Download Results of the study AU-EU study to assess the scope and pre

The Great Green Wall for the Sahara
And the Sahel Initiative
Results of the
AU-EU study to assess the
scope and pre-feasibility
please do not copy without
Anne
Woodfine
and Sandrine Jauffret
acknowledging
source
Specific Objectives / Objectifs spécifiques
The study assessed the:
• main characteristics
• institutional setup
• governance
• potential initial partner
countries
• partners and synergies
• links to other relevant initiatives
also
• possible sources of funding (EC,
MS and other)
• best modalities to ensure
efficient implementation and
sound participatory approaches
L’étude a évalué:
• Les principales caractéristiques
• Le montage institutionnel
• La gouvernance
• Les pays partenaires initiaux
potentiels
• Les partenaires et les synergies
• Les liens avec les initiatives
pertinentes
Ainsi que:
• Les sources possibles de
financements (CE, EM et autres)
• Les meilleures modalités pour
assurer la mise en œuvre
efficace et les approches
participatives pertinentes
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Issues / Questions
Unsustainable land
management practices,
including:
• continuous overstocking
and overgrazing of
rangelands;
• continuous cropping, with
reductions in fallow and
rotations, repetitive tillage
and soil nutrient mining;
• rangeland burning;
• over-exploitation of
woodlands;
• fire in woodlands.
Les pratiques de gestion des
terres non durables
comprennent :
• Surpâturage et
surexploitation des parcours
par le bétail
• Culture continue, réduction
des jachères et des
rotations, travail répété du
sol et perte de nutriments du
sol
• Feux de brousses
• Surexploitation des terres
arborées
• Feux sur les terres arborées
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Leading to / Conduisant à
• degradation of ecosystem
services
• loss of agrobiodiversity
and wild biodiversity
• decreases in productivity
(of arable and rangelands)
• poor harvests
• food shortages
• poor living conditions
and poverty.
• Dégradation des services
des écosystèmes
• Perte d’agro-biodiversité
et de la biodiversité
sauvage
• Diminution de la
productivité (des terres
arables et des parcours)
• Moissons pauvres
• Nourriture insuffisante
• Conditions de vie pauvres
et pauvreté
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Context / Contexte
GGWSSI is:
• Priority Action 2 of
the Africa – EU
Partnership on
Climate Change
La GMVSS fait partie de
:
• L’Action prioritaire 2
du partenariat Afrique
– UE sur le
Changement
Climatique
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CC in Africa / CC en Afrique
Immediate:
• Increased variability of weather
Future warming estimates:
• ranging from 0.2°C per decade
to more than 0.5°C per decade
• increase between 3 and 4°C
by 2100 compared with the
1980-1999
• other experiments indicate
higher levels of warming with
the IPCC A1FI emissions
scenario and for the 2070-2099
period up to 9°C for North
African coast in June to August.
also
• long-term changes in rainfall
patterns
Dans l’immédiat :
• Augmentation de la variabilité du
temps
Le réchauffement futur prévoit :
• Une augmentation de 0,2°C par
décades à plus de 0,5°C par décades
• Une augmentation entre 3 et 4°C d’ici
2100 comparé avec la période 1980 –
1999
• D’autres expériences indiquent des
niveaux plus élevés de réchauffement
avec le scénario d’émissions A1FI du
GIEC avec une augmentation de 9°C
pour la côte Nord Africaine de juin à
août au cours de la période 2070-2099
Ainsi que
• Des changements à long terme dans
les patrons pluviométriques
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Predicted Impacts of Climate Change on
Agricultural Production / Impacts prévus
des CC sur la production agricole
Source: Cline 2007
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acknowledging source
Main Characteristics / Principales
caractéristiques
Evolution in thinking:
• from a massive tree planting
initiative to stop southwards
spread of the Sahara
• to a holistic and realistic set of
initiatives to encourage
adoption of SLM practices
which:
 rehabilitate degraded crop,
pasture, range and wood
lands
 protect specific areas from
sand encroachment
 contribute to adaptation (and
mitigation) of climate change
Évolution de pensée :
• D’une initiative de plantation
massive d’arbres pour stopper
l’avancée du Sahara vers le
Sud
• À un set d’initiatives
holistiques et réalistes pour
encourager l’adoption de
