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BASE OF CRANIUM FROM EXTERNAL SIDE
HARD
PALATE
OCCIPITAL
CONDYLE
FORAMEN
MAGNUM
C)HARD PALATEHORIZONTAL PLATE OF
PALATINE BONES &
PALATINE PROCESS OF
MAXILLARY BONES
B)OCCIPITAL BONEHAS FORAMEN
MAGNUM- SPINAL
CORD;
OCCIPITALCONDYLESFOR C1-ATLAS
INCISIVE
FORAMEN
GREATER
PALATINE
FORAMEN
LESSER
PALATINE
FORAMEN
4. BASE OF SKULL - COMPLEX
C)HARD PALATEPALATINE BONES &
PALATINE PROCESS OF
MAXILLARY BONES
STYLOID
PROCESS
OCCIPITAL CONDYLE
FORAMEN
MAGNUM
A) TEMPORAL BONEHAS STYLOID
PROCESS- MUSCLE
ATTACH
B) OCCIPITAL BONEHAS FORAMEN
MAGNUM- SPINAL
CORD; OCCIPITAL
CONDYLES- FOR C1ATLAS
1. SPHENOID BONE – ‘CORE’ OF SKULL
2)SPINE OF
SPHENOID INFERIOR SIDE
ATTACH LIGAMENT
LATERAL &
MEDIAL
PTERYGOID
PLATES MUSCLE
ATTACH
HAMULUS OF
MEDIAL
PTERYGOID
PLATE
MEDIAL AND
LATERAL
PTERYGOID
PLATES
EXTERNAL
AUDITORY
MEATUS
CT
Horizontal
Pterygoid
Plate
Part 1
SPHENOID BONE-INSIDE SKULL
forms parts of all
cranial fossae; has:
LESSER WING
OF SPHENOID
GREATER WING
SELLA TURCICA
i) Lesser Wing above
superior orbital
fissure;
ii) Greater Wingbelow superior
orbital fissure
extends laterally;
iii) Sella Turcica(turkish saddle)
depression above
main part (body)
GREATER
WING OF
SPHENOIDLATERAL
SIDE OF
SKULL
FORAMEN
OVALE
FORAMEN
SPINOSUM
SPINE OF
SPHENOID
BONE –
Ligament
attach
BONY PART
OF
AUDITORY
TUBE
EXTERNAL
AUDITORY
MEATUS
TYMPANIC
MEMBRANE
MIDDLE
EAR
PHARYNX
EXTERNAL AUDITORY
MEATUS
AUDITORY TUBE
(EUSTACHIAN
TUBE)
CAROTID
CANAL –
OPENS TO
FORAMEN
LACERUM
INSIDE
MIDDLE
CRANIAL
FOSSA
OPENING
OF
CAROTID
CANAL
(FORAMEN
LACERUM) –
INTERNAL
CAROTID
ARTERY,
SYMPATHETIC
PLEXUS
STYLOID
PROCESS
MASTOID
PROCESS
STYLOMASTOID
FORAMEN –
VII
VII - FACIAL
leaves Post. Cranial fossa via Internal Aud.
Meatus - enters facial canal
1. Greater Petrosal N.
GVE parasymp to
Lacrimal gland, mucous
glands of nose and palate,
sens. to Nasopharynx
2. Stapedial N. - SVE motor
to stapedius
VII
3. Chorda Tympani
SVA taste to ant 2/3
tongue
GVE parasymp to
submandibular, subling.
