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Part II Med Term Integumentary System Chapter 5 Kaposi’s Sarcoma • Pronounced – (CAP-oh-seez sar-KOH-ma) • Defined – Rare malignant lesions beginning as soft purplebrown nodules or plaques on the feet – Gradually spreads throughout skin – Increased incidence in men with AIDS Keloid • Pronounced – (KEE-loyd) • Defined – Enlarged, irregularly shaped, elevated scar that forms due to the presence of large amounts of collagen during formation of a scar Keratosis • Pronounced – (kair-ah-TOH-sis) • Defined – Skin condition in which there is a thickening and overgrowth of the cornified epithelium Seborrheic Keratosis • Pronounced – (seb-oh-REE-ik kair-ah-TOH-sis) • Defined – Brown or waxy yellow wart-like lesions that are loosely attached to the skin – Also known as senile warts Actinic Keratosis • Pronounced – (ak-TIN-ic kair-ah-TOH-sis) • Defined – Premalignant, gray or red-to-brown, hardened lesion caused by excessive exposure to sunlight – Also known as solar keratosis Leukoplakia • Pronounced – (loo-koh-PLAY-kee-ah) • Defined – White, hard, thickened patches firmly attached to the mucous membrane • In mouth, vulva, or penis Malignant Melanoma • Pronounced – (mah-LIG-nant mel-ah-NOH-mah) • Defined – Malignant skin tumor originating from melanocytes in preexisting nevi, freckles, or skin with pigment – Darkly pigmented tumor with irregular surfaces and borders; variable colors ABCDs of Malignant Melanomas • • • • Asymmetry Borders Color Diameter Nevus • Pronounced – (NEV-us) • Defined – Visual accumulation of melanocytes, creating a flat or raised rounded macule or papule with definite borders – Commonly known as a mole Onychocryptosis • Pronounced – (on-ih-koh-krip-TOH-sis) • Defined – Ingrown nail • Most commonly involves the large toe Onychomycosis • Pronounced – (on-ih-koh-my-KOH-sis) • Defined – Fungal infection of the nails Pediculosis • Pronounced – (pee-dik-you-LOH-sis) • Defined – Highly contagious parasitic infestation caused by blood-sucking lice Pediculosis • Pediculosis capitis – Head • Pediculosis corporis – Body • Pediculosis palpebrarum – Eyelashes and eyelids • Pediculosis pubis – Pubic hair Pemphigus • Pronounced – (PEM-fih-gus) • Defined – Rare, incurable disorder manifested by blisters in the mouth and on the skin – Spreads to involve large areas of the body Pilonidal Cyst • Pronounced – (pye-loh-NYE-dal SIST) • Defined – Closed sac located in the sacrococcygeal area of the back – Sometimes noted at birth as a dimple Psoriasis • Pronounced – (soh-RYE-ah-sis) • Defined – Common, noninfectious, chronic skin disorder manifested by silvery-white scales over round, raised, reddened plaques producing itching – Pruritus Rosacea • Pronounced – (roh-ZAY-she-ah) • Defined – Chronic inflammatory skin disease that mainly affects the skin of the middle third of the face • Characterized by persistent redness over the areas of the face, nose, and cheeks Scabies • Pronounced – (SKAY-beez) • Defined – Highly contagious parasitic infestation caused by the “human itch mite” – Resulting in a rash, pruritus, and a feeling in the skin of “something crawling” Scleroderma • Pronounced – (sklair-ah-DER-mah) • Defined – Gradual thickening of the dermis and swelling of the hands and feet to a state in which the skin is anchored to the underlying tissue Systemic Lupus Erythematosus • Pronounced – (sis-TEM-ic LOO-pus air-ih-them-ah-TOH-sis) • Defined – Chronic, multi-system, inflammatory disease characterized by lesions of the nervous system and skin, renal problems, and vasculitis – Characteristic “Butterfly rash” is often seen on nose and face Tinea • Pronounced – (TIN-ee-ah) • Defined – Chronic fungal infection of the skin – Characterized by scaling, itching, and sometimes painful lesions Tinea • Tinea capitis – Scalp • Tinea corporis – Body • Tinea cruris – Groin • Tinea pedis – Foot Verruca • Pronounced – (ver-ROO-kah) • Defined – Benign, circumscribed, elevated skin lesion that results from hypertrophy of the epidermis – Commonly known as a wart Verruca • Verruca vulgaris – Common wart on face, elbow, fingers, or hands • Plantar warts – Singly or in clusters on the sole of the foot • Venereal warts – Transmitted by sexual contact • Seborrheic warts – Seen in the elderly on the face, neck, chest, or upper back DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES, TREATMENTS AND PROCEDURES Integumentary System Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Allergy testing – Various procedures used to identify specific allergens in an individual by exposing the person to a very small quantity of the allergen • Cautery – Heat or caustic substances that burn and scar the skin Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Cryosurgery – Noninvasive treatment that uses subfreezing temperature to freeze and destroy tissue • Curettage and electrodesiccation – Scraping away of abnormal tissue, followed by destroying the tumor base with a low-voltage electrode Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Debridement – Removal of debris, foreign objects, and damaged or necrotic tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and promote healing • Dermabrasion – Removal of the epidermis and a portion of the dermis with sandpaper or brushes in order to eliminate superficial scars of unwanted tattoos Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Dermatoplasty – Skin transplantation to a body surface damaged by injury or disease • Electrodesiccation – Technique using an electrical spark to burn and destroy tissue – Also known as fulguration Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Electrosurgery – Removal or destruction of tissue with an electrical current • Escharotomy – Incision made into the necrotic tissue resulting from a severe burn Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Liposuction – Aspiration of fat through a suction cannula or curette to alter the body contours • Skin biopsy – Removal of a small piece of tissue from skin lesions for examination under a microscope to confirm or establish a diagnosis Diagnostic Techniques, Treatments, and Procedures • Skin graft – Process of placing tissue on a recipient site, taken from a donor site, in order to provide the protective mechanisms of skin to an area unable to regenerate skin • Wood’s lamp – Ultraviolet light that is used to examine the scalp and skin for the purpose of observing fungal spores