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Transcript
Greek Gods:
Trading Cards
Directions:
• Students will read biographies of the
Olympian Gods
• Students complete the backs of their
trading cards with the appropriate
details from the story
• Students will cut along the dotted lines
© HistoryinHeels.com
© HistoryinHeels.com
Athena
Artemis
Hades
Aphrodite
Ares
Apollo
Nickname:
Mini-Bio:
Symbols:
Nickname:
Mini-Bio:
Symbols:
Nickname:
Mini-Bio:
Symbols:
Nickname:
Mini-Bio:
Symbols:
Symbols:
Mini-Bio:
Nickname:
Symbols:
Mini-Bio:
Nickname:
© HistoryinHeels.com
© HistoryinHeels.com
Zeus
Poseidon
Hera
Hermes
Hephaestus
Nickname:
Mini-Bio:
Symbols:
Nickname:
Mini-Bio:
Symbols:
Nickname:
Mini-Bio:
Symbols:
Nickname:
Mini-Bio:
Symbols:
Symbols:
Mini-Bio:
Nickname:
Symbols:
Mini-Bio:
Nickname:
© HistoryinHeels.com
Greek Gods:
Biographies
•
•
•
•
•
Students will read the biographies of 11
Greek gods and goddesses.
Students will use this information to
complete their Greek Gods Trading Cards
Activity.
Students will summarize their readings
into Mini-Bios of the gods and goddesses
Students will create a nickname for the
god or goddess
Students will draw the symbols of the
gods and goddesses
© HistoryinHeels.com
Aphrodite
Aphrodite was the god of love and beauty in Greek mythology. She
was one of the main Olympian gods who lived on Mount Olympus. Aphrodite
was the most beautiful of all the gods. She was supposedly born from the
foam of the sea, and took her place on Mount Olympus as the god of beauty
and love because she herself was so beautiful.
Another story of Aphrodite’s birth has Zeus as her father. Aphrodite
was so beautiful that Zeus was worried that the gods would all begin fighting
each other trying to get her attention. Because of this Zeus decided to have
Aphrodite marry the Olympian god Hephaestus, who was the ugly god of
fire and blacksmithing. It was believed that if Aphrodite was married to him
the other gods would not get jealous and so would not begin fighting each
other because of her. The symbols associated with Aphrodite are dolphins,
roses, swans, doves, and mirrors.
Aphrodite was often described as very vain, easily offended, and
jealous of the beauty of other women. In one mythological story
Aphrodite gets in an argument with two other Olympian gods, Hera
and Athena. All three women believed they were the most beautiful, so they
went to Zeus to decide. Zeus did not want to make a decision so he had the
mortal man Paris of Troy make a decision instead. As Paris tried to make a
decision Aphrodite bribed him by offering him a mortal woman for wife
named Helen, the queen of Sparta. Paris accepts the bribe and names
Aphrodite as the winner. The other two gods were so upset that they
encouraged the Spartan king to take his armies against Paris and Troy,
which began the legendary Trojan War.
Romantic love has been a driving characteristic of
civilizations since they began. Seeking after beauty and
finding true love has been the subject of art and
literature throughout the ages. The ancient Greeks had a
culture that put a lot of value in art; including paintings,
sculptors, architecture, literature, and theater. The power
of love and beauty is a common theme in many of these
pieces, and to the Greeks that meant that the influence of
Aphrodite was never far away.
Aphrodite represented the love and beauty that
could be found within mankind, yet she also
demonstrated the dark side to beauty as well. Aphrodite
was vain and very jealous of the beauty of others.
Aphrodite showed the Greeks the power of love, for both
good and bad.
© HistoryinHeels.com
.
Apollo
Apollo is probably one of the most important of the Olympian Greek gods
because of the large number of godly responsibilities he has. Apollo is the god of
music, poetry, art, oracles, archery, medicine, the sun, and knowledge.
Apollo was the son of Zeus, and had a twin sister who was the Greek god
Artemis. In art and literature Apollo is depicted as a young, beardless, and athletic
youth. Symbols often associated with Apollo are the lyre (a small musical harp),
the python, ravens, and bows and arrows.
For many of the ancient Greeks, Apollo was seen as all of the gods rolled into
one person, which is why he had so many things that he was the god of. Apollo
represents the best example of many different past traditions and religions
from other civilizations being put together into the Greek view of Apollo.
