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Name: Ayeboua Favour College: Medicine and Health Sciences Department: Medicine and Surgery Date:17/10/2016 GST 115 What is meant by the term Connectivity Hardware with atleast 10 examples. Connectivity hardware is the hardware that allows computer to be physically connected to different types of networks. It describes the extensive process of connecting various parts of network to another. Common Connectivity Hardware includes: 1. The network interface card (NIC) 2.The hub 3. The switch 3.The bridge 4. The router 5. The gateway 6. Wi-Fi cards 7. Access points 8. Modems 9. BROUTER 10. Repeaters NIC The network interface card (NIC), as its name suggests, is the expansion card you install in your computer to connect, or interface, your computer to the network. This device provides the physical, electrical, and electronic connections to the network media. NICs are either an expansion card (the most popular implementation) or built in to the motherboard of the computer. In most cases, a NIC connects to the computer through expansion slots. An expansion slot connects expansion cards that are plugged in to a slot in the main computer assembly through a deceptively simple-looking connector, which is known as a bus. In some notebook computers, NIC adapters can be connected to the printer port or through a PC card slot. Hub A hub is the device that connects all the segments of that network together. Every device in the network connects directly to the hub through a single cable. Any transmission received on one port will be rebroadcast to all the other ports in the hub. So, if one station sends it, all the others receive it, but only the intended recipient listens to it. Switch It is similar to a hub, though; a switch connects multiple segments of a network together, with one important difference. Whereas a hub rebroadcasts anything it receives on one port to all the others, a switch makes a direct link between the transmitting device and receiving device. Any party not involved in that communication will not receive the transmission. The benefit of a switch over a hub is that the switch increases performance because it doesn’t suffer from the wasted bandwidth of the extra transmissions. Bridge A bridge is a network device that connects two similar network segments together. The primary function of a bridge is to keep traffic separated on both sides of the bridge. Traffic is allowed to pass through the bridge only if the transmission is intended for a station on the opposite side. The main reason for putting a bridge in a network is to connect two segments together, or to divide a busy network into two segments. Router A router is a network device that connects multiple, often dissimilar, network segments into an internetwork. The router, once connected, can make intelligent decisions about how best to get network data to its destination based on network performance data that it gathers from the network itself. Gateways A gateway is any hardware and software combination that connects dissimilar network environments. Gateways are the most complex of network devices because they perform translations at multiple layers of the OSI model. For example, a gateway is the device that connects a LAN environment to a mainframe environment. The two environments are completely different. LAN environments use distributed processing, baseband communications, and the ASCII character set. Mainframe environments use centralized processing, broadband and baseband communications, and the EBCDIC character set. Each of the LAN protocols is translated to its mainframe counterpart by the gateway software. Another popular example is the e-mail gateway. Most LANbased e-mail software, such as Novell’s GroupWise and Microsoft’s Exchange, can’t communicate directly with Internet mail servers without the use of a gateway. This gateway translates LAN-based mail messages into the SMTP format that Internet mail uses. Wi-Fi cards WIFI is a technology that allows electronic devices to connect to laptops that have cellular modem card can also act as mobile internet WIFI access points. Wi-Fi cards are small, easily portable cards that allow your desktop or laptop computer the capability to connect to the internet through a wireless network. ACCESS POINTS In a wireless local area network (WLAN), an access point is a station that transmits and receives data it is sometimes referred to as a transceiver. An access point helps to connect users to other users within the network and it can also serve as the point of interconnection between the WLAN and a fixed wire network. MODEMS A modem (modulator-demodulator) is a network hardware device that modulates one or more carrier wave signals to encode digital information for transmission and demodulates signals to decode the transmitted information. BROUTER It is a network bridge and a router combined in a single product while a bridge is a device that connects one local area network to another local area network that uses the same protocol. REPEATER Is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits they are used in transmission systems to regenerate analog or digital signals distorted by transmission loss. In details, a repeater is a device that receives a digital signals on an electromagnetic or optional transmission medium and regenerates the signals along the next leg of the medium.