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2016 YPC Study Guide 1 Compiled by Anna M. Leppert-Largent. February 2016. 2 2016 Young People’s Concert: Around the World with the SBSO Saginaw Bay Symphony Orchestra Teachers! I am so glad that you made the commitment to bring your students to the 10th Annual Young People’s Concert on Friday, March 18, at the Temple Theatre. You, your students and Saginaw Bay Symphony Orchestra are going to have a wonderful time exploring the dances from different countries with Auditioning Conductor Andrés Franco as our tour guide. This is a special opportunity for your students to experience the Saginaw Bay Symphony Orchestra LIVE! in concert. There is nothing quite like hearing music live in a glorious venue such as the Temple Theatre. This concert will be an experience that your students will remember for a lifetime. Please find information and hyperlinks that can provide you with information that can help your students gain some knowledge about the music prior to and after coming to the Temple Theatre. I have provided you with both WORD and a pdf documents. And . . . feel free to use what you want without worry of copyright infringement from me or the SBSO. The SBSO is able to bring this concert to you and your students at no cost due to the generosity of our underwriters: Impact Saginaw and The Morley Foundation. Many thanks for their continued support of bringing music to the youth of the Great Lakes Bay Region. Enjoy the concert! Anna Anna Leppert-Largent SBSO Director of Education 3 Audience Behavior Expectations The Saginaw Bay Symphony Orchestra and the Temple Theatre staff want all students to have an enjoyable experience during their visit. This will help them associate attending a concert as a positive, exciting event. Here are some suggestions for proper conduct when attending a concert: Speak quietly before the performance. Be silent during the performance—no whispering to neighbors. Sit-up straight and listen closely – the presenter is on stage especially for you! Clap and participate only at appropriate times. If an adult tells you to do something, listen! We would also like the students to take an active role in listening to and observing the event. The performers are here to connect with the students; the only way to make this happen is for students to actively observe the performance. 4 SAGINAW BAY SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA Friday, March 18, 2016 at 12:00 noon Temple Theatre, Saginaw, Michigan Andrés Franco, auditioning conductor “Around the World with the SBSO” 2016 Young People’s Concert AARON COPLAND (1900-1990) Rodeo: Hoe Down ZOLTÁN KODÁLY (1882-1967) Dances of Galánta JOHANN STRAUSS JR. (1825-1899) The Gypsy Baron: Overture GYÖRGY LIGETI (1923-2006) Concert Românesc GEORGES BIZET (1838-1875) Carmen Suite No. 1 GEORGES BIZET L’Arlesienne: Farandole ARY BARROSO (1903-1964) Aquarela do Brasil 6. Allegro vivace (beginning in m. 443 to end) 2. Allegro vivace 4. Molto vivace 2. Aragonaise 6. Les Toréadors 5 Saginaw Bay Symphony Orchestra Photo courtesy of Jenn Englehardt The SBSO was created as a project of the Saginaw Department of Parks and Recreation in 1935 and has performed an annual concert series ever since. It was incorporated as a separate non-profit corporation in 1953. The Orchestra is a fully professional ensemble which draws its members from throughout Michigan. In addition to its classical concerts, the Orchestra has produced a wide variety of chamber, pops, educational and historical concerts, as well as opera, ballet and modern dance. Now in its 80th season, the SBSO has established a proud legacy of superb musicianship, innovative programs and comprehensive educational experiences for the residents of Great Lakes Bay Region. Traditionally, the music selections for each season combine and contrast challenging signature orchestral works with the best twentieth-century and more contemporary pieces. World premiers by regional composers have been featured most seasons. The mission of the Saginaw Bay Symphony Orchestra is to advance the appreciation of orchestral music to our diverse audiences through high quality performances and innovative educational programs. 6 Auditioning Conductor ANDRÉS FRANCO Recently named Music Director of the Signature Symphony at TCC and Assistant Conductor of the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra, Andrés Franco has established himself as a conductor to watch. Mr. Franco’s 2014-15 highlights included subscription debuts with the Columbus and Fort Worth symphony orchestras, as well as return engagements with the Houston and Saint Louis symphonies. In 2015-16, he will make debuts with the Chicago Sinfonietta, Grant Park Orchestra, OK Mozart Festival, and Saginaw Bay Symphony Orchestra, and will return to conduct the Corpus Christi and Fort Worth symphony orchestras. A frequent guest conductor in the U.S., Europe, and South America, Andrés Franco has appeared with the Elgin, El Paso, Eugene, Lake Forest, Mississippi, Springfield, and Stockton symphony orchestras, the Orquesta Sinfónica de Castilla y León/Spain, the National Symphony Orchestra/Peru, as well as with the National Symphony, Bogotá Philharmonic, Medellin Philharmonic, and EAFIT Symphony Orchestra in