Download Cell Respiration

Cellular Respiration
ATP

Adenosine Triphosphate
o Organic molecule, contains high energy phosphate bonds
o Energy used by all cells
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Hydrolysis = process of breaking the high energy bonds hydrogen bonds
between the last two phosphates in ATP
ATPase = enzyme that breaks ATP
ATP + ATPase ADP
ATP Synthetase = reverses hydrolysis, add a phosphate to ADP
ADP+ ATP Synthetase  ATP
Cellular Respiration
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Break down nutrients (sugars) to CO and water
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o Large molecules complex molecules into smaller molecules
Process is Exergonic (give off energy)
o High-energy Glucose is broken into CO and H O
2
2
2
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Needs to occur in the presence of oxygen
o Glucose is oxidized and O2 is reduced
 (oxidation-reduction reaction or REDOX)
 Oxidation of glucose = remove e- from C6H12O6
 Reduction = (e- passed to O2)
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Breakdown of one glucose results in 36 to 38 ATP molecules
C6H1206 + 602 6CO2 + 6H20 (+e- + 36-38 ATP’s)
What carries the electrons?
+
NAD
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Coenzyme (nicotinadenine dinucleotide)
Aacts as the energy carrier
It’s Reduced to NADH when it picks up two electrons and one hydrogen ion
Other Electron Carriers
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FAD+ (Flavin adenine dinucleotide)
Reduced to FADH
2
Stages of Cellular Respiration
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Glycolysis = cytoplasm
Krebs cycle = mitochondria
Electron Transport chain = mitochondria
Glycolysis
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Takes place in cytoplasm
Anaerobic (doesn’t use oxygen, but can occur in the presence)
Uses 2 ATP (input)
o Glucose split into 2 molecules (pyruvate & pyruvic acid)
 Produces 2 NADH and 4 ATP (output)
 Pyruvate (oxidized to Acetyl CoA and CO ) is removed
2
Fermentation
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Occurs in cytoplasm
Occurs when O NOT present (anaerobic AND oxygen will stop process)
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o Nets only 2 ATP
Lactic Acid fermentation = muscle cells (makes muscles tired)
Alcoholic fermentation = yeast (produces ethanol)
2
Krebs cycle
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Occurs in mitochondria
Requires Oxygen (Aerobic)
Cyclical series of oxidation reactions
o Gives off CO and produces one ATP per cycle
2
o And produces: 3NADH, 1FADH , and 2CO
2
2
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Two cycles per glucose molecule
Produces two ATP
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One Glucose molecule (in the Krebs Cycle) produces
o 6NADH, 2FADH , 4CO , and 2ATP
2
2
Electron Transport Chain
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Occurs across inner mitochondrial membrane
o Basically swapping elections across the membranes in a series of
reactions until ATP produced
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Produces: 34 ATP and H O
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Uses coenzymes NAD+ and FAD+ to accept e- from glucose
o NADH = 3 ATP’s
o FADH = 2 ATP’s
2
2