Download Ophth Terminology Common Eye Disorders_Hostetter_2h

2/6/2017
Ophthalmic Terminology &
Common Eye Disorders:
truly a visual experience
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Ophthalmic Terminology
Anterior Segment Form & Function
Common Anterior Segment Disease
Refractive Conditions
Posterior Segment Anatomy & Common Diseases
Todd A. Hostetter, COMT, CRA, FCLSA
[email protected]
Ophthalmic Terminology
GREEK
LATIN
• Root Words of Bodily Concepts
– Disease
“haemat-, hemat (hem)”
“angi(o) vascul-, vas-”
“ophthalm(o)ocul(o)-”
“blephar(o)cili-, palpebr-”
Ophthalmic Terminology
GREEK
LATIN
• Root Words of Size & Shape
– big
– equal
– FALSE
– new
– Normal
mega-, megal(o)is(o)pseud(o)ne(o)orth(o)-
GREEK
LATIN
• Root Words of Color
“-pathy”
• Root of Body Parts
– blood
– blood vessel
– eye
– eyelid
Ophthalmic Terminology
– black
– blue
– red
– white
– yellow
melancyanerythr(o)-, rhod(o)leuc-, leukxanth-
atr-, nigrcerulerub-, rubralb-, cand
flav-
Ophthalmic Terminology
GREEK
LATIN
• Prefixes of Quanity
magn(i)
equ(i)fals(i)nov(i)rect(i)-
– half
hemi– many, much poly-
semi
multi-
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Ophthalmic Terminology
• Eye Examination Abbreviations
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AC
ALT
C/D
CF
FB
ISNT
NLP
RPE
Anterior Segment Form & Function
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Lids
Bulbar Conjunctiva
Palpebral Conjunctiva
Pre-Corneal Tear Film
Ocular Adnexae
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Ophthalmic Terminology
Anterior Segment Form & Function
Common Anterior Segment Disease
Refractive Conditions
Posterior Segment Anatomy & Common Diseases
Anterior Segment Form & Function
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Corneal Epithelium
Bowman’s Membrane
Corneal Stroma
Corneal Endothelium
Form & Function
• Eyelid Anatomy:
– skin; muscles; glands & tarsal plate; palpebral
conjunctiva
• Eyelid Function:
– PROTECTION
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Form & Function
Conjunctiva
• Conjunctiva Anatomy:
– palpebral; bulbar
• Conjunctiva Function:
– PROTECTION; COVERS EYE
Limbus
Bulbar
Palpebral
(underside of lids)
Form & Function
• Lacrimal Apparatus Anatomy:
– lacrimal gland; canaliculus; lacrimal sac; nasolacrimal duct
• Lacrimal Apparatus Function:
– PROTECTION
Pre-Corneal Tear Film
Form & Function
• Tear Film Anatomy:
– oily (lipid) layer; aqueous (water) layer; mucoid
layer
• Tear Film Function:
– PROTECTION; OPTICAL SURFACE
Form & Function
• Cornea Anatomy:
Oily Layer
Water Layer
– Epithelium, Bowman's membrane; Stroma;
Descemet's membrane; Endothelium
• Cornea Function:
– TRANSMITS & FOCUSES LIGHT RAYS
Mucous Layer
Cornea
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Cornea
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Ophthalmic Terminology
Anterior Segment Form & Function
Common Anterior Segment Disease
Refractive Conditions
Posterior Segment Anatomy & Common Diseases
Common Ant Seg Eye Disease
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External Eyelid
Congenital & Heriditary
Trauma
Inflammatory
Infectious
Chronic and Age-Related
Lid Margin Cyst
Conjunctivitis
Palpebral Conjunctiva
+4 GPC
Vernal
Follicles
Papillae
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Palpebral Conjunctiva
Bulbar Conjunctiva
Follicles
2 Large Papillae
Bulbar Conjunctiva
Pre-Corneal Tear Film
Normal Meniscus
Pterygium
Pre-Corneal Tear Film
Corneal Epithelium
Moderate Stain
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Corneal Epithelium
Corneal Epithelium
SEAL
(Superior Epithelial Arcuate Lesion)
Bowman’s Membrane
Corneal Stroma
Deep Neo
Band Keratopathy
Keratoconus
Corneal Endothelium
Entropion
Blepharitis
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Corneal Endothelium
Corneal Endothelium
Guttata
Iris - Anterior Chamber – Pupil - Sclera
PXE Syndrome
Anterior Segment OCT
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Iris Atrophy
Pigment Dispersion Syndrome
Pigment Dispersion Syndrome
Blood in Angle
Posterior Bowing of Iris
Pupils
Anisocoria
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Pupils
Enlarged Episcleral Veins
Refractive Status
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Ophthalmic Terminology