Colombia. Festival appearances include the Cabrillo Festival of Contemporary Music, the Oregon Bach Festival, and the Wintergreen Music Festival in Virginia. Mr. Franco formerly served as Music Director of the Philharmonia of Kansas City (20042010), as Associate and Resident Conductor of the Fort Worth Symphony Orchestra (20092014), and as Leonard Slatkin’s Assistant Conductor during the 14th Van Cliburn International Piano Competition (2013). A native of Colombia, Andrés Franco is dedicated to preserving and performing the music of the Americas. As Principal Conductor of Caminos del Inka, he has led many performances of Latin American music by composers of our time, such as Jimmy López, Gabriela Frank, and the popular Argentine composer, Astor Piazzolla. Born into a musical family, Andrés Franco began piano studies with his father, Jorge Franco. An accomplished pianist, he studied with Van Cliburn Gold Medalist Jose Feghali and attended piano workshops with Rudolph Buchbinder in Switzerland and Lev Naumov in France. He studied conducting with Marin Alsop, Miguel Harth-Bedoya, Kurt Masur, Gustav Meier, Helmut Rilling, Gerard Schwarz and Leonard Slatkin. Mr. Franco holds a bachelor’s degree in Piano Performance from the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Bogotá, Colombia, as well as master of music degrees in Piano Performance and Conducting from Texas Christian University. Andrés Franco is married to Victoria Luperi, Principal Clarinetist in the Fort Worth Symphony Orchestra. 7 Composers and Their Music AARON COPLAND (1900-1990) Nationality: USA Time Period: 20th Century http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/copland.php http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/aaron-copland-about-the-composer/475/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Copland Based on William H. Stepp’s fiddling tune Bonaparte’s Retreat https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1yeQucos9-M http://www.npr.org/player/v2/mediaPlayer.html?action=1&t=1&islist=false&id=17150 1799&m=171620321 Information and Listening Guide with video performance http://juniorcertmusicb.weebly.com/hoedown-from-rodeo.html ZOLTÁN KODÁLY (1882-1967) Nationality: Hungary Time Period: Late Romantic into 20th Century http://www.iks.hu/index.php/zoltan-kodalys-life-and-work/short-biography https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zolt%C3%A1n_Kod%C3%A1ly Information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dances_of_Gal%C3%A1nta#cite_note-sf-2 Program notes http://www.sfsymphony.org/Watch-Listen-Learn/Read-Program-Notes/ProgramNotes/KODALY-Galantai-Tankoc-%28Dances-of-Galanta%29.aspx http://www.utahsymphony.org/insight/program-notes/item/719-kodaly-dances-ofgalanta Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZGWn40ayPkI JOHANN STRAUSS JR. (1825-1899) Nationality: Austria Time Period: Romantic http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/straussj.php https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Strauss_II Program notes http://www.laphil.com/philpedia/music/overture-gypsy-baron-johann-strauss-jr Information about the operetta https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gypsy_Baron Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3Z-YtG-RXg 8 GYÖRGY LIGETI (1923-2006) Nationality: Romania Time Period: 20th Century http://www.gyorgy-ligeti.com/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gy%C3%B6rgy_Ligeti Program Notes: http://www.sfsymphony.org/Watch-Listen-Learn/Read-ProgramNotes/Program-Notes/LIGETI-Concert-Romanesc-(Romanian-Concerto).aspx About Composing the Piece: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EztaJApmdqM Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tpuL4xTQSws GEORGES BIZET (1838-1875) Nationality: France Time Period: Romantic http://www.classical.net/music/comp.lst/bizet.php http://www.musicacademyonline.com/composer/biographies.php?bid=95 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Bizet CARMEN (program notes) http://www.utahsymphony.org/insight/programnotes/1000-bizet-carmen-suite-no-1 CARMEN—Aragonaise video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=alQa0nDlZKU CARMEN—Les Toreadors video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihf2CSqW09w BOTH -- http://www.lasr.cs.ucla.edu/geoff/prognotes/bizet/carmensuite.html FARANDOLE (listening guide) http://www.mhhe.com/socscience/music/kamien/student/olc/36.htm Info: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Arl%C3%A9sienne_(Bizet) Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WNScAdFSak4 ARY BARROSO (1903-1964) Nationality: Brazil Time Period: 20th Century https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ary_Barroso Information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquarela_do_Brasil Video (There are lots of arrangements—different instrumentation; some with vocals. Not certain which version Mr. Franco will use, but here is a short one!) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ah1O8XQQcUM 9 The Temple Theatre The year was 1926 and Saginaw, Michigan was without a concert hall after the beautiful Conservatory of Music burned. The City was growing, and the Elf Khurafeh Shrine was planning to build a Temple and move from the Masonic Lodge building across the street to the proposed site. At this same time Colonel W. S. Butterfield, head of the Butterfield Theatre chain, was looking to build a flagship theatre for his chain in Saginaw. When the Colonel met the Shrine who planned to build an auditorium as part of their temple, the die was cast. Collaboration was formed with the Shrine and Butterfield who agreed to furnish and lease the theatre for 30 years. Architects Osgood and Osgood of Grand Rapids, Michigan, were hired to design the new structure and to include the latest in technology. Notable among the features of the building are fireproof construction, geo-thermal cooling of the auditorium, spectacular acoustics and state of the art stage rigging and dimming systems for the lights. Henry C. Webber Construction Company of Bay City, Michigan, was the successful bidder and contracted to construct the facility. There were only six months from the breaking of ground until the Butterfield Company began to install the theatre equipment. This is a remarkable accomplishment in that day. The structure and furnishings were completed, and a grand opening was held on July 28, 1927. The programming of the theatre was a combination of live vaudeville acts and a photoplay, commonly called a silent movie. A ten-piece orchestra under the direction of Joe Abbenante played live accompaniments to these attractions. The theatre was also equipped with one of the 12 Butterfield Special Barton Pipe Organs--#195 built specifically for this theatre. The organ remains and is preserved in original playing condition. The instrument continues to be played prior to many events held in the theatre. As time passed the theatre experienced a decline in the interest of vaudeville, patrons tastes were changing to the sounds of big band, wide screen motion pictures and live national appearances. The Temple was quick to supply the community with the entertainment it was yearning for. However, the theatre encountered competition as newer more modern facilities opened. Several individuals tried to revive the facility but despite their efforts, the Temple was weakening at her 75th birthday experiencing a failing boiler system (from 1927) which 10 had burst pipes and many leaks. The roof was deteriorating with water leaking through the ceiling and damaging plasterwork in the theatre, destroying walls and the domed ceiling, and crumbling plaster appeared along the stairways. Seats on the main level were chipped and torn, all of the carpet was worn, and the electrical system (from 1927) was overloaded and not large enough to handle the amount of electricity required to operate the theatre. Without heat in the building, one more winter would have drained the Temple of its lifeblood. The theatre, now known as the “Showplace of Northeastern Michigan,” was now facing demolition. In 2002, the family of Dr. Samuel Shaheen purchased the Temple Theatre and the adjoining three-story building which contains a grand ballroom, Premier Room, Leopard Lounge and a commercial kitchen. After an investment of more than seven million dollars the “Showplace of Northeastern Michigan” has been returned to her original glory. The Temple celebrated her 80th anniversary, showcasing the original colors and textures applied in 1927. Gold leafing and hand-painted details throughout the entire building add grandeur and intrigue while restoring the Theatre’s much deserved elegance. Since the renovation the Temple has hosted many national artists/shows including: B.B. King, Jewel, Garrison Keillor, Anita Baker, Menopause the Musical, Dora the Explorer, Jose Feliciano and George Carlin. It is the home of the Saginaw Bay Symphony Orchestra, the Saginaw Choral Society, the Saginaw Valley Concert Association, and the Temple Theatre Organ Club. http://templetheatre.com/about-the-temple/ 11 The Words: Orchestra and Symphony Q: A: Of what do you think when you hear the word orchestra? If you are like most people, your answer would be “A group of people playing different instruments with the string instruments as an important element.” Q: A: Now, how about the word symphony? A group of people playing different instruments, with strings as an important element?? Maybe . . . Explanation: 1. The words orchestra and symphony are NOT synonyms, i.e., they do not mean the same thing nor are they interchangeable! 2. www.dictionary.com definitions a. Orchestra: a group of performers on various musical instruments, [including families (groups) of strings, woodwinds, brass and percussion], for playing music, such as symphonies, operas, popular music, and [movie background music.] b. Symphony: a three- or four-movement (section) musical piece played by an orchestra. 3. TRIVIA—it is very likely that during the next 25-50 years, these words WILL become synonyms do to usage!!!) What is an Orchestra? Definitions An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string, brass, woodwind sections, and possibly a percussion section as well. The term orchestra derives from the name for the area in front of an ancient Greek stage reserved for the Greek chorus. The orchestra grew by accretion throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, but changed very little in composition during the course of the twentieth century. A smaller orchestra (of about fifty players or fewer) is called a chamber orchestra. A full-size orchestra (between 70 to 100 players) may sometimes be called a "symphony orchestra" or "philharmonic orchestra." These prefixes do not necessarily indicate any strict difference in either the instrumental constitution or role of the orchestra, but can be useful to distinguish different ensembles based in the same city (for instance, the London Symphony Orchestra and the London Philharmonic Orchestra). 