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World Civ Greek Mythology and Literature Study Guide Name ___________________________ 1. Ancient Greek mythology were stories about the gods and heroes that were use to explain what? A. How the world works – natural or historic events. 2. What are some of the events the Gods were given credit for? A. Volcanoes attributed to Hephaestus and his underground forge, Demeter creating the seasons or Apollo pulling the sun through the sky. 3. What are ways the Greeks tried to keep the Gods happy? What did the Greeks expect in return? A. To honor the Gods, Greeks built temples in their honor. In return, they wanted help from the Gods when they needed it – good harvest, healing, easy childbirth. 4. What is the story of the Oracle of Delphi? A. People in need of help would go to the city of Delphi and spoke to the Oracle, a female priestess of Apollo that they thought the God would give answers to. She was so popular that even Greek leaders would seek advice in running their city-states. 5. Describe the role of heroes in Greek mythology. Who was the most famous and what was his story? A. Heroes could be real or imaginary and they went on great adventures. They all had special abilities and would fight terrible monsters. Each city had their own hero, usually someone from there. The most famous was Hercules who fought many fierce monsters and performed almost impossible tasks – for instance killing the Hydra. 6. Who was Homer and what did he write about? A. Homer was the greatest of ancient Greece and he wrote to epics – the Iliad and the Odyssey. The Iliad was the story of the last years of the Trojan War and the Odyssey was the tale of the hero Odysseus trying to get home from the war. 7. What was Lyric Poetry? Who was Sappho? A. Lyric poetry is poetry that is set to music. Poets would play a lyre while reading the poetry (lyre-lyric). Sappho, a female poet was the most famous of the lyric poets. Beautiful and emotional, most of her poems were about relationships and love. 8. Who was Aesop? What are fables? A. We are not sure if Aesop was real or made up, but he is credited with many fables – stories that teach the reader a lesson. 9. Describe the Greeks influence on language. A. Many Greek words are used in modern expressions such as titanic, odyssey or in names of places such as the Atlas mountains, Aegean Sea or Juno. 10. How did mythology inspire the arts? A. Heroes and Gods show up in movies, books and advertising – even business names or brands. 11. What are other areas of our culture that the Greeks have influenced? A. Food, government, business, etc. 12. What heroic abilities or traits do Achilles, Hector and Odysseus share? A. They are all brave warriors. 13. What were some of the main Gods of Greek mythology? A. Apollo, Zeus, Ares, Hermes, Athena, etc.