventral nerve cord;
multiple ganglia along
body
No bones; Fluid in
coelom acts as
hydrostatic skeleton;
Circular/longitudinal
muscles in skin move
worm
2 sexes;
Sexual reproduction
Internal OR external
fertilization (depends on
where live); INDIRECT
development w/
TROCHOPHORE larva
NO CEPHALIZATION
Ventral; 3 pair ganglia;
2 pair nerve cords
No bones; Protective
shell w/ calcium
carbonate secreted by
mantle; Adductor
muscles open/close shell;
Muscles in foot move
clam
Only mollusks W/O a
radula; filter feeders;
adults SESSILE;
Siphons move water
in/out of mantle cavity;
ENDOSKELETON
made of calcium
carbonate OSSICLES;
Water vascular system
moves tube feet
Skeletal/
muscular
OTHER
Segmented body;
Clitellum makes mucous
for reproduction;
young hatch from
cocoons;
Can regenerate tail/not
whole animal
NO CEPHALIZATION
Multiple ganglia
connect nerve ring w/
radial nerves in arms;
All are MARINE;
REGENERATION of
parts or whole animal;
Only animals w/ water
vascular system, tube
feet, & ossicles
OPEN; Dorsal heart w/
OSTIA; Arteries LEAVE
heart but NO veins to
RETURN;
Hemolymph circulates in
coelom/tissues
GREEN GLAND
removes AMMONIA &
excess water through
pores near antennae;
Gills help remove
ammonia
2 sexes;
Sexual reproduction;
External fertilization;
INDIRECT development
w/ NAUPLIUS larva;
eggs/larva carried on
swimmerets
CEPHALIZATION;
1 pair Cerebral ganglia;
Ventral nerve cord;
multiple ganglia along
body
EXOSKELETON of
proteins, lipids, chitin,
calcium carbonate;
Muscles move body &
appendages
Segmented body; Jointed
appendages; Can
REGENERATE lost
appendages/not whole
animal; MOLTING
replaces exoskeleton;
ENDOCRINE system
controls molting, heart
rate, sexual development
INVERTEBRATE ANIMAL COMPARISONS
Earthworm
Clam
Starfish
Crayfish
Phylum
Class
Backbone ?
Blastula?
Coelom
Annelida
Oligochaeta
Invertebrate
protostomes
Eucoelom
Mollusca
Bivalvia
Invertebrate
protostomes
Eucoelom
Echinodermata
Asteroidea
Invertebrate
DEUTEROSTOMES
Eucoelom
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Invertebrate
protosomes
Eucoelom
Digestive
system
Pharynx, crop, Gizzard,
Intestine
w/TYPHLOSOLE
absorbs nutrients &
removes digestive waste
Stomach; digestive
gland-makes BILE &
absorbs nutrients;
intestine removes
digestive waste
Pyloric & cardiac
stomach; digestive
gland makes BILE &
absorbs nutrients; NO
intestine
Respiratory
system
Exchange gases through
moist skin
Gills exchange gases
Circulatory
system
CLOSED; Dorsal aortic
arches pump blood in
vessels
OPEN; Dorsal Heart
w/pericardial cavity;
hemolymph circulates in
coelom/tissues
Skin gills & surface of
tube feet exchange
gases
OPEN; no heart;
Hemolymph circulates
in coelom/tissues
Pyloric & cardiac
stomach w/ GASTRIC
MILL; digestive gland
makes BILE & absorbs
nutrients; intestine
absorbs nutrients/
removes digestive waste
Gills exchange gases
Excretory
system
Nephridia remove urea
through pores in skin
Kidney empties urea
into mantle cavity
NO excretory organs;
Nitrogen waste leaves
through skin gills &
surface of tube feet
Reproductive
system
Hermaphrodites trade
with partner;
Sexual reproduction;
External fertilization;
Direct development
2 sexes; ASEXUAL &
Sexual reproduction