12 Instruments of the Orchestra GENERAL >> Britten’s The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HhTMJ2bek0 Listening Guide for The Young Person’s Guide . . . http://www.wwnorton.com/college/music/listeninglab/shared/listening_guides/britt en_the_young_persons_guide_to_the_orchestra.pdf Online Videos of Musical Instruments >> From The Enjoyment of Music, Edition 10 http://www.wwnorton.com/college/music/enj10/complete/content/index/instruments.htm STRINGS Violin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violin Lots of FUN stuff here. There are audios, photos labeled with parts of the violin, closeups of the pegboard, bridges, and fingering charts. Even talks about the electric versions! Good external links too. Viola http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola Similar to VIOLIN site. Good audio clips. Cello http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cello Similar to previous 2 sites. Goes into various sizes of instrument (the smaller ones made for youngsters! To full-size) and compares them. Lots of audio links and external resource links. Bass http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_bass Similar to other sites. Emphasis on bow types and construction. Good photo of gut strings. Physics: A Simple Introduction to the Vibrations in Strings http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/strings.html WOODWINDS Flute http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flute Oboe http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oboe http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oboe 13 Clarinet http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarinet Bassoon http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassoon Physics: How Do Woodwinds Work? http://www.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/woodwind.html Lots (almost too many) of details BRASS French Horn http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_(instrument) Trumpet http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpet Trombone http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trombone Tuba http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuba Brass Instrument Acoustics: An Introduction http://newt.phys.unsw.edu.au/jw/brassacoustics.html PERCUSSION Timpani http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timpani Snare http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snare_drum Percussion http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percussion_instrument This is a site that links you to almost any other percussion instrument! 14 Ideas for Classroom Activities PRIOR to Concert Before the concert, discuss with your students what they are about to see. Walk them through the experience of entering the theatre, being seated by ushers, watching the program, and having a reaction of what they are about to see and hear. Since music is an auditory experience and a concert is the witnessing of music being performed, your class will enjoy some of these activities 1. Learn the names and spelling of the instruments and what produces the sound in each: Strings: the sound is made by bowing, plucking, or slapping the strings to make the sounds of the violin, viola, cello and the double bass Woodwinds: the sound is produced by a reed vibrating at the end of an instrument like the clarinet, oboe and bassoon. The sound of the flute is made by the wind cutting over both sides of the mouthpiece. Brass: the player’s lips vibrating at the end of a horn like the French horn, trumpet, trombone and tuba. Percussion: the sound is produced by striking or shaking the instrument such as timpani, drums, cymbals, marimba, xylophone and triangles. (PA & S) 2. Ask if anyone in the class has heard orchestra music before and what kinds of feelings did they have as they listened? (LS) 3. Ask if anyone has heard the Saginaw Bay Symphony Orchestra perform? What was it like? (PA) 4. In small groups, have the students talk about what they might hear, what kind of instruments may be used or what expectations they have formed based on the current information. (PA) 5. Ask each child which instrument s/he likes the best? Is it the way it sounds? The way it looks? Or . . .?? a. Have him/her write a paragraph about it. (LS) b. Have him/her prepare a short speech to share with the class. (LS) c. Have /him/her draw, sculpt, or . . . a detailed view of the instrument. (PA) 6. Play a recording of individual instruments. Have the class decide which instrument is playing and what was producing the sound: vibrating strings, lips, mallets, vibrating reeds, etc. (PA & S) 7. Have your students write three or four paragraphs about a concert they have attended before. This could be as simple as a school choral or band concert or as big as a concert held at a stadium. Have them describe the venue, the performers and their feelings about the performance. (LA) 15 8. Ask the students if they have attended an event at the Temple Theatre. Have them share their experience with the class. What did it look like? How are the seats arranged? What was on the stage? Were there curtains? Concert Activities Upon arrival at the theatre and before the program actually begins, there is generally a down time. This is a great time to re-enforce theatre etiquette as well as what they are about to learn and experience. We suggest the following activities to keep your students focused on the performance and enjoying the Temple Theatre experience. 