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Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer What is Sediment? What Happens When Sediment is Moved? How Does Sediment Change Into a Sedimentary Rock? What Are the Main Types of Sedimentary Rocks? What do Sedimentary Structures Tell Us About? Depositional Conditions? Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Sediment Particles and Clastic Sedimentary Rocks Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Table 9.1 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Sorting of Sediment by a River Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Figure 9.2 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Lithification of Sand Grains to Become Sandstone Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Figure 9.6 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Accumulation of Feldspar-Rich Sand Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Figure 9.11 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Poorly Sorted Sediment of Sand Grains Surrounded by a Matrix of Silt and Clay Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Figure 9.12 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Turbidity Current Flow Downslope Along the Sea Floor Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Figure 9.13 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Outcrop of Queenston Formation Shale Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Photo by N. Eyles Figure 9.14 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Lithification of Shale from Compaction and Cementation of Wet Mud Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Figure 9.15 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Living Coral-Algal Reef Sheds Bioclastic Sediment into the Fore-reef and Back-reef Environments Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Figure 9.17 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Chemical Sedimentary Rocks Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Table 9.2 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Bedding and Cross-Bedding Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Photo by N. Eyles Figure 9.26 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Bedform Stability Diagram for Flows Approximately 1 m Deep Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Box 9.2 – Figure 1 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Ripples Formed in Fine Sand Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Photo by N. Eyles Box 9.2 – Figure 2 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Ripples Formed in Coarse-Grained Sands Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Photo by N. Eyles Box 9.2 – Figure 3 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Horizontally Laminated Course-Grained Sands Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Photo by N. Eyles Box 9.2 – Figure 4 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Development of Cross-Bedding in Wind-Blown Sand (A, B) and Current-Deposited Sand (C, D) Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Figure 9.28 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Development of Ripple Marks in Loose Sediment Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Figure 9.28 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Development of a Graded Bed of Sediment Deposited by a Turbidity Current Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Figure 9.31 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Geological Formations of Upper Ordovician to Silurian Age Exposed in Niagara Gorge, Ontario Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Photo by N. Eyles Figure 9.31 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Geological Formations of Upper Ordovician to Silurian Age Exposed in Niagara Gorge, Ontario Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Photo by N. Eyles Figure 9.35 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Sediment Deposits Transported Away from Source Area Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Figure 9.36 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Characteristics of the Salt Wash Member of the Morrison Formation that Help Locate Its Source Area Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Figure 9.37 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks The Common Sedimentary Environments of Deposition Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Figure 9.38 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Sedimentary Basics Associated with Convergent Plate Boundary Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Figure 9.41 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Divergent Plate Boundary Showing Thick Wedges of Gravel and Course Sand Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Figure 9.41 Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Answers to Selected Testing Your Knowledge Questions Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer 15. B 24. A 16. B 25. B 17. D 26. B 18. B 27. C 19. B 28. A 20. D 21. B 22. B 23. A Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks Additional Resources Visit the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer Student Resources Student Online Learning Centre The robust Student Edition of the Online Learning Centre at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer features quizzes for study and review, interactive exercises and animation, as well as additional boxed readings, searchable glossary, “Virtual Vista” environments, suggestions for further reading, and much more! Laboratory Manual The Lab Manual to accompany Physical Geology and the Environment has been created as a resource for laboratory sessions in physical geology, mirroring the "Inquiry-Based Approach" of the text. Structured on exercises and corresponding background concepts, the lab manual contains student-friendly worksheets, and has been perforated for easy lab use. Instructor Resources Instructor Online Learning Centre The OLC at www.mcgrawhill.ca/college/plummer includes a password-protected Web site for Instructors. The site offers downloadable supplements and access to PageOut, the McGraw-Hill Ryerson Web site development centre. Instructor’s Manual – The IM contains a chapter overview, list of changes per chapter, chapter learning objectives, further information on boxed features, short and long discussion/essay questions, and details on additional readings and resources outside the textbook. Test Bank – Contains a bank of 40-60 multiple-choice and true/false questions per chapter. Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation – This presentation system offers visual presentations that may be edited and manipulated to fit a particular course format. They also contain selected solutions to the problem material. Transparencies A set of more than 200 transparencies tied to the text content are available for instructors. Chapter 9: Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks