Download The Evolution of Societies

Politics and the Economy
Chapter 11
Chapter Overview
I.
II.
III.
Introductory “Quiz”
Why are the two lumped together?
Politics
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
IV.
Background
Max Weber
Types of Government
Politics in the U.S.
Theoretical Perspectives
Economics
A.
B.
C.
The Evolution of Societies
Major Economic Systems
Corporate Capitalism
I. Introductory “Quiz”
1. The government claims a
monopoly on the legitimate use of
force or violence and claims the
right to punish anyone else who
uses force or violence.
True
2. Even with industrialization,
some forms of traditional
authority go unchallenged.
True
3. Rational-legal authority is
based on what a few people
think is right and then they
manipulate the law to serve
their purposes.
False
4. The idea of universal
citizenship (every citizen having
the same basic rights) caught
on quickly in America.
False
5. Most political action
committees (PACs) represent
broad social interests such as
environmental protection.
False
6.Hunting and gathering
societies had no
socioeconomic stratification.
True
7. The highest fifth of
Americans earned 47% of all
the income in the U.S.
True
8. The United States is an
example of pure capitalism.
False
9. The systems we know as
capitalism and socialism are
getting more and more similar
and may someday merge
completely.
True.
10. Some sociologists believe
that the merging of national
boundaries by multinational
corporations will cause world
peace.
True
Chapter Overview
I.
II.
III.
Introductory “Quiz”
Why are the two lumped together?
Politics
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
IV.
Background
Max Weber
Types of Government
Politics in the U.S.
Theoretical Perspectives
Economics
A.
B.
C.
The Evolution of Societies
Major Economic Systems
Corporate Capitalism
II. Why are the two lumped
together?
III. Politics
A. Background
1. Authority
2. Coercion
3. Legitimate Violence
B. Max Weber: Types of Authority
1. Traditional
2. Rational-legal (aka bureaucratic
authority)
3. Charismatic
B. Max Weber: Types of Authority
1. Traditional
2. Rational-legal (aka bureaucratic
authority)
3. Charismatic
B. Max Weber: Types of Authority
1. Traditional
2. Rational-legal (aka bureaucratic
authority)
3. Charismatic
B. Max Weber: Types of Authority
1. Traditional
2. Rational-legal (aka bureaucratic
authority)
3. Charismatic
C. Types of Government
1. Monarchy
2. Democracy
3. Dictatorships & Oligarchies
C. Types of Government
1. Monarchy
2. Democracy
3. Dictatorships & Oligarchies
C. Types of Government
1. Monarchy
2. Democracy
3. Dictatorships & Oligarchies
C. Types of Government
1. Monarchy
2. Democracy
3. Dictatorships & Oligarchies
D. Politics in the U.S.
1. Political Parties:
How Americans Identify With Political Parties
2. Voter Turnout
a. socially integrated
b. greater stake
Voters of the 1996 Presidential Election
Who Votes in a Presidential Election?
3. Lobbyists and Special-Interest
Groups, e.g., Political Action
Committees (PACs)
Number of PACs, 1976-1994
E. Theoretical Perspectives
1. Functionalists
a. No one group holds the power
b. Competing interest groups
function to balance power
2. Conflict theorists focus on top
level of power
Power in the United States: The
Model Proposed by C. Wright Mills
Y.J.U.: The American political system
really is an oligarchy.
IV. Economics
A. The Evolution of Societies
1. Hunting and gathering
Change from Prior Society
Economic
Characteristics
Hunting game, gathering
roots and berries
Control of Surplus
None
Inheritance
None
Control over
Procreation
None
Women’s Status
Relative equality
2. Pastoral and Horticultural
Change from
Prior Society
Use of hand tools, such as
digging stick and hoe
Economic
Characteristics
Planting crops, domestication
Control of Surplus
Men begin to control societies
Inheritance
Shared– patrilineal and
matrilineal
Control over
Procreation
Increasingly by men
of animals for food
Women’s Status Decreasing in move to pastoralism
3. Agricultural societies
Change from
Prior Society
Use of animal-drawn plows and
equipment
Economic
Characteristics
Labor-intensive farming
Control of Surplus
Men who own land or herds
Inheritance
Patrilineal
Control over
Procreation
Men—to ensure legitimacy of heirs
Women’s Status
Low
4. Industrial
Change from
Prior Society
Invention of steam engine
Economic
Characteristics
Mechanized production of goods
Control of Surplus
Men who own means of production
Inheritance
Patrilineal
Control over
Procreation
Men—but less so in later stages
Women’s Status
Low
5. Postindustrial
Each new
revolution
Social Inequality
because some people
accumulate
more than others
Surplus
More trade
B. Major Economic Systems
1. A lesson on “Isms”
2. Major economic systems
B. Major Economic Systems
1. A lesson on “Isms”
2. Major economic systems
Socialism: You have two cows. Give one
cow to your neighbor.
Communism: You have two cows. Give
both cows to the government, and they
may give you some of the milk.
Fascism: You have two cows. You give all
of the milk to the government, and the
government sells it.
(a complete dictatorship)
Nazism: You have two cows. The
government shoots you and takes
both cows.
Anarchism: You have two cows. Keep
both of the cows, shoot the
government agent and steal
another cow.
Capitalism: You have two cows. Sell
one cow and buy a bull.
Surrealism: You have two giraffes.
The government makes you take
harmonica lessons.
B. Major Economic Systems
1. A lesson on “Isms”
2. Major economic systems
B. Major Economic Systems
1. Capitalism
2. Socialism
3. Adherents of each develop ideologies
that defend their own system and
condemn the other
4. Convergence theory
C. Corporate Capitalism
1. The belief that giant corporations dominate
2.
3.
4.
5.
capitalism
Goal = profit
The goal removes allegiance from any
particular nation
New technology => capitalism’s global
expansion
Current trend for larger political unions
may cause a world political order.
Conclusion: Corporate Capitalism
may cause world peace!
Y.J.U.: Corporate Capitalism
will cause world peace!