1. Ask if anyone in the class recalls what they should be doing once the performance starts? (LS) 2. Ask if anyone can find the American flag? The organ console? Etc.? 3. As members of the Orchestra are seated, ask what instrument(s) they see and guess whether the sound will be high or low. As the musicians begin to warm-up, confirm if the sound is mostly high or low. 4. Ask if anyone knows to which family of instruments those on upstage platform belong? (Percussion) Can anyone name some of them? Post-Concert Activities Once, you have returned to the classroom after the performance, you are able to explore additional activities. Here are several opportunities to continue learning about the Saginaw Bay Symphony Orchestra, American music and the instruments of the orchestra. 1. A Classroom Orchestra: Write the name of each instrument in the orchestra on a piece paper and place them in a bowl. Be sure to have sufficient instruments for you classroom count. (Remember that there are more string instruments in an orchestra, so having two or three violins to one flute would work.) Have each student draw from the bowl. Have the student “make” his/her instrument: draw, sculpt, etc., as well as prepare a short report about how that instrument produces sound. Have students make presentations to the class. (PA, S, LA) 2. Have your students write a piece of music. Depending on their skill level, they could either write the music or improvise as they play. Have them perform it for their classmates. (PA) 3. What is the one concept or idea that your students took with them from the performance? If they are musicians, how will it effect their performing? (PA) 16 4. Ask students to write a short poem inspired by one of the pieces of music they heard. (LA) 5. Have the student select a type of musician s/he would like to be. Why is that appealing to each one? Have them role play this musician. (LA) 6. Ask students to write a short story, describing what their typical day might be like as if they were a professional musician. (LA) 7. Ask students to compare and contrast two different pieces music from the concert. (LA) 8. Music often tells stories. Ask students to pick a piece of instrumental music and write a story to go along with the music. (LA) 9. Have your students pretend they are entertainment reviewers (critics) and have them write a critique of the performance. Make sure they are discussing what they liked and didn’t like and telling why they feel that way. Feel free to forward these on to the Temple Theatre. (LA) 10. Ask students to draw, paint, or sculpt their favorite piece of music from the performance. (MC/PA) 11. Many artists have been influenced by musicians or have used music or musicians as a theme in their art. Have your students do some research and bring in pieces of art that depict music or were influenced by music. Have them discuss the story behind them. (H/PA/SS) 12. Select an instrument from the orchestra. What was its origin? How did it evolve to modern day instrument? (H) 13. What were some of occasions or reasons the music we are hearing was written? How or where did people hear music in the past? (H/SS/MC) 14. How did music serve different purposes than it does today? What was considered popular music in different eras? Why do you think people listened to that style of music then and our style of music now? (PA/H) 15. Have your students do a cultural timeline for what was happening during the time period of one of the featured composers. Have them research the types of art, fashion, dance and theatre that were popular during that time. How were all of the arts influenced by each other? (H/SS/MC) 16. Study the different types of music that have been popular in different eras in the U.S. Why did it become popular and what was going on in the United States at that time period that may have influenced the music styles? (PA/H) 17 17. Some of the music performed today was written long ago. How was the world different in that time period? What were some of the common geographic, political and philosophical principles behind their thoughts back then? Discuss ideas that were different then and how our modern thoughts have evolved into our current thoughts and beliefs. (H/SS/MC/PA) 18. During the concert, individual musicians will play solos. Each solo is featured while the rest of the orchestra accompanies the performance. Discuss the difference between the SOLO part and the ACCOMPANYING part. (PA) 19. Borrow an instrument and have the class examine it carefully to see how the sound is produced and controlled by the musician. (S & PA) 