Download Segment Study Guide

Module One
Questions to answer:
How is the study of human geography relevant to everyday life and decision making?
Through what lens do geographers view the world, and what skills are needed to develop that lens?
What tools do geographers use in the practice of their craft?
What is spatial perspective, and how can it be applied to better understand phenomena and places on
Earth?
How do maps represent different perspectives of Earth?
Why are some map types more effective than others at representing specific information about Earth?
What themes do geographers use to explain and analyze phenomena and places on Earth?
What makes a place unique?
What makes some places more desirable than others?
Is geography destiny? How does the environment impact societies?
How do people's actions affect the environment in which they live?
Why is human geography a relevant field of study?
Why are different places similar?
Respond to or able to do:
Define human geography
Distinguish between geography and human geography
Understand the evolution of the field of human geography
Identify key questions that human geographers seek to answer
Understand the purpose of maps
Define cartography
Understand cartographic history
Recognize how mapping has evolved over time with the development of contemporary tools
Identify the basic parts of maps
Identify the types of map projections and their limitations
Recognize the various types of maps and their purposes
Understand cartography as a dynamic field
Identify basic elements of map reading and apply them to reading a map
Identify the significance of elements included in and omitted from maps
Recognize the cultural perspectives or biases reflected in maps
Analyze perspective and bias of cartographers in map design
Identify spatial patterns portrayed on a map and infer their meaning
Understand the use of the spatial perspective in geography
Identify the five themes of geography
Understand the importance of GPS technology on modern human geography
Demonstrate understanding of spatial perspective
Understand how to determine absolute location
Understand relative location
Distinguish between absolute and relative location
Identify physical characteristics of place
Identify human characteristics of place
Analyze decisions to live in specific places
Identify types of regions
Understand human classifications of regions
Analyze characteristics of regions
Compare and contrast regions
Understand the relationships between people and their environments
Recognize how environmental factors affect cultures
Identify reasons why geographers study movement
Define and distinguish between push and pull factors of migration
Categorize and describe different types of migration
Explain reasons for the movement of goods and services
Identify the role of movement in pandemics
Define cultural diffusion
Identify the different types of diffusion patterns
Analyze the impact of globalization on culture
Vocabulary to know:
Geography, Spatial Perspective, Spatial Organization, Alexander von Humboldt, Carl Ritter,
Environmental Determinism, Carl Sauer, Cartography, Remote sensing, Geographic Information Systems,
Global Positioning Systems, Simplification, Compass rose, Scale, Troponins, Projection, Cardinal
directions, Intermediate directions, reference maps, thematic maps, cognitive maps, physical features,
human features, culture, satire, space-time compression, map scale, relative scale, scale of analysis,
absolute location, meridians, parallels, longitude, latitude, relative location, trilateration, ecumene, nonecumene, elevation, arable land, subsistence farming, regions, culture region, formal region, functional
region, perceptual region, environmental perspective, possibilism, desertification, movement, distance
decay, migration, push-pull factors, emigrant, migrant, immigrant, megacities, pandemic, transnational,
diffusion, hearth, relocation diffusion, expansion diffusion, hierarchical diffusion, contagious diffusion,
stimulus diffusion, and industrial revolution.
Module Two
Questions to answer:
Why does population growth matter to societies?
How do geographer’s measure, track, and predict population change?
Why are some areas of the world more desirable places to live than others?
What impact do population trends, such as population growth or population distribution, have on
regions?
Is geography destiny?
What causes populations to grow, decline, or remain steady?
How have different societies responded to issues regarding population growth?
Why is population growth an issue that matters to societies?
Respond to or be able to:
Explain why human geographers study population growth
Describe how to measure population density
Identify possible impacts of high population density on the environment
Analyze population distribution
Recognize how population distribution affects people’s lives
Identify and understand measurements of populations
Explain how measurements of population are used to analyze trends
Analyze population data using population pyramids
Interpret characteristics and patterns of population using population pyramids
Construct population pyramids from basic data
Describe theories of population growth
Apply the theories of population trend analysis
Recognize that a country's population growth does not always fit a clear model
Identify the exceptions to the demographic transition model
Identify and understand historic population trends and government reactions to them
Identify government policies that serve to promote or limit population growth
Recognize the connection between population distribution and density and arable land
Identify Earth locations in which natural disasters are likely to occur
Analyze maps and draw conclusions about the effect of natural disasters on a particular location
Link location and natural hazards to population and events of the past, present, and possible future
Vocabulary:
Demography, demographic, population density, arithmetic density, physiological density, agricultural
density, population distribution, crude birth rate, crude death rate, natural increase rate, zero
population growth, total fertility rate, infant mortality rate, life expectancy, literacy rates, GDP per
capita, baby boom, baby bust, population pyramid, cohort, bulge, gaps, dependency ratio, doubling
time, overpopulation, exponential rate, arithmetical rate, neo-Malthusians, Cornucopians, demographic
transition model, agricultural revolution, industrial revolution, negative population growth, natalist
policies, anti-natalist policies, pro-natalist policies, tectonic plates, fault line, epicenter, tsunami, arable
land, silt, flood plain, after shock, storm surge,
Module Three
Questions to answer:
Why do people move?
