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Coral Reef Succession Ecological Succession The progressive change in the species composition of an ecosystem. Ecological Succession New Bare Substrate Colonizing Stage Successionist Stage Climax Stage 2 types of succession SECONDARY PRIMARY Growth occurs on newly exposed surfaces where no soil exists Ex. Surfaces of volcanic eruptions Growth occurring after a disturbance changes a community without removing the soil • For example, new land created by a volcanic eruption is colonized by various living organisms • Disturbances responsible can include cleared and plowed land, burned woodlands Ecological Succession on a Coral Reef Successional Models and their Impacts (p.133) • Case 1: No Disturbance (Competitive Exclusion Model) • Case 2: Occasional Strong Disturbance (Intermediate Disturbance Model) • Case 3: Constant Strong Disturbance (Colonial Model) Case 1: No Disturbance (Competitive Exclusion Model) • As the reef becomes complex, organisms compete for space. • Dominant organism outcompetes other species. • Occurs in stable environments. • Results in low species diversity. • Highly protected patch reefs within lagoons or protected bays • Deeper water Case 2: Occasional Strong Disturbance (Intermediate Disturbance Model) • Storms and hurricanes allow for other species to move in • Dominant species would not be allowed to reach competitive exclusion • After each disturbance have a recovery period • Area of high diversity Case 3: Constant Strong Disturbance (Colonial Model) • Constant exposure to disturbance • Shallow environment • High turnover of species • r-selected species Case 3 Case 2 Near reef crest Reef slope beneath reef crest Case 1 Deep reef slope Ecological Succession on a Coral Reef The Big Island Ecological Succession on a Coral Reef Ecological Succession on a Coral Reef Ecological Succession on a Coral Reef Ecological Succession on a Coral Reef Ecological Succession on a Coral Reef Ecological Succession on a Coral Reef Ecological Succession on a Coral Reef