Download Digestants

Digestants & Drugs Affecting
Gallbladder
•Promote the process of digestion in GI tract
•pancrealipase (Pancrease) - contains digestive
enzymes
•Side effect: nausea, abd. cramps, & loose stools
•Take before or with meals
•ursodiol (Actigall) dissolves radiolucent
noncalcified gallstones
•Side effect: N & V
Antacids
• Drugs that buffer, neutralize or absorb
hydrochloric acid in the stomach
• Should be taken 1 hour after meals & @
bedtime
• Watch for drug interactions
• Magnesium (MOM) - diarrhea
• Aluminum carbonate (Amphojel) constipation
• Maalox (aluminum hydroxide with &
magnesium)
Peptic Ulcer Treatment
• Multi-drug treatment
• Usually 2 antibiotics & a proton pump
inhibitor or histamine blocking agent &
then add bismuth subsalicylate - PeptoBismol
Cytoprotective Agents
• Sucralfate (Carafate) – tx duodenal ulcer
• forms a protective, acid-resistant shield in
the ulcer crater
• give one hour before meals & at bedtime
• Do Not Chew the Tablet
• Administer antacids within 30 minutes
before or after
• Side effect: constipation
Proton Pump Inhibitors
• Blocks the final step of acid production –
decreases acid production
• lansoprazole (Prevacid): side effect/diarrhea
• omeprazole (Prilosec): side effect/diarrhea
& headache
• Swallow capsule whole & take before meals
• Tx GERD, gastric ulcer, H. pylori
H2 Receptor Antagonists
• Activation of H2 receptors increases gastric acid
secretion so these drugs block this activation
• cimetidine (Tagamet) – tx peptic & duodenal
ulcer, GERD, hypersecretory conditions –
generally well tolerated drug
• ranitidine (Zantac)
• famotidine (Pepcid)
• nizatidine (Axid)
Antiflatulents
• Simethicone (Mylicon)
• Defoaming agent- causes gas bubbles to
unite
• Relieves flatulence by dispensing and
preventing the formation of mucussurrounded gas pockets in the GI tract
Gastrointestinal Stimulant
• Increases ACH – increases peristalsis – tx
diabetic gastric stasis
• antiemetic
• Metoclopramide (Reglan)
• AE – drowsiness & depression &
Parkinson-like symptoms
• When to give
Antiemtics
• Prevent or relieve N & V, used with
chemotherapy & postop
• May exert effect on vomiting center,
cerebral cortex, chemoreceptors trigger
zone or vestibular apparatus
• Side effect: headache, constipation &
malaise
• ondansetron hydrochloride (Zofran)
Laxatives
• Do not give with undiagnosed abdominal
pain
• Better to treat with increase fluids,
vegetables, fruits & bran products
• Laxative abuse
• Saline (MOM)
• Stimulant (Dulcolax, Ex-Lax)
• Bulk Forming (Metamucil)
Laxatives (cont.)
• Lubricant (Mineral Oil)
• Stool Softener (Colace)
• Hyperosmotic (Lactulose & GoLYTELY)
Antidiarrheal Agents
• Adsorbents: coats wall of GI tract, absorb
bacteria or toxins causing the diarrhea &
passing then out with stool (Kaopectate)
• Pepto-Bismol - promotes absorption of
fluids & has antimicrobial effect
• diphenoxylate HCL with Atropine
(Lomotil), “synthetic narcotic”, meperedine