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Controlled Protein and Sodium Diet for Kidney Disease Diet plays a very important role in the treatment of kidney disease. If you have kidney or renal disease, you may need to restrict the amount of potassium, phosphorus, sodium and protein in your diet. Some people only have to limit some of these nutrients. This handout deals with limiting sodium and protein. The kidney has three main functions: 1. To remove the waste products produced when protein is broken down in the body. This waste includes urea and creatinine. 2. To regulate the amount of sodium and other minerals in the body. 3. To maintain the proper balance of fluid in the body. If you have renal disease, your kidney may have problems performing these functions. By regulating your diet, you may be able to make up for an unhealthy kidney. Protein Protein is needed to repair tissues and perform other body functions. To be used by the body, the protein you eat must first be broken down. During protein breakdown, waste, such as urea, is produced. When kidney function decreases, the kidney has trouble removing urea. Buildup of urea in the blood and tissues may cause tiredness, nausea, vomiting and itching. To help keep urea from building up in your body, you need to limit the amount of protein in your diet. Protein is a nutrient found in fish, poultry, beef, lamb, pork, eggs, cheeses and milk. Smaller amounts are also found in vegetables, fruits and grain products. More on next page Learn more about your health care. © Copyright 2002 - June 13, 2012. The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center - Upon request all patient education handouts are available in other formats for people with special hearing, vision and language needs, call (614) 293-3191. Page 2 Sodium An unhealthy kidney is less able to remove excess sodium from the body. Too much sodium may cause high blood pressure, extreme thirst, and swelling. It is important for you to limit the amount of sodium in your diet. Small amounts of sodium are present in many foods. However, a major source of sodium is table salt, which is nearly one half sodium. Processed foods, such as canned soups and frozen dinners, usually contain large amounts of salt and other sodium compounds. These higher sources of sodium should be avoided. Food Groups Follow the recommended number of servings listed for each food group each day. Meat and Meat Substitutes (7 grams protein per ounce) Limit to _____ servings per day. Food Serving Size Beef, lamb, pork, veal, poultry, fish 1 ounce (oz) Salmon or tuna, fresh or water-packed, no added salt ¼ cup Cheese, less than 80 milligrams sodium per ounce 1 oz or ¼ cup shredded Unsalted butter 2 tablespoon (Tbsp) Egg 1 Dried peas or beans, cooked ½ cup Avoid: Salt cured meats, bacon, ham, sausage, dried beef, corned beef and sardines Salted, canned, or processed meats, fish and fowl Processed cold cuts, hot dogs and sausages All other cheese and cheese foods Salted nuts and dried beans seasoned with ham or bacon Page 3 Guidelines: Do not eat all of your meat allowances at one meal. Meat should be weighed after cooking and after skin, excess fat and bone have been removed. When a food scale is not available, use these estimates: 2 oz equals: ¼ chicken breast ½ chicken thigh 1 chicken leg 2 small chicken wings ½ cup canned fish Milk and Milk Products (4 grams protein per serving) Limit to _____ servings per day. Food Serving Size Skim, 2 % or whole milk ½ cup Half and half, light or heavy cream ½ cup Yogurt, pudding ½ cup Ice cream ½ cup Avoid: Cultured buttermilk Starches (3 grams of protein per serving) Limit to _____ servings per day. Food Serving Size Pasta (noodles, spaghetti, macaroni) ½ cup cooked Bread, 1 slice 1 ounce Bagel, English muffin ½ (1 ounce) Oatmeal, cream of wheat, grits ½ cup cooked Dry cereal ¾ cup Pancakes 2 (4 inches across) Page 4 Food Serving Size Muffin 1 small Unsalted pretzels ¾ ounce Unsalted potato chips 1 ounce Corn, peas, potatoes ½ cup Rice 1/3 cup Soup 1 cup Avoid: Bread sticks and bread products with salted tops Salted snack foods such as crackers, potato chips, pretzels, popcorn and corn chips Canned soups, dried soup mixes, broth and bouillon Vegetables (2 grams protein per serving) Limit to _____ servings per day. Food Serving Size Cooked vegetables (fresh or frozen) ½ cup Raw vegetables 1 cup Vegetable juice (no added salt) 1 cup Avoid: Sauerkraut, pickles, pickled vegetables or relish Salted tomato juice, salted vegetable juice cocktail, seasoned tomato sauces Commercially frozen vegetables that have added salt, sauce or breading Fruits (½ gram protein per serving) Limit to _____ servings per day. Food Serving Size Raw or canned fruit ½ cup Fruit juice ½ cup Page 5 Fats and Sugars Fat and sugar have no protein. Use fats and sugars according to directions provided to you by your dietitian. Avoid: Canned gravy or gravy mixes because of high sodium Commercially prepared salad dressings (unless low sodium) Salt, seasonings containing salt or sodium, soy sauce (regular and reduced sodium), bottled steak sauces, catsup, chili sauce, meat tenderizer, prepared horseradish sauce, and prepared mustard Olives Commercially prepared salsa Licorice Gatorade Talk to your doctor or others on your health care team if you have questions. You may request more written information from the Library for Health Information at (614) 293-3707 or email: [email protected].