External fertilization;
INDIRECT
development w/
BIPINNARIA larva
Nervous
system
CEPHALIZATION;
1 pair cerebral ganglia;
Ventral nerve cord;
multiple ganglia along
body
No bones; Fluid in
coelom acts as
hydrostatic skeleton;
Circular/longitudinal
muscles in skin move
worm
2 sexes;
Sexual reproduction
Internal OR external
fertilization (depends on
where live); INDIRECT
development w/
TROCHOPHORE larva
NO CEPHALIZATION
Ventral; 3 pair ganglia;
2 pair nerve cords
No bones; Protective
shell w/ calcium
carbonate secreted by
mantle; Adductor
muscles open/close shell;
Muscles in foot move
clam
Only mollusks W/O a
radula; filter feeders;
adults SESSILE;
Siphons move water
in/out of mantle cavity;
ENDOSKELETON
made of calcium
carbonate OSSICLES;
Water vascular system
moves tube feet
Skeletal/
muscular
OTHER
Segmented body;
Clitellum makes mucous
for reproduction;
young hatch from
cocoons;
Can regenerate tail/not
whole animal
NO CEPHALIZATION
Multiple ganglia
connect nerve ring w/
radial nerves in arms;
All are MARINE;
REGENERATION of
parts or whole animal;
Only animals w/ water
vascular system, tube
feet, & ossicles
OPEN; Dorsal heart w/
OSTIA; Arteries LEAVE
heart but NO veins to
RETURN;
Hemolymph circulates in
coelom/tissues
GREEN GLAND
removes AMMONIA &
excess water through
pores near antennae;
Gills help remove
ammonia
2 sexes;
Sexual reproduction;
External fertilization;
INDIRECT development
w/ NAUPLIUS larva;
eggs/larva carried on
swimmerets
CEPHALIZATION;
1 pair Cerebral ganglia;
Ventral nerve cord;
multiple ganglia along
body
EXOSKELETON of
proteins, lipids, chitin,
calcium carbonate;
Muscles move body &
appendages
Segmented body; Jointed
appendages; Can
REGENERATE lost
appendages/not whole
animal; MOLTING
replaces exoskeleton;
ENDOCRINE system
controls molting, heart
rate, sexual development
VERTEBRATE ANIMAL COMPARISONS
Fish
Phylum
Subphylym
Class
Backbone ?
Blastula?
Coelom
Chordata
Vertebrata
Osteichthyes
Vertebrate
deuterostomes
Eucoelom
Digestive
system
Pharynx, esophagus,
Stomach (pyloric/cardiac),
pyloric caeca contain
bacteria to digest plants,
Intestine, w/ VILLI
absorbs nutrients & removes
digestive waste;
LIVER makes bile; stores
vitamins & glycogen,
processes toxins for kidneys;
Pancreas makes trypsin;
GALL BLADDER stores
bile;
Exchange gases through
GILLS
CLOSED; 2 chamber
(1Atrium: 1 Ventricle),
1 loop system; conus
arteriosus & sinus venosus;
SPLEEN-blood cell factory;
Heart carries ONLY LOW
oxygen blood
Gills remove
ammonia/osmoregulation;
Kidneys excrete, urinary
bladder stores, exits via
urogenital pore
Separate sexes;
Sexual reproduction;
External fertilization;
Direct development
Share urogential pore with
excretory system; eggs lack
shells and multicellular
membranes
CEPHALIZATION;
Dorsal nerve cord
surrounded by vertebrae;
CRANIUM protects brain;
Multi lobed brain;
Olfactory, cerebrum, optic
tectum, cerebellum, medulla
oblongata
Endoskeleton made of bones;
muscles move body
PANCREAS-regulates blood
sugar (insulin/glucagon)
Respiratory
system
Circulatory
system
Excretory
system
Reproductive
system
Nervous
system
Skeletal/
muscular
Endocrine
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