Who migrates?
What factors might force people to migrate?
Why here?
What characteristics of a region influence migration?
Who moves?
What is it about a region that influences migration?
What are the characteristics of people who migrate?
What factors might force people to migrate?
What role do migrants play in cultural diffusion?
How do migrants affect the regions they enter?
Why do immigrants come to the United States?
How do migrants affect the regions they leave and the regions they enter?
Respond or be able to:
Understand the difference between push and pull factors in the study of voluntary migration
Identify the differences between voluntary and forced migration
Identify current cases of forced migration
Identify Ravenstein's laws of migration and understand how the laws affect why people migrate, who
migrates, and the distance people migrate
Apply Ravenstein's laws of movement and migration to real-life cases
Evaluate how distance affects movement and migration
Understand the basic connectivity concepts: complementarity, transferability, and intervening
opportunities
Apply push and pull factors analysis to real-case scenarios
Understand the different movement patterns: migration, immigration, emigration, step, chain, and
return migration
Distinguish between internal and international migration and identify the terms related to each type of
migration
Identify historical and current migratory movements on a world map
Apply the concepts of complementarity, transferability, and intervening opportunity to present and
future migratory movements
Describe and evaluate the causes and consequences of forced migration
Analyze the differences between historical (slavery) and contemporary (human trafficking, refugees, and
natural disasters) forced migration
Identify global patterns of contemporary forced migration
Identify and apply the concepts of assimilation, acculturation, and cultural diffusion to real cases of
contemporary and historical migration
Evaluate the political, economic, social, and cultural impact of migration for the host country
Identify the historical background of immigration patterns
Recognize the three major migratory waves to the United States
Identify significant U.S. immigration laws
Analyze the changes in the American social fabric as a consequence of immigration and migration
Differentiate between the concepts of “salad bowl” and “melting pot” as applied to the cultural changes
that immigrants brought to the United States
Identify internal migration patterns: rural to urban, South to North, and counter migration—North to
South
Analyze the cultural, social, and economic consequences of these migration patterns
Evaluate the shifting nature or original urban cultural enclaves such as Little Italy, etc.
Vocab:
Migration, migration streams, migration counter-streams, push-pull factors, voluntary migration, forced
migration, refugees, Ravenstein’s law of migration, internal refugee’s, international refugee’s, friction of
distance, migration selectivity, gravity model of migration, ethnic enclaves, distance decay, spatial
interaction, complementarity, transferability, intervening opportunities, immigration, emigration, net
migration, chain migration step migration, return migration, remittance, interregional migration,
intraregional migration, environmental degradation, internal displacement, human trafficking, conflictinduced displacement, internally displaced persons, host country, native country, relocation diffusion,
hearth, acculturation, assimilation, anglo-celtic, hierarchal diffusion, reparations, soviet, brain gain,
brain drain, repatriation, Taliban, undocumented aliens, melting pot theory, salad bowl theory, suburbs,
“white flight”, “bright flight”, gentrification, sun belt, rust belt, bread basket, bible belt, net migration,
counter migration, Jim Crow Laws.
Module Four
Questions to answer:
What is culture?
What makes a place or region unique?
What cultural characteristics make a place or region unique?
Does folk culture or global culture have a stronger influence?
Why are different places similar?
How has globalization shaped world cultures?
How is language a product of place and time?
What role does language play in culture?
Respond to be able to:
understand and identify mentifacts, sociofacts, and artifacts as part of the ideological, sociological, and
technological manifestation of a culture
Understand and identify the different types of regions: formal, functional, and vernacular
Analyze and apply the concepts of culture structure: trait, complex, realm and region, to specific
cultures and real-case scenarios
Locate different cultural regions on a map
Identify and understand the differences between folk and popular culture
Analyze how human cultural manifestations reflect popular and/or folk cultures
Evaluate the global nature of popular culture vs. the regional nature of folk culture
Understand the concepts of cultural diffusion, cultural assimilation, and acculturation
Evaluate how the communication systems such as television and the Internet encourage or hinder
cultural diffusion
Apply these cultural diffusion concepts to real case scenarios
Know and identify on a world map the different language families
Understand the historical diffusion of the major world languages
Evaluate how cultural changes influence languages and vice versa
Understand how social status, age, and education affect language
Analyze the role of language in the transmission of a culture and in the establishments of a mainstream
vs. subculture language
Evaluate and apply the concepts of language and cultural diffusion to the establishment of the English
language in the United States
Understand and analyze the issues of multilingualism and multiculturalism, official language, and global
diffusion of the English language
Understand the role of language in the establishment of a national identity
Vocab:
Artifacts, material culture, sociofacts, mentifacts, non-material culture, cultural traits, cultural complex,
cultural system, cultural region, cultural realm, vernacular region, formal region, functional region, folk
culture, popular culture, folkways, folklore, autonomy, assimilate, mass media, censorship, propaganda,
globalization, homogenous, relocation diffusion, expansion diffusion, hierarchical diffusion, contagious
diffusion, stimulus diffusion, assimilation, acculturation, syncretism, lingua, natural language, official
language, language family, proto-language, daughter language, language isolate, language subfamilies,
family tree, lingua franca, dialects, pidgin, creole, kurgan theory, Anatolian theory, dialects, syntax,
multilingual
Module Five
Questions to answer:
What is the relationship between religion and place?