An important aspect of worshipping Apollo to the ancient Greeks was
through the oracle at Delphi. An oracle is a fortune teller who can receive visions
of the future. Delphi was a city-state in ancient Greece.
In a cave near Delphi an oracle would stay and receive visions. This oracle
was under the protection and blessing of Apollo, since he was the god of oracles.
Many Greeks, particularly kings and other rulers would often consult oracles
before making big decisions, such as going to war. Besides the oracle at Delphi
there were many other oracles scattered throughout Greece, and all of them
were seen as disciples, or followers, of Apollo.
Besides the oracles, Apollo had many other temples
built in his honor throughout Greece. These temples were
places that Apollo could be worshipped through art, music,
the practicing of medicine, and by offering animal
sacrifices.
Being the god of medicine and healing meant that
Apollo could also bring plagues and sickness. In Homer’s
epic Greek poem, The Iliad, Apollo sends down a plague to
the Greeks when their leader,
Agamemnon, insults one of Apollo’s priests. At the end
of The Iliad Apollo guides the arrow of the Trojan prince
Paris when he shoots the Greek hero Achilles, killing him.
Apollo was the god of light and the sun. It was his
responsibility to bring about the sunrise each day and
move the sun across the sky during the day. The sun
brings light and warmth down to the earth. This warmth
and this light is also connected to the arts. Poetry, music,
and the other arts bring light and warmth to the souls of
man. It is in this fashion that Apollo is seen as not only the
god of the sun, but also the god of things that bring light to
the soul, being the arts. As the god of medicine and
oracles, Apollo also represents the number of mythical
aspects of the world around us that the Greeks attributed
© HistoryinHeels.com
to their mythical gods.
Ares
Ares is the Greek god of war. He is one of the twelve main Olympian gods
that live on Mount Olympus. They are all led by Zeus, the king of the gods. Zeus
also happens to be Ares’ father. Ares often represents the chaotic and violent
aspects of war while his sister, the god Athena, represents the strategic and
intelligent side of war.
In art and literature Ares is often portrayed in military armor and with
weapons. His symbols are the spear, helmet, chariot, dog, and vulture. Although
Ares represented the bravery and courage it took for a soldier to become a
hero on the battlefield, many Greeks feared Ares because he also represented
the fact that violence in war often only escalated and would get more and
more deadly as time went on.
In ancient Greece most city-states operated on their own. These
different city-states were often at war, or contentions with each other. As
such, the influence of Ares was almost always felt by Greeks.
Many Greek city-states would not have wanted Ares on their side during
war, however. During the Trojan War Ares was on the losing side, which his
sister Athena supported the winning side.
In the book The Iliad by Homer, which describes the Trojan War, it is the
strategic thinking of Athena that in the end conquers the brutal savageness of
Ares and his battlefield violence.
The city-state of Sparta was a heavily militaristic society. They raised
their sons to be solders, and there was no greater honor then dying in battle
for Sparta. Most other city-states feared Sparta because if they decided to
attack, they were probably going to be successful.
Sparta viewed Ares as their patron god, meaning
their main god they worshipped. Sparta even made
human sacrifices to Ares, that he would look favorably
on them and lead them to victory in their campaigns. To
the Spartans Ares was the god of battle and battle
tactics, they did not look to Athena for that.
Outside of Sparta, there was not a lot of
worshipping of Ares in Greece. Some armies would make
sacrifices to him, hoping for success during their battles,
but for the most part Ares plays little role in Greek
mythology.
Instead Greeks feared the chaos, violence, and
death that came with war. Even though wars were
often common for many Greek city-states. Many Greeks
would much rather avoid Ares and his violent influences
altogether if they could. Even among the other gods on
Mount Olympus Ares is seen as something of an outcast.
Even his own father Zeus traditionally hated him and the
© HistoryinHeels.com
chaos he brought with him.
Artemis
Artemis is the goddess of the hunt, forests, the moon, and archery.
She is one of the twelve main Olympian gods that live on Mount Olympus.
Her father was Zeus and she had a twin brother, Apollo, who was also an
Olympian god.
Artemis was often depicted as a young woman in simple robes. Her
symbols included bows and arrows, deer, hunting dogs, and the moon.
As a child god of Zeus, Artemis always seemed to enjoy his favor.