Anterior Segment Form & Function
Common Anterior Segment Disease
Refractive Conditions
Posterior Segment Anatomy & Common Diseases
Refractive Status
Astigmatism
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Astigmatism
Presbyopia
CRT
Lens Presentation after 1 Night
Refractive Surgery
CRTTM
Off-Center Temporally, Poor Tx Zone Size
(Red circle depicts 5mm zone)
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Posterior Segment Anatomy
& Common Diseases
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Ophthalmic Terminology
Anterior Segment Form & Function
Common Anterior Segment Disease
Refractive Conditions
Posterior Segment Anatomy & Common Diseases
• Normal
• Diabetic Retinopathy
• Hypertensive Retinopathy & Vascular
Occlusive Disease
• Glaucoma & ON Disease
• Epi-Retinal Membrane
• AMD
• Other Retinal Disease
Posterior Segment Anatomy
& Common Diseases
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Normal Retina
Congenital & Heriditary
Trauma
Inflammatory
Infectious
Chronic and Age-Related
“Inner” & “Outer” Retina
Ganglion
Cell
INL
Nerve Fiber
Layer
ONL (PR)
Retinal
Pigment
Epithelium
(RPE)
IPL
OPL
OS
Choroid
RPE
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RNFL
Ganglion Cell
Photoreceptors
RPE
Healthy Macula
NFL
ILM
ELM
NFL: Nerve Fiber Layer
ILM: Inner Limiting Membrane
GCL: Ganglion Cell Layer
IPL: Inner Plexiform Layer
INL: Inner Nuclear Layer
GCL
IS
IPL
IS/OS
OPL: Outer Plexiform Layer
ONL: Outer Nuclear Layer
ELM: External limiting membrane
IS: Photoreceptor Inner Segment
OS
INL
RPE
OPL
ONL
Choroid
IS/OS: Junction of inner and outer
photoreceptor segments
OS: Photoreceptor Outer Segment
RPE: Retinal Pigment Epithelium
24-2 overlay
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Common Post Seg Eye Disease
• Normal
• Diabetic Retinopathy
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Common Post Seg Eye Disease
• Normal
• Diabetic Retinopathy
• Hypertensive Retinopathy & Vascular
Occlusive Disease
CRVO
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Common Post Seg Eye Disease
• Normal
• Diabetic Retinopathy
• Hypertensive Retinopathy & Vascular
Occlusive Disease
• Glaucoma & ON Disease
RNFL
Ganglion Cell
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Photoreceptors
RNFL - like a box of Spaghetti
Light >> photoreceptor >> bi-polar cell >> ganglion cell >> axon/RNFL
Understanding the
Structure / Function Relationship
in Glaucoma
VF
• Visual Field changes
occur late in the
disease
• The Optic Disc often
changes before visual
fields
Early
% Loss
RPE
Moderate
• The RNFL usually
changes before both
the visual field and
optic disc
Severe
Time
Adapted from Professor Robert N. Weinreb, MD
Hamilton Glaucoma Center, University California
San Diego
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1.77 = ave
Both patients have unilateral disease
Optic Nerve Drusen
Elevated Nerve
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Common Post Seg Eye Disease
• Normal
• Diabetic Retinopathy
• Hypertensive Retinopathy & Vascular
Occlusive Disease
• Glaucoma & ON Disease
• Epi-Retinal Membrane
Epiretinal Membrane
Epiretinal Membrane with CME
Common Post Seg Eye Disease
• Normal
• Diabetic Retinopathy
• Hypertensive Retinopathy & Vascular
Occlusive Disease
• Glaucoma & ON Disease
• Epi-Retinal Membrane
• AMD
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Dry ARMD, Macular Drusen
Wet ARMD, CME, Serous Fluid
Common Post Seg Eye Disease
• Normal
• Diabetic Retinopathy
• Hypertensive Retinopathy & Vascular
Occlusive Disease
• Glaucoma & ON Disease
• Epi-Retinal Membrane
• AMD
• Other Retinal Disease
CSCR
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Stratus OCT
PED
PED SRF
- No detail below heme
- Steep angle of separation
PVD
Vitreo Macular Traction (VMT)
Flashes, Floaters & RD
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Peripapillary Atrophy
Flashes, Floaters & RD
Lamellar Macular Hole
Macular Hole: Stage IV
Stratus OCT™
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Choroidal Melanomas
Thank You
Todd A. Hostetter, COMT, CRA, FCLSA
[email protected]
EyeDoctorsResource.com
717-492-0215
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