20. Have a student who plays an instrument bring it to class and demonstrate how it is played. (PA) 21. Contrast the experience of listening to music from a recording to hearing it at a live concert. How does seeing the performer change the experience? (PA/LS/LA) 22. Write a brief description of your trip to the Temple Theatre and your feelings about live music performance. What was the most fun about your experience? Did you learn anything new? (LA/H/LS) Learning Links Key (H) (LA) (LR) (LS) (M) (MC) (PA) (PE) (S) (SS) History Language Arts Literature/Reading Life Skills Math Multi-Culture Performing Arts Physical Education Science Social Studies 18 Music Vocabulary baton: a wand used by a conductor bow: a rod having horsehair drawn tightly between its two raised ends, used in playing instruments of the string family. composer: a person who writes (composes) music composition: a piece of music concertmaster: the leader of the first violins in a symphony orchestra, who is usually also the assistant to the conductor. conductor: a person who, by means of gestures, leads performances of musical ensembles, especially orchestra, bands, or choruses double reed: of or pertaining to wind instruments producing sounds through two reeds fastened and beating together, as the oboe and bassoon. downbeat: first beat of the measure, the strongest in any meter. dynamics: element of musical expression relating to the degree of loudness or softness, or volume, of a sound. form: the structure or shape of a musical work, based on repetition, contrast, and variation; the organizing principle in music. forte: the Italian term for "loud," indicated in the musical score by the marking "f." genre: General term describing the standard category and overall character of a work. harmony: the simultaneous combination of notes and the ensuing relationships of intervals and chords. Not all music of the world relies on harmony for interest, but it is central to most Western music. mallet: a light drumstick with a rounded head that is used to strike such percussion instruments as chimes, kettledrums, marimbas, glockenspiels, etc. melody: succession of single tones or pitches perceived by the mind as a unit. meter: the rhythmic element as measured by division into parts of equal time value. performance: a musical, dramatic, or other entertainment presented before an audience. piano: the Italian term for "soft," indicated in the musical score by the marking "p." rehearsal: a session of exercise, drill, or practice, usually private, in preparation for a public performance, ceremony, etc. rhythm: the controlled movement of music in time. scale: a series of tones or pitches in ascending or descending order. Scale tones are often assigned numbers (1–8) or syllables (do-re-mi-fa-sol-la-ti-do). slide: the U-shaped tubular section of the trombone that can be pushed in or out to alter the length of the air column and change the pitch. steady beat: regular pulsation. tempo: rate of speed or pace of music. Tempo markings are traditionally given in Italian. texture: the interweaving of melodic (horizontal) and harmonic (vertical) elements in the musical fabric. theme: melodic idea used as a basic building block in the construction of a composition. tonality: principle of organization around a tonic, or home, pitch, based on a major or minor scale. valve: a device in a brass wind instrument for varying the length of the air column to alter the pitch of a tone. venue: the scene or locale of a performance. Saginaw Bay Youth Orchestra 2015-2016* Temple Theatre, 201 N. Washington Ave., Saginaw 48607 Great Lakes Bay Region’s only youth orchestra for advanced string, woodwind, brass, & percussion players. Audition required. The SBYO meets on Sundays from 2 to 5 at the Temple Theatre. Session 3 March 13 to March 20; April 3 to May 15 Concerts are held on the last day of session. $175 Generous need-based scholarships are available through application with support from Optimist Club of Saginaw and Saginaw Tuesday Musicale. Tuition Assistance Form can be found at www.saginawbayorchestra.com. *Call for information about scheduling an audition time. UPCOMING PROGRAMS March 19—8 PM From Central Europe Andrés Franco, auditioning conductor Music by Strauss, Ligeti, Kodaly and Brahms April 21 100 Men Who Cook Apple Mountain May 7—8 PM A Knight of Romance Laura Jackson, auditioning conductor Music by Brahms, Tian, and Strauss May 15—3 PM Saginaw Bay YOUTH Orchestra Roderick Bieber and James Hargett, conductors SBSO Board of Directors Michael Brush, President Samuel Tilmon, Vice President/Treasurer Carlos Ramet, Secretary Floyd P. Kloc, President Past President Andrea Alexander, Karen Andon, Donald Carlyon, Paul C. Chaffee, Michael Elliott, John Markey, Arlene Maul, Linda P. McGee, Lou Ognisanti, Larry Robinson, Katie Sunderman, Anthony Taylor SBSO Administration Dan McGee, Chief Executive Officer Kristina Kukla, Marketing Coordinator Anna Leppert-Largent, Production Manager/Director of Education Gregg Emerson Powell, Orchestra Personnel Agent David P. Rupp, Volunteer Financial Manager Don Belcher, Librarian Roderick J. Bieber & James Hargett, Youth Orchestra Conductors 201 N. Washington Ave., Saginaw, Michigan 48607 989-755-6471 989-755-1420 FAX www.saginawbayorchestra.com