One story explains that as a child Hera had punished Artemis, so Artemis
went to Zeus to be soothed. Zeus agreed to grant Artemis any wishes she
wanted. Artemis wished to have a bow with arrows, and to have a group
of mortal girls that could accompany her on her hunts in the woods.
It seems that Artemis never sought after temples or cities where
she could be worshipped; instead she focused on the wild and natural
beauty of the forests and the joy of the hunt. Artemis only spent time
with her girls that were part of her hunting party.
The only man Artemis was ever interested in was a skilled mortal
bow hunter named Orion. Orion and Artemis would go hunting together.
One day Artemis’ brother, Apollo, approached Orion while Artemis was
away and challenged him to a swimming contest.
Orion went into the sea and began swimming.
When Artemis returned Apollo challenged her to an
archery contest, point to a small object in the sea
and telling her that she couldn’t hit it. Artemis took
her bow and arrow and hit the object perfectly, not
knowing that it was Orion her brother had tricked
her into shooting. When Artemis found out she was
so upset that she immortalized Orion by putting him
into the stars, and to this day Orion and Orion’s belt is
one of the most popular constellations in the sky.
Artemis represented the wild and feminine
aspect to nature. She seemed to enjoy the fun and
simple things in like, which is hunting and running
around in the woods. Artemis helped children,
particularly little girls, find a place within Greek
society and showed that women could be strong
and independent without a lot of interference from
men.
© HistoryinHeels.com
Athena
Athena is the god of wisdom and military strategy. She is one of the
twelve main Olympian gods of Greek mythology that live on Mount Olympus.
She is supposed to be the favorite daughter of Zeus.
Athena was born from Zeus when he one day had a terrible headache. As
a result Ares splits Zeus’ head open with an axe. Out of Zeus’ head came a fully
grown Athena, dressed in her battle armor. So it seems that the god of wisdom
and intelligence was born directly through pure thought by Zeus.
In art and literature Athena is almost always depicted wearing a battle
helmet or wearing some other armor. Athena’s main symbols are owls, olive
trees, snakes, armor, helmets, and spears.
In Greek mythology Athena is portrayed as the clever companion of
heroes, assisting them on their heroic journeys. Athena plays a major role in
beginning the legendary Trojan War that is described in the epic poem The Iliad
by Homer. Athena is offended by Paris of Troy when he affirms that Aphrodite
is more beautiful than both herself and Hera, the queen of the gods. As a result,
Athena and Hera stirred the Greeks up to anger and caused them to
come against Troy in war. Once the Trojan War was over the journey home by
Odysseus was described in Homer’s The Odyssey. Odysseus met many
challenges and trials on his way home due to the fact that Poseidon was
angered with Odysseus and did all he could to prevent him from getting home.
Ancient Greek civilizations had a number of
great thinkers; philosophers like Plato and Socrates,
mathematicians like Pathageros, great writers like
Homer, and even early medical thinkers like
Hippocrates. Greece was a place where intelligence
was a sought after thing. Greece established some of
the first colleges and made many important
contributions to man’s early understanding of
science.
Because of this Athena is viewed as an
important god because her very nature represents
what ancient Greece was supposed to be all about.
The city-state of Athens, one of the cultural centers
of ancient Greece was even named after Athena and
had her as their main god they worshipped. The
Greeks saw themselves superior to their ancient
neighbors because of their intelligence and their level
of thinking when it came to things like philosophy and
even strategic military thinking.
As a result, Athena became a vital god to the
ancient Greeks as they looked to her to help drive
their own intellectual abilities. © HistoryinHeels.com
Hades
Hades, Poseidon, and Zeus were brothers. Each ruled over some part of
the universe. Poseidon ruled the seas. Hades ruled the Underworld. Zeus
accepted the most demanding job of all - Zeus was chosen to rule over all of the
gods and all of the earth and all of the heavens.
Unlike his two brothers, Zeus and Poseidon, both of whom were full of life,
Hades was a gloomy fellow. He was more content to live in the Underworld. The
symbols of Hades are usually riches and gold and silver. His portraits usually
consist of jewelry all over him. He is the god of wealth and riches. Hades only
lived in the Underworld and never visited Mt. Olympus where Zeus resided.
