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National Hydrometeorogical Service of
Republic of Tajikistan sight from within
by Manuchehr Baidulloev
Tajik Met Service of Tajikistan
Areas of expertise of the National Hydro
meteorological Service of TAJIKISTAN
Mr. Manuchehr Baidulloev
Engineer Synoptic of the Meteorological Department
State Administration for Hydrometeorology
Geographical situation
Tajikistan is situated in the south of the
Commonwealth of Independent States, in Central
Asia, between 36°40’ - 41°05’ northern latitude
and 67°31’ - 75°14’ eastern longitude. Tajikistan’s
territory is 143,1 thousand km2.
The absolute altitudes range from 300 up to
7495 meters above sea level. The territory is
extended as long as 700 km from west to east
and 350 km from north to south.
From north and west Tajikistan borders with Uzbekistan
and Kyrgyzstan, from the south with Afghanistan and
from the east with China.
Population
Population in Tajikistan exceeding 7 million.
Natural and historical conditions
identified a lot of irregularities in
populating the country’s
territory. The most of valleys and
mountain canyons populated by
people who conduct economic
activities.
Area
143.100 sq km
Capital
Dushanbe
Population
7 million
Language
Tajik
Currency
Tajik Somoni
Main area of
expertise
Agriculture
Orography
Complexity of landscape and wide range of altitudes
makes specific local climate here.
Almost 93% of Tajikistan’s territories are mountains
and they are considered as the highest mountains
of Tian-Shan and Pamir. About half of the country’s
territory situated on the 3000 meters above sea
level, thus the difference between minimal and
maximal altitudes exceeds 7000 meters.
Climate
Climate of Tajikistan is arid
continental and it is characterized
by significant seasonal and daily
temperature fluctuations, specific
relative humidity and other
meteorological elements.
Temperature
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Average surface air temperature varies
from +17° C in the south to -7° C in the east
regions of the republic. Maximum
temperature is in July and minimum in
January. The high-mountain regions of
West Pamirs are known for their severe
climate. Average temperature here is close
to zero, and only in lower reaches it rises
up to +6°C +8°C.
Diversity of
the climatic
conditions
in Tajikistan
Change in air temperature
Climate change projections for
the mountain regions
Precipitation
Precipitation
greatly depends
on the direction
of mountain
ranges as well as
air masses
circulation.
So, annual average precipitation in lowland hot deserts of
northern Tajikistan and cold high-mountain deserts of East
Pamirs range from 70 to 160 mm, while in Central
Tajikistan precipitation can exceed 2000 mm per year.
West and southwest windy slopes are humidified in most
cases.
Glaciers occupy more than 8.4 thousand sq. km, which is about 7% of
the total country area. The most ice cover is observed in the western
part of Pamir Mountains.
The largest glacier of Tajikistan is Fedchenko Glacier. Its length exceeds
70 km, width - 2 km, volume – 144 cub. km. The total number of glaciers
is about 8 thousand and 7 of the glaciers have a length of more than 20
km.
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Tajikistan is rich in water resources, rivers are the basic source of fresh water for
the Aral Sea.
Tajikistan’s water resources are mainly formed owing to glacier melting and
precipitation. Overall water volume in Tajikistan’s glaciers and snowfields is 500
km3.
The majority of Tajikistan’s rivers are considered the only sources of drinking
water for many rural and urban areas mainly located along riverbanks, valleys
and oases.