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Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue
Name:______________ Class: _______
Introduction to Skeletal Muscle
1. What are 5 functions of skeletal muscle?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle
2. Label the skeletal muscle, below. On the right, list the levels of organization, starting with muscle and
ending with sarcomere.
3. Label and define the following terms on the sarcomere, below.
I band, A band, H zone, Z disc, M line, H zone
Physiology of Skeletal Muscle Contraction
4. Order the steps of skeletal muscle contraction from first (1) to last (??)
_____ Na+ enters the muscle through chemically gated ion channels at the motor end plate
_____ Ca2+ binds to tropomyosin, causing it to change shape and reveal myosin binding sites on actin
_____ myosin pulls actin in a power stroke
_____ an action potential propagates along the sarcolemma and T tubules of the muscle
_____ neuron releases ACh into the synaptic cleft
_____ myosin continues to bind to actin, pull, and reset so long as both calcium and ATP are present
_____ ATP binds to myosin, releasing it from the actin
_____ myosin heads bind to actin
_____ Ach binds to the motor end plate of the muscles
_____ Ca2+ is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
_____ ATP is used to reset the cocked position of myosin head
5. What is sliding filament theory?
6. Briefly describe how tetanus and botulism cause paralysis.
7. Draw a relaxed sarcomere, then underneath it draw a contracted skeletal muscle.
8. What bands/zones are shortened in the contracted skeletal muscle?
Which band/zone may fully disappear?
Which band/zone is the same length in relaxed and contracted skeletal muscle? Why doesn’t it change
size?
Skeletal Muscle Metabolism
9. What are the three mechanisms of generating ATP within the muscles?
10. What is oxygen debt, and what four conditions is the oxygen necessary to restore.
Factors Affecting Skeletal Muscle Tension Within the Body
11. Differentiate between isotonic and isometric contractions, and give an example of each.
12. What is muscle fatigue, and what is the primary cause of muscle fatigue?
13. What is the cause of muscle pain associate with exercise?
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
14. Identify 5 features of cardiac muscle cells
Smooth Muscle Tissue
15. Why is smooth muscle not striated?
16. Smooth muscle has much greater mitotic ability than cardiac or skeletal muscle? Why is this
important?
Make flashcards for the following terms. Place the term on one side and the definition on the other.
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Excitability
Elasticity
Muscle fiber
Fascicle
Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium
Tendon
Aponeurosis
Vascularized
Innervated
Sarcolemma
Myofibril
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Myofilaments
Sarcomere
Z disc
I band
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A band
H zone
M line
Neuromuscular junction
Synaptic cleft
Motor end plate
Tetany
Muscle tone
Atrophy
Hypertrophy
hyperplasia