Hades was not the lord of death. He did not decide who lived and who died
up on earth. His job was to run things down in the Underworld, the place where
you went after you died.
The Underworld was a big place. Some areas were really nice, and some
were not nice at all. The Elysian Fields, for example, was the place heroes were
sent after they died. It was a great neighborhood. But parts of the Underworld
were scary! People who behaved badly on earth might end up in one of those
sections. Hades decided where you were sent. It was not wise to anger Hades,
whether you were alive or dead, or you might end up someplace you really did
not want to be.
His brothers thought Hades rarely took time to play, but they were
mistaken. Hades loved to play. One of his favorite belongings was his invisible
helmet. He had a lot of fun with that. More than anything, except for his beloved
dog, Cerberus, Hades loved his golden chariot. It was his pride and joy. His chariot
used to belong to a god named Helios. But Helios had retired and no longer pulled
out the sun each day. (That was one of Apollo's jobs now.) Helios was delighted to
give his old chariot to Hades. In exchange, Hades promised Helios a favor, which
was all the payment Helios required. Hades and his beloved dog Cerberus would
climb aboard his golden chariot and tear across the Underworld. The souls of
the dead scattered left and right to get out of their way.
Hades was never lonely. For a long time, he did not
have a wife, but he did have a faithful and deeply loved
companion, his three-headed dog, Cerberus. His family
visited now and then. Zeus popped in whenever he felt like it.
His nephew, Hermes, the deal maker for the gods, stopped
by, whenever things had to be smoothed over and fixed.
To give his dog a sniff at a new place, Hades even
came up to the surface now and then. If it was important
enough, Hades would even attend meetings of the gods on
Mount Olympus. But he never thought of himself as one of
the Olympians. To Hades, home was the Underworld.
© HistoryinHeels.com
Hephaestus
Hephaestus was the god of fire, metalworking, stone working, and
sculpting. Hephaestus is one of the twelve main Olympian gods in Greek
mythology that lives on Mount Olympus. Hephaestus is the child of Zeus and
Hera, the king and queen of the Greek gods. As the god of fire and
metalworking, Hephaestus was the one who would make all of the armor and
weapons for the gods.
He worked as a blacksmith for the gods and created weapons and armor
of amazing quality that was unmatched by anything made by mortals. In Greek
myths, anytime there is magical or significant armor and weapons mentioned,
such as Hermes’ flying sandals or Heracles’ armor, it was usually made by
Hephaestus.
The symbols most associated with Hephaestus were the hammer and
anvil. When Hephaestus was born he had a deformed foot. Because of this his
mother, Hera, tossed him out of Mount Olympus. He fell for an entire day before
crashing down to earth. This event caused Hephaestus to be called the “lame
god” due to the fact that he walked with a limp ever since then.
While all the other gods are typically described as beautiful and majestic,
Hephaestus has always been described as ugly and rough with a bushy beard
and a limp in his walk. Hephaestus was raised on earth before eventually
returning to live on Mount Olympus.
To get revenge on his mother Hera he built her a golden throne that would
trap her in it whenever she sat down. Only Hephaestus could release her
from the chair, which he was tricked into doing.
The skills of working with your hands and creating
things in embodied in the god Hephaestus. These skills
were seen by the ancient Greeks as very manly skills,
so Hephaestus was seen as a manly god who
represented what a real man should be able to do.
Hephaestus was also married to the Olympian god
Aphrodite, who was the god of beauty and was
supposed to be the most beautiful women in existence.
The ancient Greeks were very good at working
with metals to create weapons, armors, and tools. They
would mine some metals and trade with neighboring
areas for other metals that they could work with.
Ancient Greek sculptors were extremely skilled in the
carving of marble and magnificent buildings and
architecture. Amongst all of this art and skilled labor
the Greeks would have looked towards Hephaestus as
the god to influence and guide them in the manipulating
of stone and metal into beautiful pieces of art, useful
© HistoryinHeels.com
tools, or magnificent buildings.
Hera
Hera is the wife of Zeus, and as such is considered the Queen of
the Greek gods since Zeus is the King of the gods. Hera is the god of
marriage, women, and childbirth. Hera is one of the original Greek gods,
being the sister of Poseidon, Hades, Demeter, Hestia, and Zeus (also her
husband).