pratiques de GDT qui:
 Réhabilitent les cultures, les
pâturages, les parcours et les
terres arborées dégradées
 Protégent les zones spécifiques
de l’ensablement
 Contribuent à l’adaptation (et
l’atténuation) au changement
climatique
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SLM / GDT
“SLM is the crucial
entry point for
improving land
resources resilience
and productivity within
the context of the
potentially
devastating effects of
climate change in
Africa”
« La GDT est le point
d’entrée crucial pour
améliorer la résilience
des ressources de la
terre et la productivité
dans le contexte des
effets potentiellement
dévastateurs du
changement climatique
en Afrique »
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SLM Practices
•
•
Crop Management
 Mulch, Manure and Residue
Management
 Crop Rotation
 Fallows
 Green Manures
 Crop Diversification / Inter-Cropping
 Conservation, Zero and Low Tillage
 Conservation Agriculture
 Organic Agriculture
 Avoiding Bare Soil
 Avoiding Burning Crop Residues
 Fertiliser Management
 IPPM
 Restoration of Natural / Near-Natural
Vegetation
 Agro-forestry
 System of rice intensification”
Biodiversity / Improved Genetic
Complexity
 Protection of Wild Biodiversity
(protected areas, wetlands…)
 Protection of Agro-biodiversity
•
Pasture and Rangeland Improvement
 Sustainable / “holistic” Grazing
Management
 Silvo-pastoral Systems
 Enrichment Planting
 Limit Use of Fire in Range
Management
•
Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems
•
Livestock Management
 Manure Management
•
Forestry
 Avoid Deforestation
 Re/Af-forestation
 Assisted natural regeneration
 Management of Deforested Land
 Fire Reduction
•
Improved Rainwater Management
•
Erosion and Depositional Control
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Main Characteristics / Principales
caractéristiques
• Promoting Sustainable
Land Management
• Knowledge Sharing
• Effective institutional
framework
• Policy and legal
environment
• Capacity Development
• Monitoring and
Evaluation
• Promouvoir la Gestion
Durable des Terres
• Partage des
connaissances
• Cadre institutionnel
efficace
• Environnement politique
et légal
• Développement des
capacités
• Suivi et Évaluation
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Governance / Gouvernance
• at the political level by the
Heads of State
• the Steering Committee –
Ministers of Environment,
Agriculture, Forestry, who
already meet twice yearly
also
• develop a network of
technical experts keeping
up-to-date electronically
(email, telephone and
video conferencing),
meeting ad hoc around
particular issues
• Au niveau politique par les
Chefs d’États
• Le comité de pilotage –
ministères de l’environnement,
de l’agriculture et de la
foresterie, qui se réunissent
déjà deux fois par an
Ainsi que
• Développer un réseau
d’experts techniques travaillant
régulièrement par voie
électronique (mail, téléphone,
et visioconférence), réunions
ad hoc autour de questions
particulières
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Institutional Setup / Montage institutionnel
Option 1
AUC
CEN-SAD / OSS
ECOWAS / CILSS
West African
countries
UMA
IGAD
North African
Countries
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East African
Countries
Institutional Setup / Montage institutionnel
Option 2
AUC + CEN-SAD
GGWSSI
Co-ordination Unit
OSS
ECOWAS / CILSS
West African
countries
UMA
IGAD
North African
Countries
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East African
Countries
Institutional Setup / Montage institutionnel
Option 3
AUC + CEN-SAD
GGWSSI
Co-ordination Unit
OSS et al
GGWSSI countries
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Institutional Setup / Montage institutionnel
Option 4
AUC + CEN-SAD
UNDP Drylands Development Centre
(+ other technical inputs from OSS, CILSS, ICRAF, FAO, IUCN WISP
West African
countries
North African
Countries
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acknowledging source
East African
Countries
Workshop Results
Institutional Setup – Option 2
AUC + CENSAD
GGWSSI
Coordination Unit
OSS
ECOWAS / CILSS
West African
countries
UMA
IGAD
North African
countries
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acknowledging source
East African
countries
A consensus around the following
institutional Setup
Option 2
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities Threats
-Specific
Coordination
Unit for the
Great Green
Wall
-Anchorage of the
unit (AU or CENSAD) is not clear
