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Monday, November 18, 13 Mesopotamia Monday, November 18, 13 Mesopotamia GLOBAL STUDIES Monday, November 18, 13 Monday, November 18, 13 Mesopotamia Monday, November 18, 13 Mesopotamia Monday, November 18, 13 Monday, November 18, 13 Mesopotamia Monday, November 18, 13 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia means: “land between two rivers” Monday, November 18, 13 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia means: “land between two rivers” Civilization developed between the Euphrates and the Tigris Rivers Monday, November 18, 13 Mesopotamia Mesopotamia means: “land between two rivers” Civilization developed between the Euphrates and the Tigris Rivers By 3000 B.C. a number of cities are established by the Sumerians Monday, November 18, 13 Monday, November 18, 13 Role of the Environment Monday, November 18, 13 Role of the Environment Created in a region that agriculture is possible- IMPORTANCE? Irrigation and drainage possible- HOW? Forced people to work together and formed communities Monday, November 18, 13 Monday, November 18, 13 Role of the Environment Monday, November 18, 13 Role of the Environment Rivers supplied basics for existence food water sanitation Monday, November 18, 13 Role of the Environment Rivers supplied basics for existence food water sanitation Also provided for shelter How? basics of building? Monday, November 18, 13 Monday, November 18, 13 Role of the Environment Monday, November 18, 13 Role of the Environment Problems with living near a river valley? Monday, November 18, 13 Role of the Environment Problems with living near a river valley? Destroyed by frequent floods that ravaged entire cities Monday, November 18, 13 Role of the Environment Problems with living near a river valley? Destroyed by frequent floods that ravaged entire cities restrained political development (Sumer was a geographical maze) Monday, November 18, 13 Role of the Environment Problems with living near a river valley? Destroyed by frequent floods that ravaged entire cities restrained political development (Sumer was a geographical maze) Communication amongst the various isolated cities was very difficult Monday, November 18, 13 Monday, November 18, 13 Invention of Writing Monday, November 18, 13 Invention of Writing Origins of Writing probably go back to the ninth millennium B.C. Monday, November 18, 13 Invention of Writing Origins of Writing probably go back to the ninth millennium B.C. 4th millennium- realized that drawing tokens was easier than making tokens Monday, November 18, 13 Invention of Writing Origins of Writing probably go back to the ninth millennium B.C. 4th millennium- realized that drawing tokens was easier than making tokens Result was the development of cuneiform: “wedge-shaped” pictographic system Monday, November 18, 13 Monday, November 18, 13 Cuneiform Monday, November 18, 13 Cuneiform Monday, November 18, 13 Sumerian Society Sumer was different from all other earlier civilizations Advanced cities Specialized workers Complex institutions Record keeping Advanced technology Developed city-states Food surplus increased population expanded trade expansion of Sumerian society Monday, November 18, 13 Sumerian Society Polytheistic Wrote myths (Epic of Gilgamesh) Had social classes Priests and kings were at the top Slaves were at the bottom Women probably couldn’t attend school but had many other rights Advances in mathematics Number system based on 60 (60 seconds=1 minute) Monday, November 18, 13 Sumerian Inventions Monday, November 18, 13 Sumerian Inventions Wagon wheel Potter’s wheel (shape containers) Number system 12 month calendar Metal plow Sail Some of the earliest known maps Monday, November 18, 13 Sumerian Inventions Wagon wheel Potter’s wheel (shape containers) Number system 12 month calendar Metal plow Sail Some of the earliest known maps Monday, November 18, 13 From Sumerians to Babylonians Monday, November 18, 13 From Sumerians to Babylonians The Sumerian city-states eventually fell to foreign invaders (2000s BC) Monday, November 18, 13 From Sumerians to Babylonians The Sumerian city-states eventually fell to foreign invaders (2000s BC) The Akkadians: Monday, November 18, 13 From Sumerians to Babylonians The Sumerian city-states eventually fell to foreign invaders (2000s BC) The Akkadians: Semites- nomadic people from the Arabian Peninsula that migrated to Mesopotamia Monday, November 18, 13 From Sumerians to Babylonians The Sumerian city-states eventually fell to foreign invaders (2000s BC) The Akkadians: Semites- nomadic people from the Arabian Peninsula that migrated to Mesopotamia Sargon I (2300-2200 BC) unites all Mesopotamian cities (creates first empire) Monday, November 18, 13 From Sumerians to Babylonians The Sumerian city-states eventually fell to foreign invaders (2000s BC) The