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Getting Your Child Ready for Reading and Writing The followingg are milestones in your y child’s development of reading and writing skills. skills How Reading Develops 8 months to 1 year y Looks at ppictures in books for a short time when you name them. y Likes to hear you tell and read stories. 1-2 years Makes sounds when lookingg at pictures p in books. y Makes a es sou soundss o or ssings gs aalong o g with w t songs so gs and rhymes. y Points or touches pictures in books when you name them. y Turns pages in a book; may turn more than one page at a time. y 1-2 years (cont (cont’d) d) Listens to simple p stories for a short time. y Starts to name colorful pictures in books. y 2-3 years y y y y Knows that words have meaning and are used for different reasons. Starts to name black and d white hi pictures. i Points to and names many common pictures in books. Enjoys rhymes. rhymes 2-3 years (cont (cont’d) d) y y y y Enjoys j y havingg favorite books read over and over again. Likes to listen to books that repeat words d and d phrases. h Starts to sit alone and look at books. books Turns pages one at a time. time 2-3 years (cont (cont’d) d) y y y y Know that books have a front and back. Kno s how Knows ho to open o en and hold books. Know the direction of words in books – left to right. Listens and enjoys when you read for 515 minutes. minutes 3-4 years Recognizes g and mayy sayy familiar words, like restaurant signs, names on cereal boxes and street signs. g y Pretends to read books by: holdingg the book turning the pages y g some words saying y Says some of the words in a story or book. book y 3-4 years (cont (cont’d) d) y Recognizes g and mayy sayy words that rhyme y (bat-cat, fun-run) and words that begin with the same sound ((big, g boy, y ball). ) 4-5 years y Says y rhyming y g words and words that begin with the same sound. y Understands that you are reading words and not just talking about pictures in books. 4-5 years (cont (cont’d) d) y Recognizes g where words start and stop by pointing to spaces between words. y Pretends to read a book by telling the story from memory. memory 5-6 years y Realizes that words can be broken into smaller parts, like ba-by, cup-cake, rainbow, or counts syllables in a word. y Names printed letters in the alphabet f from A to Z and d numbers b ffrom 1 to 10. 10 y May know that letters have sounds and may know the sound that some letters make k lik like bbuh h ffor B and d sss for f S. S 5-6 years (cont (cont’d) d) Says y first sounds in spoken p words, like ball begins with b sound. y Begins eg s to po pointt to specific spec c letters ette s on o a page. y May read some unfamiliar words. words y How Writing Develops 1-2 years y Holds a large g marker or crayon. y y May scribble, scribble especially when you are writing too. 2-3 years y Writes byy drawingg and scribbling. g y Scribbles using wavy lines and circles. circles 3-5 years y y y Starts to scribble letters, numbers or pretend letters , wavy lines and squiggles. Prints some large uppercase letters l like lik A, B,C. Know that drawing and writing are different. 3-5 years (cont (cont’d) d) y Copies p simple p lines, shapes or crosses. y Know that people write for a reason. y Writes one letter or word to stand for a whole sentence or idea. id 3-5 years (cont (cont’d) d) y Prints first name, some letters of the alphabet and numbers. y Writes letters in no set order like A, z, E, u x, u, x R. R 5-6 years Uses one to three letters to spell p words, like p for purple, tn for train, or pte for p pretty. y y Spells words as they sounds like letl for g for eagle. g little and egl y Babies and Toddlers: Reading and Writing Tips y Talk to yyour child about objects j in the room, people and what you are doing. a g gets you your child c ready ea y to read ea and a Talking write. y Repeat the sounds your child makes, like dada baba. dada, baba Add more sounds and words. words y Tell your child stories. stories Babies and Toddlers (cont (cont’d) d) y Read to your child whenever h you can. Read picture books with sounds and rhymes. rhymes y Read food boxes and words on T.V. Look at magazines together. y Read your child’s favorite books over and over again. again Babies and Toddlers (cont (cont’d) d) y Give yyour child crayons, y markers, and paper for scribbling and drawing. y Point to words and pictures as you read. y Teach new words during special times like holidays or visits to places like the zoo. zoo Preschool (3 (3--5 years) Reading Tips y Talk about what you are going to do, what you are doingg and what you y did. Talking helps your child learn the words for readingg and writing. g y Show your child printed words that are all around you, like street signs, cereal boxes and restaurant signs. signs Preschool Reading Tips (cont’d) (cont d) y Go to the library and help your child pick out books. y Hang alphabet letters where your child can see them. Name the letters and ask your child to sayy them too. y Sing songs and read books that have rhymes. Preschool Reading Tips (cont’d) (cont d) y Talk about the books newspapers and magazines you are reading. y Talk about looking for a phone number, following a recipe, reading board game rules, or reading text messages. messages When you are reading with your child: y Point to words. y Talk about the printed words like “this word starts with a “p” and this one ends with a “p” p . y Ask yyour child qquestions. Ask about what just happened and what g happen pp next. might Preschool Reading Tips (cont’d) (cont d) y Read R d diff different types off books like fairy tales, nursery rhymes, alphabet books,, ppicture books and poems. y Read books that repeat p words and phrases. y Playy gguessingg games g with sounds and words like “I’m thinking of a word that begins with “b”, can you think of one? one?” Preschool (3 (3--5) Writing Tips y Give your child Gi hild pencils, il crayons, markers, sidewalk chalk, paints, paper, magnetic g letters,, or wooden blocks with letters. Let your child have time every day to scribble, draw or write. write y Show your child how you sign your name, name write thank-you notes, send text messages, emails, write out grocery lists and pay bills. Preschool Writing Tips (cont’d) (cont d) y Help your child with skills needed for writing. w t g. Artt activities, act v t es, puzzles pu es and a bead bea stringing can help with coordination. y Write your child’s name on pictures and drawings Say the letters out loud drawings. loud. Preschool Writing Tips (cont’d) (cont d) y Ask your child to tell a story about a drawing. aw g. Write te the t e words, wo s, or o ask as your you child to write the words. Don’t worry about spelling. p g Getting Help for Your Child All children learn to talk, understand, read aand write w te at different e e t times. t es. A speechspeec language pathologist, also called an SLP, p if yyou anyy qquestions or concerns. can help How to Find a Qualified SLP Aq qualified SLP has the Certificate of Clinical Competence (CCC) from the American Speech p Language g g Hearingg Association (ASHA). Visit www.asha.org/findpro/ to find an ASHA certified SLP near you. you ASHA appreciates the assistance of Froma P. Roth, PhD, CCC-SLP in developing this content.