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Download What is the Earth made of? Common Igneous Rocks Common
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What is the Earth made of? Mostly Oxygen, Silicon, and Iron Atoms combine to form “Minerals” Quartz Feldspar Mica Minerals combine to form “Rocks” I show you this to give your idea of application of idea. Common Igneous Rocks What are the main types of Rocks? IGNEOUS ROCKS – Form from hot, liquid magma SEDIMENTARY ROCKS – Form as layered deposits in oceans, lakes, and on land METAMORPHIC ROCKS – Form when pressures, temperatures and fluids change rocks in the solid state Why is granite generally lighter in color than basalt or peridotite? A. Because granite has lower transition metal content B. Because granite is full of air pockets C. Because granite has larger grains GRANITE • High in Si • Low in Fe, Mg • Low Density BASALT • Lower in Si • Higher in Fe, Mg • Higher Density PERIDOTITE • Lowest in Si • Highest in Fe,Mg • Highest Density Why is granite generally lighter in color than basalt or peridotite? Common Sedimentary Rocks SHALE • Clay-sized particles SANDSTONE • Sand-sized particles CONGLOMERATE • Pebbles & cobbles LIMESTONE • Precipitates out of water 1 Why are Earth & Venus so Different? Common Metamorphic Rocks SLATE • Formed from Shale QUARTZITE • Formed from Sandstone GNEISS • Formed from Shale or Granite MARBLE • Formed from Limestone Continents Characteristics of Continents Why does the Earth have continents? Made of rocks high in silica (granite, gneiss) Low density Rocks can be as old as 4 billion years Rocks may be highly deformed Continents have several distinct regions Because it has WATER Water is necessary to make granite, and granite is what continents are made of and Plate tectonics to pull sediment that contains water down into the Earth where it can combine to form the minerals in granite Canadian Shield Shield The Canadian Shield is typical Covers 1/4 of NA, over 3 million km2 Basic structural features well exposed • Relief is up to 100 m Mountain Belt Stable Platform Shows core of several mountain belts 2 Stable Platforms Folded Mountain Belts Tight folds, thrust faults, accreted terranes and igneous intrusions & volcanics Sedimentary rock covering a shield Kansas •Appalachian Mountains ridge & valley province classic example Continents Features of the Ocean Basin ? Bathymetry: Fig. 9.02 Topography of the ocean floor National Geophysical Data Center/NOAA Continents and Ocean Basins Continental Shelf Mid-Ocean Ridge Abyssal Plain Continental Slope & Rise 3 •Shelf •Slope •Rise •Abyssal Plains & Hills* Andes Mountains Trench *Most abundant landform on Earth Age of the Ocean Floor Mid-Atlantic Ridge Extra follows 4