-AU and CEN-SAD
are on the same
level
-Technical partners
of the UN system
and African
technical partners
are not mentioned
-The respective
roles of AU and
CEN-SAD are not
defined
-ECCAS not
included
-Possibility to
mobilise specific
resources for the
Great Green Wall
-The
coordination
unit can
create
duplication
with the
existing
structures
-Fear of
conflicts for
the
leadership at
the highest
level
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not copy without institutional setup
An updated and
consensual
acknowledging source
A consensus around the following
institutional Setup
AUC
EC
CENSAD
GGWSSI
Co-ordination Unit
OSS, SAFGRAD,
CILSS, ICRAF, FAO,
UNDP, UNEP, IUCN…
AMU
North African
countries
ECOWAS /
UEMOA
ECCAS
West African
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without African
countries
countries
acknowledging source
IGAD
East African
countries
A consensus around the following
institutional Setup
AUC
MS
CENSAD
GGWSSI
Co-ordination Unit
OSS, SAFGRAD,
CILSS, ICRAF, FAO,
UNDP, UNEP, IUCN…
AMU
North African
countries
ECOWAS /
UEMOA
ECCAS
West African
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without African
countries
countries
acknowledging source
IGAD
East African
countries
A financial mechanism
to implement this institutional framework
(* ensuring support reaches local land users + support for NGOs)
European Union
Commission
EU Member
States
Phase I (2009 – 2010)
Regional level : implementation
GGWSSI coordination unit
of
the AU support / technical Technical
assistant
assistant
National level : implementation of GGWSSI in Budget support *
the countries
Budget support *
Phase II A (2010 – 2013)
Regional level
No more funding / Technical
technical assistant
assistant
National level
Budget support *
Budget support *
Budget support *
Budget support *
Phase II B (2014 – 2020)
National level
please
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Evaluate
financial
needs for each phase
acknowledging source
Other Possible Sources of Funding
• AU and Member States (“Dedicated Trust
Fund”)
• African Development Bank
• Other development banks
• Private Sector
• PES (CDM, REDD, C seq.)
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Next steps at regional level
• Implementation of the GGWSSI coordination
unit
• Set-up contractual mandates with the different
institutions, in order to implement specific
activities with defined time schedules in order to
define the roles and responsibilities (perhaps
through a Memorandum of Understanding).
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Next steps at regional level
Activities
Who
Designation of CEN-SAD to host the GGWSSI coordination unit
AUC
Recruit staff and make available one EU technical assistant
CEN-SAD + EC
Put in place the steering committee
CEN-SAD GGWSSI coordination Unit
Promote and use the country strategic tool
CEN-SAD GGWSSI coordination Unit, with the
support of TerrAfrica and NEPAD
Enhance the scientific and technical information and knowledge
CEN-SAD GGWSSI coordination Unit + OSS +
SAFGRAD + CILSS + ICRAF + FAO + UNEP +
UNDP + IUCN… and national Universities /
African excellence centres
Disseminate the useful information to national / local levels
CEN-SAD GGWSSI coordination Unit
Identification and initiation of trans-boundary activities and
programmes
CEN-SAD GGWSSI coordination Unit + OSS +
CILSS
Develop regional investment programme
CEN-SAD GGWSSI
TerrAfrica / NEPAD ?
Formulation and implementation of regional scientific research
program,
CEN-SAD GGWSSI coordination Unit + OSS +
CILSS + UNDP…
Conception and implementation/reinforcement of regional training
networks
CEN-SAD GGWSSI coordination Unit + ANAFE
Conception and implementation of mechanisms for consultations and
exchange of views
CEN-SAD GGWSSI
TerrAfrica + SolArid
Development of stakeholder platform, resources mobilization and
creation of a dedicated trust fund
AUC, CEN-SAD GGWSSI coordination Unit +
GM
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coordination
coordination
Need toacknowledging
define the
time schedule
source
Unit
Unit
+
+
Next steps at national level
• In each country, a full design study should be
undertaken with a view to defining the relevant
activities to be implemented according to the
country specificities.
– Use the Country Strategic Tool (CST) developed by
TerrAfrica
• The design study will provide guidance to
develop the concrete SLM activities in the pilot
countries.
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Next steps at national level
• The objective of the design study at national level
aims to select the pilot areas (hot spots / priority
areas) where the SLM activities should be
promoted
The design study must include:
– a full review / the exhaustive mapping of institutions and
of national policies and strategic frameworks (or update
TerrAfrica CSIF-SLM when existing);
– the definition of priority issues / main problems faced
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according to ecosystems
/ spatial diagnosis;
acknowledging source
Next steps at national level
• The design study must include:
– the definition of priority areas for implementation
activities, defined nationally according to priority issues
and relevance for improving livelihoods of local
populations with regard to the most relevant SLM
activities in each agroecosystem (crop, range, oases…);
– the analysis of capacity building requirements/needs
(training / awareness raising on SLM, CC, LD and BD)
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Next steps at national level
• The design study must define in deep:
– the content of the field interventions in consultation with
local communities;
– the choice of appropriate technical methods (including
assessments of, for example, local profitability of planting IFTs etc);
– the implementation of SLM and NRM activities
– the design of the monitoring and evaluation system at
national level and also participative community systems
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Potential Initial Partner Countries / Pays partenaires
initiaux potentiels
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Algeria
Burkina Faso
Djibouti
Ethiopia
Mali
Niger
Senegal
Tunisia
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Algérie
Burkina Faso
Djibouti
Ethiopie
Mali
Niger
Sénégal
Tunisie
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Partners and Synergies / Partenaires et synergies
• Decentralised authorities,
farmers organisations,
NGOs (local and
international), private
sector
• National institutions
(including universities)
• UNCCD (implement the
10 year strategic plan)
• UNFCCC
• CAADP Pillars 1,3 and 4
• Autorités décentralisées,
organisations paysannes,
ONG (locales et
internationales), secteur
privé
• Institutions nationales
(incluant les universités)
• UNCCD (mise en œuvre
de la stratégie décennale)
• UNFCCC
• Piliers 1, 3 et 4 du
PDDAA
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Links to Other Relevant Initiatives / Liens
avec les autres initiatives pertinentes
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
NEPAD CAADP
SolArid
LADA
AMESD
MENARID
WOCAT
TerrAfrica
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
NEPAD PDDAA
SolArid
LADA
AMESD
MENARID
WOCAT
TerrAfrica
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Best Modalities / Meilleures modalités
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
highest level (AU) political support
intersectoral (agriculture, forestry,
water, land, education, finance)
“bottom-up”
valorise local knowledge
encourage farmer innovation
focus on ensuring that land users
gain rapid economic benefits, in
addition to providing long term
environmental sustainability
communication at all levels, using
a variety of media must be a key
element of the GGWSSI
include attention to national and
international legal and policy
issues
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Soutien du plus haut niveau politique
(UA)
Intersectoriel (agriculture, foresterie,
eau, terre, éducation, finance)
« de bas en haut »
Valoriser le savoir local
Encourager les innovations des
agriculteurs
Se focaliser sur la possibilité d’assurer
aux utilisateurs finaux des bénéfices
économiques rapides, en plus de
fournir une durabilité
environnementale à long terme
La communication à tous les niveaux,
en utilisant une variété de médias, doit
être un élément clé de la GMVSS
Porter une attention particulière aux
questions/cadres politiques et légaux
nationaux et internationaux
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Activities / Activités
• Agroforestry
• Conservation agriculture
(also more composting,
mulching, low tillage etc)
• Holistic / sustainable
rangeland management
• Silvopastoralism
• Assisted Natural
Regeneration
• Knowledge and
communication
• Agro-foresterie
• Agriculture de
conservation (plus de
compost, paillage, peu de
travail du sol etc.)
• Gestion durable /
holistique des parcours
• Sylvopastoralisme
• Régénération naturelle
assistée
• Connaissance et
communication
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Energy / Energie
• Fuel efficient stoves
• Solar cookers
• Other solar
technologies
• Jatropha
• Fours à combustible
efficaces
• Cuisinières solaires
• Autres technologies
solaires
• Jatropha
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Risks and Assumptions / Risques et Hypothèses
•
•
•
•
Recentralisation
Duplication
High-Tech Agriculture
Short-Term Funding
--• Commitment and
Ownership by
Countries
• Political Stability
• Recentralisation
• Duplication
• Agriculture Haute –
Technologie
• Financements à court
terme
--• Engagement et
appropriation par les pays
• Stabilité politique
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Conclusions / Conclusions
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
• Initiative portée par l’Afrique
African-led initiative
• Focalisée sur les zones
Focus on drylands
sèches
Focus on circum-Sahara
• A long terme
Long term
• Focalisée sur des activités
Focus on on-ground
de terrain et la
activities and
communication
communication
• Contribue à l’adaptation au
Contribute to climate
changement climatique
change adaptation
• Atténue le changement
Mitigate climate change
climatique et unis les
and unify nations to
nations à sécuriser les
secure benefits for soil C
bénéfices de la
sequestration
séquestration du C dans le
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sol
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“The most significant activity that can
be implemented over the next decades
to mitigate (and adapt to) climate change
in Africa is to increase the amount of
biologically sequestered carbon in
biomass and soil organic matter”
(Guo and Gifford, 2002)
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Ensure a sustainable
future for the children of
the circum-Sahara
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• Thank you
• Merci beaucoup
Thank you
Merci beaucoup
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