Download NUR 101 Body Structure and Function

NUR 101 Body Structure and
Function
Module D- Introduction to the Organ
Systems of the Body
Major Organ Systems of the
Body
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Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
(circulatory )
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Lymphatic
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
Integumentary System
 Components of the integumentary
system include:
 Skin
 Hair
 Nails
 Sense receptors
 Sweat glands
 Oil glands
Integumentary System
 Functions of the Integumentary system:
1. Primary function is protection of
underlying tissue against invasion of bacteria,
most chemical and mechanical injury
2. Regulates body temperature
3. Functions as a sophisticated sense organ
4. Synthesizes important chemicals
Skeletal System
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1.
2.
3.
4.
Components of the skeletal system
include:
206 bones
Cartilage
Ligaments
joints
Skeletal System
 Functions of the Skeletal system:
1. Provides the body with a rigid framework for
support and protection
2. Makes movement of body parts possible
3. Serve as storage area for important minerals
such as calcium and phosphorus
4. Formation of blood cells in the red marrow of
certain bones
Muscular System
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Components of the Muscular system
include:
1. Voluntary or skeletal muscles
2. Involuntary or smooth muscles
3. Cardiac muscle
Muscular System
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1.
2.
3.
Functions of the Muscular system:
Provide movement
Maintenance of body posture
Production of heat
Nervous System
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1.
2.
3.
4.
Components of the Nervous system
Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves
Sense organs
Nervous System
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Functions of the Nervous system:
Communication between body functions
Integration of body functions
Control of body functions
Recognition of sensory stimuli
Control is rapid and short in duration
Endocrine System
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Pituitary
Pineal gland
Hypothalamus
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
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Thymus
Adrenals
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes
Endocrine System
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Functions of the Endocrine system:
Communication between body functions
Integration of body functions
Control of body functions
Control is slow and long in duration
Hormone regulation of: growth,
metabolism, reproduction, fluid and
electrolyte balance
Cardiovascular System
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Components of the Cardiovascular
system :
1. Heart
2. Blood vessels
Cardiovascular System
 Functions of the Cardiovascular
system;
 Transportation of oxygen, carbon dioxide,
nutrients, hormones and other
substances
 Regulates temperature
 Defense of the body or immunity
Lymphatic System
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Components of the Lymphatic system:
Lymph nodes
Lymph vessels
Thymus
Spleen
Tonsils
Lymphatic System
 Functions of the Lymphatic system
 Movement of fluids and certain large
molecules from tissue spaces around the
cells
 Movement of fat-related nutrients from
the digestive tract to the blood
 Involved in the functioning of the immune
system
Respiratory System
 Components of the Respiratory
System:
 Nose
 Pharynx
 Larynx
 Trachea
 Bronchi
 Lungs
Respiratory System
 Functions of the Respiratory system
 The alveoli in the lungs exchange waste
gas (carbon dioxide ) for oxygen
 Filtration of irritants from inspired air
 Regulation of acid- base balance
Digestive System
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Primary Organs
Mouth
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anal canal
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Accessory Organs
Teeth
Salivary glands
Tongue
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Appendix
Digestive System
 Functions of the Digestive system
 Mechanical and chemical breakdown of
food
 Absorption of nutrients
 Undigested waste product is eliminated
through fecal material
Urinary System
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Components of the Urinary system
Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Urinary System
 Functions of the Urinary system
 Maintains the electrolyte, water, and acidbase balance
 Transports urine and semen through the
urethra
 Involved in the elimination of waste
products through urine
Reproductive System :
Male
 Components of the male reproductive
system
 Gonads – Testes
 Genital Ducts - Ductus (vas) deferens, Urethra
 Accessory organs – Prostate
 Genitalia- Penis, Scrotum
Reproductive System :
Female
 Components of the female
reproductive system
 Gonads- Ovaries
 Accessory organs – Uterus, Uterine
(fallopian) tubes, Vagina
 Genitalia- Vulva
 Mammary glands - Breasts
Reproductive System
 Functions of the reproductive system
 Ensures survival of the species
 Production of hormones permit the
development of sexual characteristics
 Transfer and fertilization of sex cells
 Development and birth of offspring
 Nourishment of offspring