Download Session 3 – The Big Bang Pt.2

Session 3 – Big Bang Theory Pt.2
In this session we will continue our
examination of the Big Bang theory
and looking at problems associated
with the model
Keep in mind, we can only cover a portion
of the material out there! There is always
more that you can study on this topic
The cosmic microwave background
radiation (CMBR)
One observation every cosmological
model must be able to explain is the
CMBR of our universe
This is the temperature of space itself
which is very uniform at 2.725 degrees
Kelvin, which is pretty darn cold when you
convert it to Fahrenheit; it comes out to 454.765 degrees F
This background radiations (which was
accidently found) is theorized (by the Big
Bang) to not be from any source, but
remnant from the Big Bang itself
The Big Bang
did predict this
remnant
energy would
exist if it were
true
The predictions made by big bang advocates
ranged from 3k (which is fairly close to the
actual temperature) all the way to 50k
(which is dramatically off.)
Keep in mind, it is possible that the CMBR is
actually caused by a local phenomenon,
but we can give this one to them – This was
a prediction that the Big Bang made that
came true (but that’s not the end of the
story when it comes to the CMBR)
The CMBR is terribly uniform throughout
the entire universe, and the Big Bang
model has not had enough time to
cause the uniformity
This is caused the
horizon problem
and is the light
time travel
problem for the
Big Bang
Formation of galaxies and stars
The theories behind stellar evolution and
the life cycles of stars is far to detailed to
go into here
We will look at a few problems with the
ideas, not only pointed out be creationists
who reject the Big Bang, but by secular
scientists themselves
Star formation
The big bang
tries to
explain the
formation,
and evolution
of the
different stars
we see in the
universe
The current estimate (although near
impossible to tell) for the number of stars is
one quintillion (1,000,000,000,000,000,000)
The Big Bang says stars are born in nebula
(gas clouds) in outer space and from there
(depending on factors like size) have a life
cycle that they play out over the next
billions of years
The problem we are presented with in
astronomy is the astronomical time frames
we are dealing with that make it impossible
to ever observe anything like this
Some young earth creation cosmologies do
use similar models of stellar evolution to
explain the types of stars, while some say
God created a variety and that’s it
Possible problems with star formation
There are some problems with getting the
initial phase of star formation going
Gas clouds don’t naturally condense
together without something to get that
motion and condensing started
Some say supernovas can do the job, but
then we have the chicken and the egg
problem of which happens first
Galaxy formation in the Big Bang
The problem with galaxies forming in the
Big Bang is… the simply shouldn’t have
Look what secular astronomers say:
Dr. James Trefil, professor of physics at
George Mason University, believes in the big
bang theory, but he also admits that there
are some problems associated with it:
“There shouldn’t be galaxies out there at
all, and even if there are galaxies, they
shouldn’t be grouped together the way they
are… The problem of explaining the
existence of galaxies has proved to be one
of the thorniest in cosmology. By all rights,
they just shouldn’t be there, yet there they
sit. It’s hard to convey the depth of the
frustration that this simple fact induces
among scientists.”
The problem is the Big Bang would create a
completely equal and smooth universe and
distribution of mass/energy
Dr. Danny Faulkner : "The cosmology popular
today supposes that early in the universe
large clouds of gas began to form. These
clouds were millions of light years across and
slowly condensed to form galaxies. It is
recognized that a perfectly smooth Big Bang
cannot give rise to these structures”
Summing up the problem for star
and galaxy formation
Dr. Donald Young“ No natural way has
been found to explain the formation of
planets, stars, and galaxies. An explosion
should produce, at best, an outward spray
of gas and radiation. This gas should
continue expanding, not form intricate
planets, stars, and entire galaxies.”
Big Bang Black Hole
Dr. Russell Humphrey: “In the alleged big
bang's beginning, he said (referencing
someone else), the intense gravity from all
that concentrated matter would cause it to be
deep in a black hole, out of which the matter
should not be able to emerge. Back-ofenvelope calculations supported his point. If
our understanding of the implications of the
big bang were right, it could never happen!”
Antimatter and the Big Bang
The atom is the smallest building block
of the universe and consists of three
different parts
Protons - The part of
an atom that is
positively charged and
exists in the nucleus
Neutrons - The part of an atom that is
neutrally charged and exists in the nucleus
Electrons - The part of an atom that is
negatively charged and outside the nucleus
In particle physics, antimatter is the
concept of the antiparticle to matter,
where antimatter is composed of
antiparticles in the same way that normal
matter is composed of particles.
For example, in a
standard atom the
electrons are
negatively
charged, in a atom
of antimatter
however we have
what is called a
positron, which is
a positively charge
electron.