Hera, along with her siblings, were all eaten by their father Cronus
when they were born because Cronus feared that one of his children
would rise up and overpower him someday. Zeus, the last born child
avoided getting eaten, and when he grew up he was able fight off
Cronus, and get him to release Hera and her siblings, who were all
trapped inside Cronus’ stomach.
Shortly after Zeus became the King of the gods, and took Hera as
his queen. The symbols of Hera were the pomegranate fruit, the
peacock, the cow, and the lily flower. Hera is depicted in art and
literature as a beautiful god who has a very majestic look, though is
often very solemn. She is sometimes described as having a crown on
her head.
The great Greek hero Heracles (Known to
the Romans and Hercules), who was a child that
Zeus had with a mortal women, was hated by
Hera. When Heracles was a baby Hera sent two
snakes into his crib to kill him, but the baby instead
killed the snakes because he had the strength of
the gods. The stories of Heracles and his
adventures often include Hera trying to prevent
his success or punish him in some way.
Some of the first temples to the gods built
in ancient Greece are believed to be temples built
to Hera around 800 BCE. This has led some
historians to believe that some of the earliest
Greek city-states may have been Matriarchal
societies. This means that women, instead of
men would have been the leaders of the people.
This would explain why Hera was such an
important god to these early people. The god
Hera also demonstrates the power of women to
be an anchor in their home and in their © HistoryinHeels.com
responsibilities to keep their families together.
Hermes
Hermes is the messenger of the gods. He is also himself the god of trade,
thieves, and sports. Hermes is one of the twelve main Olympian gods within
Greek mythology that live on Mount Olympus.
Hermes is the god that travels most freely between the realm of the
gods and the realm of men, taking messages back and forth between the two.
Youthful, quick-thinking, and a natural trickster, Hermes is often described in
myths outwitting gods and men, either for his own amusement or to fulfil a
specific purpose. The symbols of Hermes include winged sandals, a winged cap,
the lyre (a small musical harp), and the rooster.
Hermes is a child of Zeus, as are many of the Olympian gods. Even as a
baby Hermes demonstrated a talent for causing mischief. The sun god Apollo
traditionally raised herds of sacred cattle. When Hermes was a baby he snuck
out of his crib and stole Apollo’s cattle, hiding them. He then jumped back into his
cradle before Apollo could find out, pretending to be completely innocent. Apollo
suspected that Hermes had stolen his cattle, so he grabbed Hermes and took
him to Zeus, hoping that Zeus would punish Hermes for his actions. Instead,
when Zeus heard the story he laughed, finding it funny that a baby could cause
Apollo so much grief.
In the Greek epic poem The Odyssey, Hermes plays an important role in
not only carrying messages to the main character, Odysseus, but also to other
characters in the story, always delivering messages the gods have for them.
In The Odyssey Odysseus and his crew are trying to sail home after the Trojan
War. Due to the god Poseidon being upset with Odysseus, his ship was continually
blown off course, preventing Odysseus from getting home for ten years. The
help that Hermes offers Odysseus demonstrates that he is a god that cares
about mankind and is willing to help them when in need.
As the god of travel, Hermes was seen as an important god for
merchants selling goods, and the god of socializing that would take place
amongst travelers as they passed by on roads or stopped at inns and taverns.
Ancient Greece was a very mobile civilization. People traveled by land and sea,
city-states regularly traded with each other, and set up communications with
other civilizations in Egypt and Asia.
This made Hermes an important god to many Greeks.
Hermes was looked to in hopes that he would protect
travelers on the roads. Store owners looked to Hermes in
hopes that they would sell lots of stuff and be successful.
Thieves also looked to Hermes, hoping that he would enjoy
their schemes and bless them to be successful in their
unlawful activities. Hermes also had an annual festival
called Hermaea, where young boys would engage in
sporting events similar to the ancient Greek Olympics .
.
© HistoryinHeels.com
Poseidon
Poseidon is one of the twelve main Olympian gods who live on Mount
Olympus, according to Greek mythology. Poseidon is the god of the sea,
earthquakes, and horses; because of this he has also been called “god of the sea”,
“earth-shaker”, and “tamer of horses.”
In art Poseidon is depicted as a middle aged man with a beard who is either
holding a trident, surrounded by sea life, or surrounded by horses. Though he is an
Olympian god of Mount Olympus, Poseidon’s main home is within the sea, controlling
the waves and the currents.
