Download Basic Internet Concepts

Basic Internet
Concepts
Current and Emerging Instructional Technologies EDU 6606
Dr. Fortune
Adam Coulter Johnson
The Internet… a brief history
• In the beginning we had “Batch Processing”
• Highly inefficient, requires manual programming which lead to a lot of bugs and a
waste of time
• 1957- time sharing is conceptualized
• Sputnik sparks fear in America causing the formation of DARPA
• The birth of the internet can be said to have military, scientific and commercial
roots
• ARPANET- (Defense Advanced Research Project Agency) mainframe, Interface
Message Processor, Network control group develops Network Control Protocol
and is replaced by Transmission Control Protocol
• RAND corporation- has American roots, grown out of concern for an atomic
attack from Cuba
• NPL- born in England, has commercial influences, is created due to a need to
prevent congestion of information in the lines, “Packet Switching” is created
• CYCLADES- based in France, has a physical component that is implemented into
the actual hardware itself
• Phone companies develop the X.25 protocol enabling them to charge a fee for
the use of information exchange via servers
• International Organization for Standardization designs the Open System
Interconnection (OSI) in an attempt to create a standardized network
• TCP assimilated the preferences of the OSI reference model
• TCP-IP protocol which guarantees compatibility between networks and thus
creates the internet
• February 28, 1990 ARPANET hardware is removed
URL
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Uniform Resource Locator
It is another name for a Web address
Created in 1994 by Tim Berners-Lee of the IETF
A URL combines domain names with a file path syntax
Uses a system of two forward slashes to separate a folder and
file names
• Think of a URL like a phone number. There are a lot of
“Adams” in the world but each Adam has a specific phone
number. A URL will take you to a specific location but will not
confuse the desired location with a similar sounding location
Navigation Techniques
• Navigating the internet starts with a Web browser
• Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari, Opera…
• Once you get to the internet you can use a search engine
• Google, Bing, AskJeeves, Yahoo…
• Some search engines enable keyboard shortcuts
• Some browsers use browser extensions
Bookmark, Favorite and Online Organizer
• Bookmark and Favorite- essentially the same function with
two different names (the type of browser you are using
depends on if it is a Bookmark or a Favorite)
• Uses- allows a user to create a shortcut on the local computer for
frequently visited websites, these shortcuts can even be
transferred to a “thumb” drive
• Online Organizer- there are now bookmarking web resources
that add a social component to bookmarking, allowing users
to bookmark websites in the traditional method while
accessing them anywhere they have an internet connection
• This allows users to move to computers other than their own and
still have their bookmarks at their disposal
• Squidoo.com, Stumbleupon.com, Digg.com, del.icio.us…
Search Engine
• A program used to search documents for specific keywords
• A brief history of Web Search Engines
• ARCHIE- 1990, stands for “archive,” created by Alan Emtage, Bill
Heelan and J. Peter Deutsch,
• GOPHER- 1991, created by Mark McCahill
• W3Catalog- 1993, web’s first primitive search engine
• WANDEX- 1993, possibly the first web robot, World Wide Web
Wanderer, main purpose was to measure the size of the WWW
• Jumpstation- 1993, uses a web robot to build an index
• Webcrawler- 1994, allows users to look for a word in a webpage
• Then came the birth of the search engine through commercial
influences
• Magellan, Excite, Infoseek, AltaVista, yahoo…the list goes on!
How Search Engines Evaluate a Website
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While there are LOADS of variables considered
in website evaluation, below is a graphic of a
key concept
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1. Internal-vs-External
2.Anchor Text
3. Page Rank
4. Trust Rank
5. Domain Authority
6. Diversity
7. Uniqueness of Source
8. Location on the Page
9. Topical Relevance
10. Content and Context Assessment
11. Geographic Location
12. Use of “No Follow”
13. Link Type
14. Other Link Targets on Page
15. Domain, Page and Link Specific
Penalties
• 16. Content/Embed Patterns
• 17. Temporal/Historical Data
Basic Troubleshooting
• Make sure you have an internet connection through an ISP
• Configure your OS’s internet settings
• Check IP details
• Perform a PING test to see the TCP/IP is configured correctly
• Configure the Browser/Application
• When receiving an error message, you can use a search engine
and perform a search of the specific message to find solutions
to your issue
Problems with Using the Internet as a
Source for Information
• Not all data can be verified, no one has to approve the
information before it is published
• Getting information from the internet is no different than
getting information from a brick and mortar library…it is a
learned skill that takes guidance and practice
• Digital skills are equally as important as physical access to the
world wide web
• Many websites are unreliable
• Consumer websites often times will take your money for a
purchase only to fail to deliver the goods