Now the atom still has
to be neutral so what
else has to happen in
antimatter?
The protons, which in normal atom is
positively charged becomes an antiproton
in antimatter which is a negatively
charged proton.
Positron – An electron with a positive charge
Antiproton – A proton with a negative charge
Nine atoms of antihydrogen were actually
created in the lab for the first time in 1995.
The modern day theory of antimatter began
in 1928 with a paper by Paul Dirac, however
the term “antimatter” was coined back in
1898 in two letters written to Nature
by Arthur Schuster.
When matter is created by means of energy
like the Big Bang proposes there should be
an equal amount of matter and antimatter
that is generated
The problem is that there has been very
little antimatter found in the universe.
Almost all of the matter in the universe is
normal matter. This problem has been
coined the “Baryon number problem.”
Dr. Jason Lisle “experimental physics tells
us that whenever matter is created
from energy, such a reaction also
produces antimatter”
The first problem that the idea of
antimatter presents to the Big Bang is
there is no nearly enough if all matter
came from energy during the Big Bang,
but that’s not the only problem
If there were equal
amount created from
the energy of the Big
Bang, when they
come in contact with
each other, they
“explode” and turn
back into energy (this
would be a never
ending cycle)
Antimatter casts
doubt on the Big
Bang model of the
universe
Monopoles and the Big Bang
Magnet - An object that generates
a magnetic field
As everyone
knows, magnets
have two sides
to them (North
Pole and South
Pole)
What happens when you take a magnet and
cut it right down the middle where the
division between north and south is?
You get two
magnets that
both have a north
pole and a south
pole on them!
You can’t get just
one or the other
Monopole – A magnet that only has one pole, and is either North or South, but not both
atleast you cannot normally get just a north
or just a south pole
There are certain conditions that can create
a one sided magnet (called a Monopole)
Monopole – A
magnet that only
has one pole, and is
either North or
South, but not both
The conditions for creating these
monopoles would have been present at
the time of the Big Bang
What’s the problem? The Big Bang should
have created these magnetic monopoles
(many of them) but we can’t find (or
detect) any in our universe
They keep saying we’ve almost found
them though, however that works
Dr. Jason Lisle: “Particle physicists claim that
the high temperature conditions of the big
bang should have created magnetic
monopoles. Since monopoles are predicted
to be stable, they should have lasted to this
day. Yet, despite considerable searching,
monopoles have not been found. Where are
the monopoles? The fact that we don’t find
any monopoles strongly suggests that the
universe never was that hot. This indicates
that there never was a big bang.”
Population III stars and the Big Bang
At the supposed beginning of the Big Bang,
the Big Bang would have only been able to
created Hydrogen (the lightest element)
and helium (the second lightest element)
All other elements according to the theory
come about through nuclear fusion in the
cores of stars (and supernova explosions)
The amount of metals (anything above
hydrogen, helium) gives us a classification
for the star
Population I star - A star which contains
large amount of heavy elements
Population II star - A star which contains
medium amounts of heavy elements
Population III star - A star which contains
no heavy elements
Population III stars
that have very little
to no metals in
them would be the
first groups of stars
created in our
universe (nothing
but hydrogen and
helium) and should
still be around
Problem? We can’t
find any population III
stars in our universe
Dr. Danny Faulkner:
“Since current cosmological theories
demand that the universe began with a
composition entirely of hydrogen and
helium, it is believed that the very first
generation of stars should have had no
metals. Such a primordial generation has
been dubbed population III, and a vigorous
but unsuccessful search for these stars has
been conducted.”
The Big Bang savior: Inflation
The inflationary Big Bang model was first
proposed by Alan Guth
Inflation is the
theorized extremely
rapid expansion of
the early universe,
on the lines of a
thousand billion
billion billion fold.
Inflation is said to solve the monopole
problem, the horizon problem, and more
The Bible does mention an inflation type
scenario with God stretching out the
heavens, but we would equate that with
the accelerated expansion of the universe,
not inflation theory
There are different theories on inflation
that we don’t have time to discuss
The two main problems with inflation
No one knows how to get it started
There are ideas on how it might have
occurred (the dividing of different
fundamental forces in nature), but as of
now there is no provable way to get
inflation to happen when the universe
comes into existence
Others question if the universe is allowed to
inflate faster than the speed of light (which
it would have, billions of times faster)
The second problem is similar: No one
knows how to stop it once it’s going
What’s the shut off mechanism on this
thing? And why once it shuts off does the
universe continue expanding in an
accelerated rate?
Memory Verse
Deuteronomy 10:14: “Behold, to
the LORD your God belong heaven and
the heaven of heavens, the earth with
all that is in it.”