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Mouth (oral cavity) Esophagus Pharynx Stomach Duodenum Jejunum Small intestine Ileum Anus Transverse colon Descending colon Ascending colon Large Cecum intestine Sigmoid colon Rectum Vermiform appendix Anal canal Soft palate Uvula Hard palate Oral cavity Tongue Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Esophagus Intrinsic nerve plexuses • Myenteric nerve plexus • Submucosal nerve plexus Glands in submucosa Mucosa • Epithelium • Lamina propria • Muscularis mucosae Submucosa Muscularis externa • Longitudinal muscle • Circular muscle Serosa • Epithelium • Connective tissue Lumen Gland in mucosa Duct of gland outside alimentary canal Cardia Fundus Esophagus Muscularis externa • Longitudinal layer • Circular layer • Oblique layer Lesser curvature Lumen Rugae of mucosa Greater curvature Duodenum Pyloric sphincter (valve) at pylorus Duodenum Jejunum Small intestine Ileum Transverse colon Epiploic appendages Descending colon Haustrum Ascending colon IIeum Teniae coli IIeocecal valve Cecum Vermiform appendix Sigmoid colon Rectum Anal canal External anal sphincter Tongue Parotid gland Sublingual gland Salivary Submandibular glands gland Pancreas Liver Gallbladder Gingivae (gums) Upper lip Superior labial frenulum Hard palate Soft palate Uvula Posterior wall of oropharynx Tongue Lingual frenulum Vestibule Lower lip Gingivae (gums) Inferior labial frenulum Enamel Crown Neck Dentin Pulp cavity (contains blood vessels and nerves) Gingiva (gum) Cementum Root Root canal Periodontal ligament Tongue Teeth Parotid gland Ducts of sublingual gland Parotid duct Sublingual gland Submandibular gland Submandibular duct Right and left hepatic ducts of liver Cystic duct Common hepatic duct Bile duct and sphincter Liver Gallbladder Major duodenal papilla Hepatopancreatic ampulla and sphincter Tail of pancreas Pancreas Jejunum Duodenum Main pancreatic duct and sphincter Head of pancreas Figure 23.21
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