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DES UPS introduction
UPS training June 2006
Markus Schwab
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Why Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)?
Power Failure
Over Voltage
Under Voltage
Surge
Power Sag
Noise
Transient
Backup Power
Buck Voltage
Boost Voltage
Protection
Adjust
Variation
Harmonic
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Different UPS architectures
On-Line
(Double Conversion)
UPS
Type
Off-Line
(Passive Standby)
Line-Interactive
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Off-Line UPS
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Block Diagram
Utility
Normal
Filter
Power event
Charger
Battery
Load
Switch
Inverter
Utility is normal: UPS output is equal to utility but through noise filter
Over or under voltage: Inverter transfers battery’s energy to provide load
Inverter Output: Stepped sinewave
Capacity: 350VA ~ 1500VA
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Off-Line UPS
PC, Terminal
Application
peripherals
Fax Machine
Cashier
Desk Lamp
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Block Diagram
Line-Interactive UPS
Normal
Utility
Filter
AVR
Load
Power event
Battery
Switch
Inverter
Normal charger
Utility is normal: UPS output is equal to utility but through noise filter
Over or Under Voltage: AVR activates to adjust the utility
Utility too high or two low: Inverter transfers battery’s energy to provide load
Output: Pure Sinewave or Stepped Sinewave
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Capacity: 350VA ~ 3000VA
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Line-Interactive UPS
High Level PC
Application
Workstation
LAN
Hub
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On-Line UPS
Block Diagram
Bypass
Normal
Utility
Load
Filter
AC to DC
Inverter
Battery
Switch
Power event
Utility within operation range: UPS supplies clean, undisturbed power via inverter
Utility too low or too high: Inverter transfers battery’s energy to provide load
Output: Pure Sinewave
Capacity: 1000VA ~ 200KVA
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On-Line UPS
IDC, Server
Application
RAID, MIS Facility
Industrial Equipment
Enterprise
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Comparison between different architectures
OFF-LINE
LINE
INTERACTIVE
ON-LINE
I/P Normal
Utility
Utility
Input
Inverter
I/P Over or
Under
I/P Out of
range
Output
tolerance
Battery
Inverter
Battery
Inverter
Battery
Inverter
Input 
Inverter
Battery
Inverter
Big
Small
Under 2%
Transfer Time
<10 ms
<10 ms
Zero
Cost
Lowest
Low
Higher
Architecture
Simpler
Simple
More complex
AVR
Delta Energy Systems UPS product line
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Extended runtime
Bypass
Utility
Load
Filter
AC to DC
Inverter
Switch
Battery
Battery
 External battery can be connected to extend backup time
 Available for whole DES product range
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Bypass types
Bypass
Automatic
Bypass
AC to DC
Inverter
Manual
Bypass
Load
Automatic bypass:
 In case of low battery or UPS fault the load will be transferred to bypass
 Available for whole DES product range
Manual bypass:
 Manual switch to power output during maintenance of the UPS
 Built in for J 7-11kVA, H and NT series
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Utility B
Utility A
Dual input
Bypass
Filter
AC to DC
Inverter
Switch
Battery
 The UPS can be connected to two separate AC sources to increase
system reliability.
 Built in for J 7-11kVA and NT series (H series optional)
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Energy Systems Hot standby
Bypass
Inverter
AC to DC
Switch
Bypass
AC to DC
Inverter
Switch
Load
 One UPS output connects to another UPS’s bypass input source
 Two paths that provide loads backup protection -> increased reliability
 Possible with dual input UPS (J 7-11kVA and NT series, H series optional)
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Energy Systems Parallel UPS
UPS 1
Parallel UPS to:
 extend capacity or
 provide N+1 redundancy
Switch
 Available for NT series
UPS 2
To loads
UPS N+1
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Energy Systems Economic Mode
Bypass normal
Utility
Load
Filter
AC to DC
Inverter
Switch
Battery




In ECO mode the load is powered by the bypass path
Energy saving
Some transfer time in case of mains failure (< 10ms)
Available for J7-11kVA and H series single phase models
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Clarification about EMC standards
Generic UPS standard
Old:
EN50091
Telecom
standard
New:
IEC62040
EN300386
B
=
C1
=
B
J 1-2kVA
A
=
C2
=
A
N series, J3-7-9-11kVA
A (A+)
=
C3
=
---
H and NT series
A+ / C3 : For UPS models > 16Amps ~10-20 dBs more are allowed in the
generic UPS product standard.
Does not exist in Telecom norm and did lead to confusion in the past
Note:
The term A+ is not an official term, officially it is class A also, but for
currents > 16Amps the limits are higher.
© 2017年5月10日星期三 Delta Energy Systems
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Key design parameters for UPS project
 Load requirements
- kVA / kW
(kW = kVA x Power factor)
- number of phases
- voltage rating
 EMC requirements (UPS standards / Telecom standards)
 Required backup time
 Verify external transient protection (same as with other products, see
‘Generic installation manual for power systems’)
© 2017年5月10日星期三 Delta Energy Systems
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Comparison UPS – Inverter system
Advantages UPS:
 Large range of load power ratings available (1 – 800kVA)
 The UPS you can integrate into a network of IT equipment and:
- use extensive monitoring features
- perform sequential equipment shutdown in backup mode, etc.
Advantages Inverter system:
 Redundancy can be built
 Can be powered from DC power system (mixed AC and DC
system)
 Fulfils all telecom standards
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Thank You!
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