Akkadians: Semites- nomadic people from the Arabian Peninsula that migrated to Mesopotamia Sargon I (2300-2200 BC) unites all Mesopotamian cities (creates first empire) Under Sargon I Monday, November 18, 13 Babylonian Empire Monday, November 18, 13 Babylonian Empire Amorites (2000-1600 BC) Monday, November 18, 13 Babylonian Empire Amorites (2000-1600 BC) Located in modern day Syria Monday, November 18, 13 Babylonian Empire Amorites (2000-1600 BC) Located in modern day Syria Conquered many parts of old Sumeria (including Babylon) Monday, November 18, 13 Babylonian Empire Amorites (2000-1600 BC) Located in modern day Syria Conquered many parts of old Sumeria (including Babylon) Hammurabi--created a law code with harsh punishments Monday, November 18, 13 Babylonian Empire Amorites (2000-1600 BC) Located in modern day Syria Conquered many parts of old Sumeria (including Babylon) Hammurabi--created a law code with harsh punishments Borrowed heavily from Sumerian culture Monday, November 18, 13 Babylonian Empire Amorites (2000-1600 BC) Located in modern day Syria Conquered many parts of old Sumeria (including Babylon) Hammurabi--created a law code with harsh punishments Borrowed heavily from Sumerian culture After Hammurabi’s death Babylon declined Monday, November 18, 13 Hittites Monday, November 18, 13 Hittites Began to conquer Asia Minor (2000 BC) Monday, November 18, 13 Hittites Began to conquer Asia Minor (2000 BC) A strong army with chariots Monday, November 18, 13 Hittites Began to conquer Asia Minor (2000 BC) A strong army with chariots Conquered Babylon in 1595 BC) Monday, November 18, 13 Hittites Began to conquer Asia Minor (2000 BC) A strong army with chariots Conquered Babylon in 1595 BC) Borrowed from Mesopotamian and Egyptian culture Monday, November 18, 13 Hittites Began to conquer Asia Minor (2000 BC) A strong army with chariots Conquered Babylon in 1595 BC) Borrowed from Mesopotamian and Egyptian culture Had a law code less harsh than Hammurabi’s Monday, November 18, 13 Assyrians Monday, November 18, 13 Assyrians Started to gain strength about 900 BC Monday, November 18, 13 Assyrians Started to gain strength about 900 BC Powerful army Monday, November 18, 13 Assyrians Started to gain strength about 900 BC Powerful army Treated conquered people cruelly Monday, November 18, 13 Assyrians Started to gain strength about 900 BC Powerful army Treated conquered people cruelly Large empire with good roads Monday, November 18, 13 Assyrians Started to gain strength about 900 BC Powerful army Treated conquered people cruelly Large empire with good roads Collapsed about 612 BC Monday, November 18, 13 Chaldeans Monday, November 18, 13 Chaldeans Defeated the Assyrains in about 612 BC Monday, November 18, 13 Chaldeans Defeated the Assyrains in about 612 BC Descended from Hammarabi’s Babylonians Monday, November 18, 13 Chaldeans Defeated the Assyrains in about 612 BC Descended from Hammarabi’s Babylonians At its height during the rule of Nebuchadnezzar (605-562 BC) Monday, November 18, 13 Chaldeans Defeated the Assyrains in about 612 BC Descended from Hammarabi’s Babylonians At its height during the rule of Nebuchadnezzar (605-562 BC) Spent a lot of money on Babylon Monday, November 18, 13 Chaldeans Defeated the Assyrains in about 612 BC Descended from Hammarabi’s Babylonians At its height during the rule of Nebuchadnezzar (605-562 BC) Spent a lot of money on Babylon Built Hanging Gardens Monday, November 18, 13 Chaldeans Defeated the Assyrains in about 612 BC Descended from Hammarabi’s Babylonians At its height during the rule of Nebuchadnezzar (605-562 BC) Spent a lot of money on Babylon Built Hanging Gardens Empire collapsed in 539 BC after being defeated by the Persians Monday, November 18, 13 Persians Monday, November 18, 13 Persians Were Indo-Europeans Monday, November 18, 13 Persians Were Indo-Europeans Cyrus (conquered from the Nile to the Indus) Monday, November 18, 13 Persians Were Indo-Europeans Cyrus (conquered from the Nile to the Indus) Darius I Monday, November 18, 13 Persians Were Indo-Europeans Cyrus (conquered from the Nile to the Indus) Darius I Administered the empire using satraps (governors) Monday, November 18, 13 Persians Were Indo-Europeans Cyrus (conquered from the Nile to the Indus) Darius I Administered the empire using satraps (governors) Tolerant to those who were conquered Monday, November 18, 13 Persians Were Indo-Europeans Cyrus (conquered from the Nile to the Indus) Darius I Administered the empire using satraps (governors) Tolerant to those who were conquered Increased trade and built roads Monday, November 18, 13 Persians Were Indo-Europeans Cyrus (conquered from the Nile to the Indus) Darius I Administered the empire using satraps (governors) Tolerant to those who were conquered Increased trade and built roads Lost to the Greeks in 480 BC Monday, November 18, 13