salivary glands
MIDDLE EAR: BOUNDARIES
brain
Oval window
Facial
nerve
canal
MEDIAL
WALL OF
TYMPANIC
CAVITY =
LATERAL
WALL OF
INNER EAR
5. Medial Wall
Promontory - cochlea
Round window
NOSE
Oval window (fenestra vestibuli) = attach stapes; Round window
(fenestra cochlea) other end of cochlea
VII - FACIAL
4. Posterior Auricular nerve
Sensory to outer ear
Motor auricular muscles
occipitalis, frontalis
5. Motor Branches to
Stylohyoid & Post Belly
Digastric
Post
Auricular
Stylohyoid &
Post Belly
Digastric
6. Motor to muscles of facial
expression:
Temporal, zygomatic, buccal,
mandibular, cervical
JUGULAR
FORAMEN
HYPOGLOSSAL
CANAL
- LOOK
UNDER
OCCIPITAL
CONDYLE
NASAL CAVITY
SPHENOPALATINE
FORAMEN
PETROTYMPANIC`
FISSURE
PTERYGOMAXILLARY
FISSURE –
LEADS
TO
PTERYGOPALATINE
FOSSA
POSTERIOR
SUPERIOR
ALVEOLAR
FORAMINA –
IN MAXILLARY
BONE –
CONNECT
INFRATEMP.
FOSSA TO
MAX TEETH
POST. SUP.ALV.
N., A., V.
FORAMEN
OVALE
FORAMEN
SPINOSUM
PTERYGOMAXILLARY
FISSURE –
LEADS
TO
PTERYGOPALATINE
FOSSA
FORAMEN
OVALE
NOSE
FORAMEN
SPINOSUM
MIDDLE
MENINGEAL
A.
INFERIOR
ALVEOLAR
N. (V3)
POSTERIOR
SUPERIOR
ALVEOLAR N.
V2
LINGUAL N.
V3
FORAMINA OF ORBIT
FORAMINA- MOST THINGS
ENTER ORBIT FROM MIDDLE
CRANIAL FOSSA
1) OPTIC CANAL- IN BASE
OF LESSER WING OF
SPHENOID BONE, CONTAINS
OPTIC NERVE & OPHTHALMIC
ARTERY
2) SUPERIOR ORBITAL
FISSURE BETWEEN
GREATER AND LESSER WINGS
OF SPHENOID, CONTAINS III,
IV, V1, VI, OPTHALMIC VEINS
OPTIC
FORAMEN
CN II
OPTIC
NERVE,
OPHTHALMIC
ARTERY
FORAMINA OF ORBIT: OPTIC FORAMEN
OPTIC
FORAMEN
AND CANAL
SUPERIOR
ORBITAL
FISSURE –
CN III, IV
V1, VI,
OPHTHALMIC
VEINS
SUPERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
SUPERIOR
ORBITAL
FISSURE
INFERIOR
ORBITAL
FISSURE
2) SUPERIOR
ORBITAL
FISSURE
BETWEEN
GREATER AND
LESSER
WINGS OF
SPHENOID,
CONTAINS III,
IV, V1, VI,
OPTHALMIC
VEINS
1) OPTIC
CANAL- IN
BASE OF
LESSER
WING OF
SPHENOID
BONE,
CONTAINS
OPTIC NERVE
&
OPHTHALMIC
ARTERY
NOSE
INFERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE
1) INFERIOR ORBITAL FISSURE- SLIT BELOW SUP. ORBITAL
FISSURE: BETWEEN SPHENOID & MAXILLARY - CONNECT
PTERYGOPALATINE FOSSA AND INFRATEMPORAL FOSSA WITH
ORBIT - CONTAINS INFRAORBITAL AND ZYGOMATIC N., A. AND V.
(V2, MAXILLARY A.)
BONES OF ORBIT
3. MEDIAL WALL- INCLUDES MAXILLARY,
LACRIMAL, ETHMOID, FRONTAL & SPHENOID
(NASAL CAVITY IS MEDIAL TO MEDIAL WALL
OF ORBIT)
FRONTAL
SPHENOID
ETHMOID
LACRIMAL
MAXILLARY
NOSE
ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR
ETHMOIDAL FORAMINA
2) ANT. & POST.
