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Name: Date: Unit IV Vocabulary Period: 1. The point of intersection, labeled O, of the axes in a rectangular coordinate plane is called the origin . 2. The horizontal number line on a coordinate plane is the 3. One of the four regions into which a coordinate plane is separated by the coordinate axes quadrants . is called a 4. When two or more numbers are multiplied together, each of the numbers is called a factor of the product. 5. The 6. The second power is called the called the cube . 7. The whole numbers, 0, 1, 2, 3, …, together with their opposites, 0, -1, -2, -3, …, form the set of numbers called the integers . 8. The only integer that is neither positive nor negative is zero 9. The distance a number is from zero is known as the power x-axis . is any expression in the form an . square of the number and the third power is 10. A(n) term with no variable part is called a constant . absolute value . . 11. To simplify an expression is to replace the expression with an equivalent expression having as few terms as possible or a numeral if possible. 12. A(n) equation or inequality indicating the relationship between two mathematical mathematical sentence . expressions is called a 13. A(n) Equation is a mathematical sentence with an “equals sign” to indicate that two expressions name the same number. solution 14. The sentence. is a value of a variable that makes an equation or inequality a true 15. Finding the value(s) of the variable that turns an open sentence into a true sentence is called solving the sentence . 16. Operations that undo each other are called __inverse________ ___operations_______. 17. A decimal that has a zero as its final remainder is a terminating decimal . 18. A decimal that continues to repeat without end is a repeating decimal . 19. A decimal that neither terminates nor repeats is an number . irrational 20. The rational numbers and the irrational numbers together are the set of numbers . real 21. Any number that can be represented by a fraction a/b, where a and b are integers and b is not 0, is a rational number . 22. Two nonzero numbers whose product is 1 are reciprocals . 23. A whole number greater than 1 that has only two whole numbers factors, itself and 1 is a prime number . 24. A composite factors. number is a counting number that has more than two 25. The prime factorization of a number is an expression showing a positive integer as the product of prime numbers. multiple 26. A whole number of a number is the product of a given number and any nonzero 27. The least common multiple number that is a multiple of two or more numbers. is the least or most convenient monomial is a number, a variable, or the product of a number 28. A and one or more variables raised to whole number powers. 29. A common nonzero whole numbers. factor is a whole number that is a factor of two or more 30. When two numbers have no common factor other than one they are said to be relatively prime . 31. A number is said to be in simplest denominator are relatively prime. form when the numerator and 32. Percent is the ratio of a number to 100 33. Discount is a decrease, amount of change, in the price of an item. 34. Markup is an increase, amount of change, in the price of an item. 35. Rate is a ratio that compares quantities in different units. 36. Unit rate is a ratio in which one of the numbers is 1. 37. Unit 38. A price is the price of one item. proportion is an equation that states that two ratios are equal. 39. Figures that have the SAME size and shape are congruent 40. An event figures . is any outcome or group of outcomes 41. The probability event will occur. that an event occurs is a measure of the likelihood that the 42. A probability that is based on repeated trials of an experiment is called an probability . 43. Two figures are similar not necessarily the same size. figures 44. Corresponding sides of similar figures are experimental if they have the same SHAPE but proportional . 45. A relation is a pairing of numbers in one set, called the domain, with numbers in another set, called the range. 46. The vertical line test says that if you can find a vertical line passing through more than one point of the graph, then the relation is not a function. 47. A solution of an equation in x and y is an ordered pair (x, y) that produces a true statement when the values of x and y are substituted into the equation. 48. An equation whose graph is a line is called a linear 49. The y-coordinate of a point where a graph crosses the y-axis is a 50. Each number in the domain is an 51. input inequality 53. Each number in the range is an 54. A relation is a function output . y-intercept . x-intercept . . The x-coordinate of a point where a graph crosses the x-axis is an 52. A linear sentence with <, >, ≤, ≥. equation in two variables is a mathematical . if for each input there is exactly one output. 55. The slope of a line is the ratio of the line’s vertical change, called the rise, to its horizontal change called the run. 56. A linear equation of the form y = mx + b is said to be in slope-intercept form . 57. A system of linear equations , or simply a linear system, consists of two or more linear equations with the same variables. 58. An equation that is solved for y is in function form . 59. A letter, such as n, that is used to represent one or more numbers is called a variable . 60. When we replace each variable in a variable expression by one of its values and simplify the resulting numerical expression, we say that we are evaluating . 61. A mathematical phrase that uses variables, numerals and operation symbols is called a (n) variable expression . 62. In an expression such as 3ab, the number 3 is called the coefficient of ab. 63. A regular numerical polygon has all of its sides and angles congruent. circle is the set of all points in a plane at a given distance from a 64. A given point called the center. 65. A segment joining the center to a point on the circle is called a (n) polygon 66. A endpoints. is a closed figure formed by joining segments at their 67. A segment joining two points on a circle is called a 68. A sides. trapezoid chord semicircle diameter . points . is a half circle. 71. The symbol ≅ means congruent . 72. All of the figures that we study in geometry are made up of 73. The perimeter of a circle is called the 74. Two angles are degrees. . is a quadrilateral that has just one pair of parallel 69. A chord passing through the center of a circle is called a 70. A radius of the circle. complementary circumference . if the sum of their measures is 90 75. Two angles are degrees. supplementary if the sum of their measures is 180 76. The indicated quotient of one number divided by a second number is called the it compares two quantities by division. 77. To find the sale price of the item. price 78. A is a type of markup. tax or tip ratio ; we subtracted the discount from the original 79. Terms with the same variable part(s) to the same power(s) are called terms . like 80. The process of reasoning logically from given facts to a conclusion is deductive reasoning . 81. The process of making conclusions based on patterns you observe is reasoning . 82. A conclusion by inductive reasoning is a conjecture 83. An example that proves a statement false is a inductive . counterexample . 84. An arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which each term is found by adding (subtracting) a fixed number to the previous term. 85. A(n) geometric sequence is a sequence in which each term is found by multiplying (dividing) a fixed number by the previous term. scatter 86. A(n) paired data as points. plot uses a coordinate plane to display 87. The coordinate plane is a plane marked with two perpendicular number lines, used to graph ordered pairs of numbers. 88. The abscissa and ordinate together form the coordinates of a point called an ordered pair . 89. An outcome is the possible results of an action. 90. A theoretical probability equally likely outcomes of an experiment. 91. The complement is based on knowing all of the of an event is the opposite of that event. 92. A scale drawing is a two-dimensional drawing in which all lengths are in the same ratio (similar) to actual lengths. 93. A scale model is a three-dimensional model in which all lengths are in the same ratio (similar) to actual lengths. 94. The scale is the relationship of length in the drawing to actual length. 95. The counting principle possible ways two or more events can occur. uses multiplication to find the number of 96. In the expression 9 + a, 9 and a are called the terms 97. The symbol ≅ means congruent . 98. The symbol ∼ means similar 99. A(n) favorable outcome of the expression. . is the outcome for a specified event. 100. Devices used to enclose an expression that should be simplified first are called grouping symbols .