Download Paleolithic Man

Paleolithic Man
Lived in caves or shelters made from animal hides, etc NO
ORGANIZED CITIES
Gov’t: probably chief (strongest man wins the leadership role)
Religion: Mother Earth Cult, natural forces were controlled by
some god
FIRE!!!!!!!!!!! CHECK YOUR GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
Hunters and gatherers ------NOMADIC
Cave drawings: use of pigments, minerals and berries to make
different colors
TOOLS : made from wood, stone, bone, sinew i.e. Flint for
weapons and making fire, or needles made from bone
Geography: be close to food and water
Legacy: Fire, tools, etc
Ranged from 2million – 8,000 BC
LAST BIG ICE AGE
Neolithic Man
8000BC- apr. 3500-4000 BC
Lived at first in villages, then later towards 3500 BC the first city states
were formed
Houses made of mud brick (mud, water, straw)
FARMING REVOLUTION (stable and steady food supply)
Irrigation, farm, trade: THE BEGINNINGS OF AN ECONOMY!!!!!!!!!
1st civ. Started around 3500BC
Domestication + Cultivation + Specialization = Civilization
Polytheistic religion (many gods) also places of worship were built
Gov’t: kings and local leaders helped the people make laws live by,
create armies, provide for the common good and welfare of the people
Use of copper and tin for tools and weapons ( this will later be made
into the alloy BRONZE)
Social classes: start to emerge
Geography: settle alongside good water source for fertile soil and clean
water for the people
SUMERIANS ( MESOPOTAMIA) southern part of Mesopotamia near
Persian Gulf
WRITING!!!!!!!! Cuneiform ( mud tablets with wedge like markings)
City- states : THINK CELL STRUCTURE- SEE NOTES!!!!!
Gov’t: rulled by kings and queens with the scribes to assist ( scribes
could read and write!)
Religion: POLYTHEISTIC : many gods representative of the natural forces
The Ziggurat was the temple in the center of the city-state
Social Classes: Kings and queens, priests =1st scribes, artisans, farmers,
soldiers, etc =2nd slaves and peasants = 3rd
Arts and architecture: EPIC OF GILGAMESH, pottery metal-working,
weavers/ built palaces and walled cities
Technology: wheel, irrigation, number system, calendar, plow and
sailboat
SARGON--- created the first Empire
Babylonians/ Chaldeans
“N” was the king ( built the hanging gardens for his wife)
Hammurabi : Babylonian King that created the first law code (282)
BABYLON: capital city, great wall surrounding it, ISHTAR GATE
Major trade on the rivers Tigris and Euphrates – helped to build their
economy
Religion: Same as the other Mesopotamian city-states
Assyrians:
Cities- Nineveh (capital) similar to Sumer
Government- king, ministers, scribes, Divided empire into provinces
Religion- similar to Sumer
Job Specialization- similar to Sumer
Social Classes- same
Arts and Architecture- built first library in Ninevah
Public works same
Writing- cuneiform
Geography- northern Mesopotamia (empire stretched from Persian
Gulf, to Asia Minor, to Egypt).
Legacy- iron weapons and tools, well organized army (infantry, cavalry,
artillery).
HittitesIntroduced iron weapons and tools
All other characteristics were similar to Sumerians
EgyptiansCities- houses made of stone and mud brick, palaces, temples, markets,
roads (Thebes, Memphis, Giza, etc…)
Government- Monarchy (Pharaoh), ministers, priests
Religion- Polytheistic, then monotheistic (Aton), then polytheistic again
(king Tut). Afterlife, Re, Anubis, Osiris, Isis, Hapi. Ritualistic burial,
mummification, temples, Book of the Dead, Pyramids, etc….
Job specialization- embalmer, papyrus, et al
Social Classes- Upper Class= Pharaoh, Nobility, priests; Middle- scribe,
soldier, farmer, merchant; Lower- Peasants and slaves.
Arts and Architecture- pyramids, Valley of the Kings, Sphinx, temples,
etc…
Public Works- pyramids, temples, roads, fortifications, etc…
Writing- Heiroglyphics, Book of the Dead
Geography- protected by four natural barriers
1.
2.
3.
4.
North- Mediterranean/ Nile Delta
South- Cataracts
East- Arabian Desert and Red Sea
West- Sahara and Libyan Desert
Legacy- embalming, pyramids, medicine, engineering, math,
astronomy, religion