Download The Spanish Colonies

The Spanish Colonies
Mr. Smith
Battles over Claims
The
cross was a sign that the land had
been claimed
No one was left to protect the claim
Often more than one country would claim
the same land
Spain was the first country that formed
colonies to protect its lands
Mexico City was the capital of New Spain
New Spain
Discovery
of gold and silver increased the
number of people to settle in New Spain
Others came to start plantation
In order to mine gold and silver and to
grow crops, American Indians were forced
into slavery
New Spain, cont.
Many
thousand of Indians died from
hunger, disease and overwork as slaves
Bartolome de Las Casas, a landowner,
became concerned with how the Indians
were treated and freed his slaves
As more Indians died, Africans were
brought to work as slaves
Settling the Borderlands
Spanish
soldiers built presidios in the
borderlands
In 1565, Pedro Menendez de Aviles built
the first permanent settlement in St.
Augustine
Spain’s main aim in settling the
borderlands was to protect its empire
Spanish king sent missionaries to convert
American Indians to Christianity
Settling the Borderlands, cont.
Missionaries
built missions, religious
settlements
Some settlers built large estates, know as
haciendas, in the borderlands
The Spanish and the animals that brought
changed life for many Indian groups
Horses had the most dramatic affect on
Indian life
The Virginia Colony
Mr. Smith
The Lost Colony
Queen
Elizabeth of England told her sea
captains to attach Spanish treasure ships
England, like many of its European
neighbors, wanted to set up colonies around
the world
In 1584, Queen Elizabeth told Walter
Raleigh to set up a colony in North America
In1585, Raleigh sent 100 colonists to
Roanoke Island, in an area he named
Virginia
The Lost Colony, cont.
Colonists
did not stay long and returned to
England when supplies ran low
In 1587, John White let another group of
settlers to Roanoke Island
Supplies ran low, White returned to
England for supplies. When he came back
three years later, the settlers were gone
Roanoke became known as the Lost Colony
Jamestown
Merchants
set up the Virginia Company
In 1607, 105 colonists built a settlement
called Jamestown
Location was a poor choice because the
land was low and swampy
Colonists did not plant or hunt for food
and over half died in the first winter
Jamestown, cont.
Captain
John Smith, the leader, made a
rule; anyone who did not work, did not eat
Colonists and conflicts with the Powhatan
Confederacy, the local American Indians
tribes located in Virginia
Legend claims that Pocahontas save
Captain Smith’s life after he was captured
For a short period the groups cooperated
by traded goods
Growth and Change
Every
year many people died, but
Jamestown grew because more colonist
arrived every year
Tobacco, not gold, made Jamestown
successful
By 1613, John Rolfe found a West Indian
tobacco that became popular in England
Colonist growing tobacco as a cash crop
Growth and Change, cont.
Virginia
Company offered to pay for
passage in exchange for work without pay
People who took this offer were known as
indentured servants
In 1619, the first Africans arrived, not
known if they were indentured servants or
slaves
In time Virginia’s economy relied more on
enslaved workers
Early
Government
By 1619, the Virginia Colony had more
than 1,000 colonists
Colonists set up a legislature to
create laws and maintain order
Virginia’s legislature was called the
House of Burgesses
Only men who owned land could vote
or hold office
Women, indentured servants and
slaves could not vote or hold office
Powhatan Wars
In
1622, Powhatans attack and kill more
than 340 colonists
Colonists fought back and eventually took
over the remaining land of the Powhatans
The war and the debts of the Virginia
Company led King James I to take over
King James I appointed a governor to run
the colony
The Plymouth Colony
Mr. Smith
The
Pilgrim’s
Journey
John Smith wrote a book called A
Description of New England
People who read his book wanted to move
there to make money and others for
religious reasons
Years prior King Henry VIII banned the
Catholic Church and created the Church of
England
Everyone in England had to belong to the
church or be punished
The Pilgrim’s Journey, cont.
Some
English people, known as Separatist,
moved to the Netherlands
In time Separatist became known as
Pilgrims
The Virginia Company agreed to pay the
Pilgrims passage to North America in
return for lumber and furs
In 1620, Pilgrims left England on a ship
called the Mayflower
Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower landed at Cape Cod
To keep order all the men aboard the
Mayflower signed a compact
The Mayflower Compact gave all who
signed the right to share in making laws
The Mayflower Compact was a new idea of
self-government and included the idea of
majority rule
Building a Colony
In
the first winter 50 of the 102 settlers
who reached Cape Cod died
In the spring the survivors met Samoset
and later Tisquantum, or Squanto
Tisquantum showed the colonist how to
fish and plant crops
He also help the colonist trade for furs
from neighboring Indian tribes
Plymouth
Grows
 In the beginning little food was available so the
harvest was divided equally among families
 In 1623, the leaders decided to divide the land
among the colonist and they begin to prosper from
farming, fishing and fur trading
 As new colonist arrive, earlier colonist had extra
goods ready to trade
 After 1630, English colonists began to settle
other parts of New England and push the Indians
off their lands
The French and the Dutch
Mr. Smith
New France
France
claimed land in present day Canada
and the northern United States
In the early 1500’s Jacques Cartier
explored the St. Lawrence River
In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded
Quebec
In the 1630’s French Catholic missionaries
began arriving
New France, cont.
Because
missionaries and fur traders lived
with the Indians they did not build
permanent settlements
In the 1600s, France only built 2
permanent settlements in North America,
Quebec and Montreal
New Netherland
The
Dutch began building settlements
along the Hudson river
The Dutch aim in establishing settlements
was to gain profit from the sale of furs to
Europe
In 1621, the Dutch West India Company
gained control over all fur trade areas in
New Netherland
New Netherland, cont.
In
1626, the Dutch bought Manhattan
Island from the Indians
During the same year the Dutch began
laying out a town and called it New
Amsterdam
New Amsterdam was built on a harbor
where the Hudson River flowed into the
Atlantic Ocean, the location was good for
trade
New Netherland, cont.
In
1638, Swedish settles founded New
Sweden just south of New Netherland
In the late 1630s, conflict with Indians
increased because more land was cleared
for farming
Colonist and Indians began attacking each
other
In 1645, after many colonist and Indians
were killed, a peace treaty was signed
Exploring New France
As
English and Dutch colonist move into
New France, settlers fought over the fur
trade
Internecine, or conflicts, began among the
Huron and Iroquois Indians over land
Huron were allies with the French
Iroquois were allies with the English and
Dutch
Exploring New France, cont.
Fighting
among the groups almost wiped
out the Huron and destroyed the fur trade
A Colony and a Capital