Poseidon is also the brother of the gods Zeus and Hades. Poseidon’s siblings
are Hades, Demeter, Hestia, Hera, and Zeus. Their father was the Titan Cronus,
who would eat his children once they were born because he feared that one of
them would one day overpower him. Poseidon was eaten as well, and grew up in
his dad’s stomach until his brother Zeus was able to defeat Cronus and release
Poseidon along with his other siblings.
Greece is a country right on the Mediterranean Sea with lots of small
islands. Sea travel and sea trade were important aspects of life to the people
who lived in the ancient Greek world. Because of that, Poseidon was seen as an
extremely important god. Poseidon’s anger could sink ships, destroy sea shore
cities, or carry enemies to one’s shores swiftly by boat.
To have Poseidon’s favor meant good healthy sea travel, abundant fishing,
and mild weather. The sea was central to the life of most ancient Greeks, and so
worshipping Poseidon through prayers and sacrifices would be a daily practice
for many of them.
In the Greek poem The Odyssey, written by Homer,
Poseidon is the enemy of the main character Odysseus.
Odysseus is trying to sail back home after the end of the
Trojan War, but Poseidon prevents him from making his
way home by sending storms, waves, and monsters to
stop Odysseus and his crew. A lot of this anger comes
from an incident where Odysseus blinds a Cyclops who
was trying to eat him and his crew. The Cyclopes were the
children of Poseidon, and so were under his protection.
The sea was a vast and mysterious thing to the
ancient Greeks. Ever changing currents, tides, storms, and
its vast depths made it a feature that was feared and
revered by the Greeks. The Greek mainland is rocky and
mountainous, meaning most Greeks had to travel and
trade through sea travel. To get on a boat was to put your
life into the hands of the god Poseidon. Not only this, but
many city-states in Greece were built near the sea, This
god, who was the older brother of Zeus, was worshipped
by most Greeks and was the subject of many pieces of art
and literature during ancient Greek times and throughout
© HistoryinHeels.com
the ages, even to today.
Zeus
Zeus is considered to be the “Father of Gods and men.” He rules
over Mount Olympus, which is the home of the main Olympian gods of
Greek mythology. The sky, thunder, and lightning were all said to be under
the control and influence of Zeus.
Though Zeus is neither the oldest god nor the literal father of all the
other gods, he was always referred to as “father” to show respect to his
power and authority over all the other gods.
Lightning and thunder storms could be powerful, intimidating, and
destructive. This is probably why the ancient Greeks saw Zeus, the ruler
of lightning and thunder, as the most powerful god on Mount Olympus.
Another responsibility Zeus had was to assign the roles that the
other gods would fulfill. As a baby, Zeus’ siblings, Hestia, Demeter, Hera,
Hades, and Poseidon, were all swallowed by their father, the Titan Cronus.
He ate his children so they could not grow up and overthrow him. Zeus
was sent away before he could be swallowed. When he grew up he came
against Cronus and overtook him, forcing Cronus to throw up his other
children. With the help of his brothers and sisters, Zeus banished Cronus
and took over as the King of the gods, taking control of the universe.
Zeus is also the father to important mythical characters such as
Heracles, Perseus, and Helen of Troy. Hera was often depicted as a very
jealous wife and would curse children that Zeus had with other women.
Symbols associated with Zeus were the thunderbolt, eagle, bull, and oak
trees.
Art of Zeus shows him as a muscular middle aged
man with long hair and a beard. He is usually shown
either standing majestically with a lightning bolt in his
hand, or sitting on a throne. He is always seen wearing
a traditional Greek toga.
Zeus was the symbol of the Greek’s religion. He
was seen as the god that overthrew the Titan’s and
created a time when mankind could grow and civilize
over the earth. Zeus controlled the sky and oversaw all
the other gods within Greek mythology.
Not only was he the king of the gods, but the
supreme ruler over mankind as well. To anger Zeus was
to bring sure destruction upon either yourself or your
civilization, while gaining his favor would ensure a good
and prosperous life.
© HistoryinHeels.com
Create a god or goddess!
Write a short biographical myth explaining the background of your
god or goddess. Be sure to include any famous family members,
what your god or goddess is known for, their symbols, and their
legend. Please write 3 paragraphs with 5-7 sentences.
© HistoryinHeels.com
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