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Relational Database Alternatives NoSQL Choosing A Data Model • Relational database underpin legacy applications and meet business needs • However, companies are increasingly considering alternatives • Reasons: – Need to scale – Not all problems map to tables and rows Other Reasons • Cost of data model changes • Faster development • New data types – structured, semi-structured, unstructured • Object-oriented programming • Organizations turning to scale out architectures using commodity servers and cloud computing Data Model • The primary way in which NoSQL databases differ from relational databases is the data model • The Document Model – Instead of rows and columns, data is stored in documents (e.g., JSON) – Documents provide a way of modeling data that is closer to object-oriented programming – Each document is effectively an object Takeaways • Have more than one tool in your toolbox • Document databases provide a rich query functionality that allows them to address a wide variety of applications • Key-value databases work great if you only need to access data by a single key More On Document Databases • In a document database the notion of a schema is dynamic: each document can contain different fields • Documents can be queried based on any fields in the document • Example: MongoDB Key-Value Databases • Every item is stored as an attribute name or key, together with its value • Values can only be queried by the key • Very, very fast • Applications: A narrow set of applications that only query data by a single key value • Example: Redis