ETHMOIDAL
FORAMINABETWEEN ETHMOID
& FRONTAL BONES CONNECT ORBIT &
NASAL CAVITIES CONTAIN ANT &
POST ETHMOIDAL
N., A. & V. (V1 &
OPHTHALIC A.)
NASOLACRIMAL DUCT
OPENING OF 3)
NASOLACRIMAL
DUCT- IN
MAXILLARY,
LACRIMAL BONES
& INF. NASAL
CONCHA CONTAINS
MEMBRANEOUS
NASOLACRIMAL
DUCT & TEARS
NASOLACRIMAL DUCT
OTHER FORAMINA OF ORBIT
ORBIT- SERVES AS
PASSAGEWAY FOR NERVES,
VESSELS TO FACE, SCALP &
NASAL CAVITY
1) SUPRAORBITAL NOTCH OR
FORAMEN-IN FRONTAL BONE
CONTAINS SUPRAORBITAL N., A.
and V. FROM V1, OPTHALMIC A.
and V.
2) INFRAORBITAL FORAMEN- IN
MAXILLARY BONE CONTAINS
INFRAORBITAL N., A. and V. FROM
V2 & MAXILLARY
SKULL - bones rigidly connected by
sutures to protect brain, attach move eyes
I. CALVARIUM
= SKULL CAPConsists of
bones linked
by sutures
FRONTAL (1)
BONES OF CALVARIUM
PARIETAL (2)
FRONTAL
(1)
SPHENOID (1)
OCCIPITAL (1)
TEMPORAL (2)
NOSE
NOSE
B. SUTURES
1. CORONAL
SUTURE
2. SAGITTAL
SUTURE
3. LAMBDOIDAL
SUTURE
C. LANDMARKS
1. BREGMA - MID
POINT OF CORONAL
SUTURE
2. LAMBDA - MID
POINT OF
LAMBDOIDAL
SUTURE
CORONAL SUTURE
LANDMARKS
3. PTERION
- JUNCTION OF
TEMPORAL
SPHENOID PARIETAL
& FRONTAL BONES
NOSE
D. FONTANELLES – MEMBRANES LINK
BONES AT BIRTH
1. ANTERIOR
FONTANELLE
AT BREGMA
- FONTANELLES PERMIT
CRANIAL
COMPRESSION AT
BIRTH - CRANIAL
GROWTH
2. POSTERIOR
FONTANELLE AT LAMBDA
3. LATERAL
FONTANELLE
AT PTERION
CRISTA
GALLI
OF
ETHMOID
OLFACTORY
FORAMEN –
CN I
OLFACTORY
NERVE
OPTIC
FORAMEN
CN II
OPTIC
NERVE,
OPHTHALMIC
ARTERY
SUPERIOR
ORBITAL
FISSURE –
CN III, IV
V1, VI,
OPHTHALMIC
VEINS
Cranial Nerves in
Cranial Cavity
Prosection of Orbit and
Cavernous Sinus
CAVERNOUS
SINUS –
III, IV, V1, V2,
VI
OPENING
OF
CAROTID
CANAL
(FORAMEN
LACERUM) –
INTERNAL
CAROTID
ARTERY,
SYMPATHETIC
PLEXUS
FORAMEN
ROTUNDUM –
CN V2
FORAMEN
OVALE –
CN V3,
ACCESSORY
MENINGEAL
ARTERY
FORAMEN
SPINOSUM –
MIDDLE
MENINGEAL
ARTERY,
NERVOUS
SPINOSUS
V1
V2
V3
TRIGEMINAL
(SEMILUNAR)
GANGLION
INTERNAL
AUDITORY
MEATUS –
VII, VIII
JUGULAR
FORAMEN –
CN IX, X, XI,
INTERNAL
JUGULAR
VEIN
HYPOGLOSSAL
CANAL –
CN XII
FORAMEN
MAGNUM –
SPINAL
CORD,
VERTEBRAL
ARTERY