Download The GEF Land Degradation Focal Area - GEF-STAP

The GEF Land Degradation Focal Area
– Enhancing Ecosystem Services in Production
Landscapes
Presented at STAP Workshop on Soil Organic Carbon
Nairobi, September 10-12, 2012
Land Degradation Focal Area
Mandate – Finance efforts to arrest and reverse
current global trends in land degradation,
specifically desertification and deforestation.
Focus – Sustainable Land Management (SLM)
in production landscapes
Impacts:
• Flow of ecosystem services increased or maintained
• Sustained crop, livestock, and forest production (existing
areas)
• Sustainable livelihoods (development benefit)
GEF is a Financial Mechanism of
the UNCCD
 Land Degradation Focal Area is main GEF financing window 
Sustainable Land Management
 GEF financing leverages resources in agriculture, livestock,
forestry for global environmental benefits
 Investing in Sustainable Land Management supports
implementation of the UNCCD by affected country Parties
Drylands of the World
Arid
Semi-arid
Sub-humid
GEF Projects focusing on SLM
Source: UNEP/GRID-Arendal Maps and Graphics Library (http://www.wri.org/publication/content/8236)
Contexts for GEF Financing
- Land Degradation
Desertification…
Deforestation
GEF-5 LD Focal Area Objectives
1 Maintain or improve flow of agro-ecosystem services to
sustaining livelihoods
2 Generate sustainable flows of forest ecosystem services
in arid, semi-arid and sub-humid zones (drylands)
3 Reduce pressures on natural resources from competing
land uses in the wider landscape
4 Increase capacity to apply adaptive management tools
in SLM
Sustainable Land Management
• “….a knowledge-based procedure that integrates land,
water, biodiversity, and environmental management to
meet rising food and fiber demands while sustaining
livelihoods and the environment ” (World Bank 2006).
Advancing SLM Implementation
Agroforestry
Forest Landscape Management
Rangeland Management
Forest Landscape Restoration
Living sand barrier
Contour Terrace
Multiple Benefits through SLM
Ecosystem Services in Production Systems
– Soil fertility restoration and enhancement
– Land and water conservation and improvement
– Biodiversity conservation - above and below ground
– CC mitigation: Reduced GHG emissions and Carbon
sequestration
Development
– Climate-resilient production systems (CC adaptation)
– Options for household food security and income
Multifocal area projects
Deliver multiple environmental and social benefits, seeking synergy:
• LAND DEGRADATION: Maintain/improve flow of
ecosystem services (LD-1, LD-2);
Integrating landscapes and
improving cross-sectoral coordination (LD-3).
• BIODIVERSITY: Protected area management (BD-1)
or mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation and
sustainable use into production landscapes,
seascapes, and sectors (BD-2).
• CC MITIGATION: LULUCF component (CCM-5)
for mitigating climate change.
• CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION (LDCF/SCCF): SLM and
IEM as entry points for joint MFAs and programs
GEF-5 SFM/REDD-plus Program
 Goal: achieve multiple environmental
benefits from improved management of
all types of forests.
 Funding derives from three GEF Focal
Areas
(Biodiversity, Climate Change and Land
Degradation)
 Separate funding envelope created
outside the STAR to provide incentive
funding for interested countries
How The SFM/REDD+ Incentive Works
STAR Resources
BD
CC
Investments
from 2+ FAs
seeking
multiple
benefits from
managing
forests
sustainably
Incentive
funds
released in
ratio of 3:1 of
FA
investment
LD
e.g.
+
LD $1,000,000
CC $2,000,000
Total Project
$4,000,000
SFM $1,000,000
Typology of LD FA investments in GEF-5
LD-stand alone projects
Multifocal area projects
SFM/REDD+ projects
10 projects with ~ $38 million
LD resources (FY 11-12)
13 projects with ~ $42 million
LD resources (FY 11-12)
20+ projects with ~ $80 million
LD STAR resources (FY11-12)
#4332 Tajikistan: Upland
Agricultural Livelihoods and
Environmental Management
Project
#4583 Turkey: Sustainable Land
Management and Climate Friendly
Agriculture
#4332 Azerbaijan: Sustainable Land
and Forest Management in the
Greater Caucasus Landscape
#4754 Pakistan: Sustainable Land
Management Programme to
Combat Desertification
#4584 Kazakhstan: Improving
Sustainability of PA System in Desert
Ecosystems through promotion of
BD compatible Livelihoods in &
around PAs
#4744 Mongolia: Securing Forest
Ecosystems through Participatory
Management and Benefit Sharing
Programmatic Approaches
Roughly 40 million (25%) of the total $160 million committed in FY11-12 have been programmed
under programmatic approaches, including stand alone, MFA’s and SFM/REDD+ projects.
GMS Forests & Biodiversity
#4945 Cambodia: Collaborative
Management for Watershed and
Ecosystem Service Protection and
Rehabilitation in the Cardamom
Mountains (LD )
MENA-Deserts & Livelihoods
#5026 Jordan: Badia Ecosystem and
Livelihoods Project (BD+LD+CC)
Great Green Wall Initiative
#4907 Nigeria: Erosion and
Watershed Management Project
#4908 Chad: Agriculture
production support project
(BD+LD+SFM/REDD+)
Implications of the emerging Typology
• SLM
INRM
Carbon benefits in
Forest landscapes
• By leveraging other focal area resources for
SLM, LDFA agenda is being absorbed by the
carbon agenda
• What are the priorities of countries in different
types of LD projects?
• What guidance to give countries on how to
pursue SLM agenda in MFAs and SFM/REDD+
projects ?
Climate smart agriculture
How low carbon
options contribute
to agriculture
productivity and
food security ?
Climate change
Increased carbon in
soils
Decrease GHG
emissions
Agriculture
production and
productivity
Mitigation
More biomass,
more residue,
more production
Better land
management
Reduce poverty
and food security
Value to farmers,
communities,
society
More employment
Adaptation
Profit per ton of carbon dioxide sequestered (US$)
1000
No-tillage
Inorganic fertilizer
Intercropping
100
Alley farming
Manure
Cover crops
Soil amendments
Crop residues
10
Include trees
Terracing
Rotation diversification
Rotation
intensification
Afforestation
Rainwater
harvesting
Tree crop farming
Improved
fallow
Cross slope barriers
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
Carbon dioxide sequestered (ton per hectare per year)
Source: World Bank, 2012
Scenarios for SOC in GEF Projects
SOC for CC Mitigation
SLM+SFM+LULUCF for CC-M
SOC
“Normal” or sustainable level of SOC
SLM for food security
BAU
GEF Project with
LDFA Resources
GEF Project with
LD + MFA Resources
Conclusions
• GEF financing -> leverage investments in SLM to
manage soils for food security and CCA & M
• Demonstrating global environment benefits
requires tools for monitoring and measuring
• Application of the tools at multiple scales is
crucial for reporting – cost implications
• Engagement of scientists in GEF projects is key
to achieving this –
– partnership with GEF Agencies – FAO, UNDP, UNEP…
– South-south and North-south exchanges
Issues for Discussion
• Soil management options for LD focal area to
interface with CC-M and CC-A focal areas - managing
tradeoffs and harnessing synergies
• How can the GEF achieve more constructive
programming of SLM resources in the context of
emerging livelihood priorities? – food security,
climate-smart agriculture
• How should GEF manage expectations for measuring
and monitoring soil ecosystem services in SLM
projects?
• Can programmatic approaches be useful tools to
focus resources on specific thematic issues?