Download Minerals

Survey
yes no Was this document useful for you?
   Thank you for your participation!

* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project

Document related concepts

Chemical element wikipedia , lookup

Periodic table wikipedia , lookup

Tennessine wikipedia , lookup

Ununennium wikipedia , lookup

History of molecular theory wikipedia , lookup

Extended periodic table wikipedia , lookup

Unbinilium wikipedia , lookup

Transcript
And some rin uphill and down dale,
Knapping the chucky stones to pieces wi’ hammers,
Like sae mony roadmakers run daft –
They say it is to see how the warld was made.
- Sir Walter Raleigh
Minerals
Webpage for course (daytime)
Webpage for course (nighttime)
Lecture 4
Something from the ancient Greek
philosopher-scientists
What is a mineral?
A naturally occurring inorganic solid
made up of an ordered arrangement of
ATOMS
Difference between minerals and rocks
Atoms, three basic parts
Mass
(wt.)
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
charge
nucleus
electron cloud
Fig. 2.5
Atomic number =
Atomic mass number =
Atomic number = number of protons
Atomic mass number =
number protons and neutrons
Example: Carbon (symbol “C”)
atomic number =
atomic mass number =
Therefore,
6 protons, 6 (12-6) neutrons
Periodic Table
A balanced atom has as many
electrons as protons
Electrons are not randomly located
Occur in “shells”
electrons fill shells in a
sequential order
1st shell holds up to 2 electrons
2nd shell holds up to 8 electrons
3rd shell holds up to 8 electrons
Two rules in Nature:
1. electrons occupy shells in a specific order
(inner before outer shells)
2. Outer shell that has electrons in it
must be full of electrons
Two rules in Nature:
1. electrons occupy shells in a specific order
(inner before outer shells)
2. Outer shell that has electrons in it
must be full of electrons
Let us develop some characters
Our cast of characters
Our cast of characters
element
Hydrogen
sym +
H
Helium
He
Carbon
C
Oxygen
O
Sodium
Na
Chlorine Cl
Iron
Uranium
Fe
U
+/-
-
#
wt.
outer
sh.
Needs
So let us meet a hydrogen atom after the Big
Bang…
When
Harry met
Sodium
Sally
Chlorine
More formulae
CaCO3 (calcite)
KAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2 (muscovite)
Ca3Al2Si3O12 (garnet)
Silicate minerals
SiO4 tetrahedra
Isolated
Olivine
Chains
Hornblend
Sheets
Mica
Framework
Feldspar & Quartz
So, what the atoms are and how to go together
determines the characteristics of the mineral:
crystal shape
hardness
cleavage
chemical properties
etc. etc.
Graphite and Diamond