What is the difference between universalizing and ethnic religions?
Why do some religions become global religions while other religions remain local?
Why does a geographer look at religion when considering human-environment interaction?
How does the environment influence the practice of religion?
How do the principles of a religion influence environmental interaction?
What impact does geography have on religious conflict?
Why do some religions merge with others and other religions fight one another?
To be able to do/respond to:
Identify and understand the difference between ethnic and universalizing religions
Analyze the role of religion in the development of culture and value systems
Apply concepts of religions to specific case studies
Identify and understand the origins of Judaism and its diffusion system
Analyze the diffusion and distribution of Judaism in modern times
Evaluate the global influence of Judaism as an ethnic religion
Identify and understand the origins of Christianity and its diffusion system
Analyze the diffusion and distribution of Christianity in modern times
Evaluate the global influence of Christianity as a universalizing religion
Understand the difference between the different branches of Christianity and how these differences
influence culture
Identify and understand the origins of Islam and its diffusion system
Analyze the diffusion and distribution of Islam in modern times
Evaluate the global influence of Islam as a universalizing religion
Identify and understand the origins of Hinduism and its diffusion system
Analyze the diffusion and distribution of Hinduism in modern times
Evaluate the global influence of Hinduism as an ethnic religion
Identify and understand the origins of Buddhism and its diffusion system
Analyze the diffusion and distribution of Buddhism in modern times
Evaluate the global influence of Buddhism
Identify and understand other current religions, such as Baha’i, Sikhism, Santeria, and Animism (African,
Native American, and Eastern)
Analyze the relevance of these religions in society
Explain how various features of place influence the diffusion of religions
Identify and analyze the cultural landscape created by religion: temples, churches, cemetery, and icons
Analyze the impact of environment on religion
Identify major world religious conflicts: regional and global, interfaith and intrafaith
Analyze the causes and consequences of these conflicts for each region and for the world
Vocab:
Religion, universalizing religions, prophet, ethnic religions, cosmogony, monotheistic religions, ethnoreligious group, nation, ethnic group, point of origin, Jewish Diaspora, diffused, relocation religion,
Abrahamic, proselytizing, missionaries, pilgrims, megachurches, papal, Muslim, hajj, caliph is, theocracy,
fundamentalism, Sharia law, ayatollah, syncretic religions, gurus, henotheistic, Brahman, Vishnu, Shiva,
temples, kharma, dharma, caste, Australasia, Four Noble Truths, ascetic, regions, states, Sikhism,
gurdwaras, Baha’i, Animism, Shamanism, shaman, religious landscape, Shintoism, Taoism, mystical, Ch’I,
ying and yang, feng shui, interfaith, interfaith, branch, denomination, sect, hijab, laicite, old city,
Module Six
Overarching questions to answer:
How do ethnic groups shape the cultural landscape?
What role does geography play in the formation of individual and cultural identity?
What factors impact the migration and distribution of ethnic groups?
Why do some ethnicities become nationalities?
What role does geography play in the formation of individual and cultural identity?
How do gender roles vary according to culture?
How does geography affect the opportunities and life course of different genders?
To be able to do/respond to:
Understand the difference between ethnicity and race
Identify and analyze the importance of internal and external controls in the preservation of ethnic
groups
Understand the concepts of ghetto, segregation, separatism, enclaves, and ethnic cluster
Identify on a world map the distribution and diffusion of the major ethnic groups
Analyze the importance of a charter group in the development of mainstream North American culture
Identify and evaluate the causes and consequences of the physical distribution and locations of major
ethnic groups in the United States
Identify and explain the major differences between nationalities and ethnic groups
Identify major ethnic groups with no political homeland
Identify major ethnic conflicts on a world map
Evaluate the cultural, political, and social causes and consequences of major ethnic conflicts
Identify the difference between gender and sex in the study of cultures
Explain the differences between matriarchal and patriarchal cultures
Evaluate the cultural and spatial perspective in gender issues
Discuss the issues of health, education, and reproduction from a global perspective
Vocab:
Race, ethnicity, ethnic group, Hispanic, Asian, African American, internal controls, external controls,
ethnocentrism, racism, prejudice, discrimination, genocide, separatist groups, separatism, chain
migration, ethnic cluster, ethnic enclaves, segregation, de facto segregation, integrated communities,
apartheid, charter group, charter culture, ghettoization, de jure segregation, minority population,
barrioization, nationality, assimilated, acculturation, sovereignty, ethnic conflicts, sex, gender, gender
roles, gender stereotypes, matriarchal societies, patriarchal societies, egalitarian societies, line of
descent, maternal mortality ratio, gender gap,