Download Operating System - Shree HN Shukla College

SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
Material
STREAM: M.Sc(IT & CA)Sem-1
SUB: Operating System (windows 2003 server )
CHAPTER_1: Overview of O.S tasks
(1) Operating system

An operating system, or OS, is a software program that enables the computer hardware to communicate
and operate with the computer software. Without a computer operating system, a computer would be
useless.
(2) What is o.s. and function of os.
O.S platform between hardware and software .
1.
2.
3.
4.
Processors Management: It controls different task that is to be performed by computer system.
Memory Management: It give memory is the programs and hardware.
Input/Output Management: It transfer data from memory to program as well as program to memory.
File Management: it transfer data to and from the file. I also transfer data from file to memory and hardware
devices. It also modify data of the file.
5. It gives Job Priority: It gives priority to all the job of the computer system. This means that it gives order to all
jobs.
It uses control statement to transfer data between the jobs.
It executes interaction command.
It gives data security.
It gives data Integrity.
It gives error message error detecting and debugging.
It controls time clock and stores information about the users.
It gives facility for computer system.
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
1
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
(3)Operating System Types

As computers have progressed and developed so have the types of operating systems. Below is a basic list of
the different types of operating systems and a few examples of operating systems that fall into each of the
categories. Many computer operating systems will fall into more than one of the below categories.

GUI - Short for Graphical User Interface, a GUI Operating System contains graphics and icons and is
commonly navigated by using a computer mouse.

Batch Processing System
– Data or programs are collected grouped and processed at a later date.
– Example : Payroll, stock control and billing systems.
–
–
–
–
 Real time Systems
Inputs immediately affect the outputs. Timing is critical
i.e. they are capable of influencing the source of the data e.g. control where data from sensors is
processed immediately and affect the outputs –controlling some device.
Timing is critical and the term real-time control system.
Example: control of nuclear power plants, oil refining, chemical processing and air traffic control
systems.

Online processing
– Processing performed under the direct control of the CPU whilst the user remains in communication
with the computer.

Distributed system
– Processing is carried out independently in more than one location, but with shared and controlled
access to some common facilities.
– Databases e.g. libraries.

Multiprogramming:
– Ability to run many programs apparently at the same time.
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
2
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
– Mainframe systems. Each job is allocated a small amount of processing time (time slice) in turn.


Multi-user
– A multi-user operating system allows for multiple users to use the same computer at the same time
and/or different times.
Multiprocessing - An operating system capable of supporting and utilizing more than one computer processor.

Multithreading - Operating systems that allow different parts of a software program to run concurrently.
Operating system
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BSD
Caldera Linux
HP-UX
OS/2
Linux
MAC OS X
MS-DOS
Novel Netware
Red Hat Linux
SCO
Sun Solaris
Unix
Windows 2000
Windows 2003
Windows 3.X
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows CE
Windows ME
Windows NT
Windows Vista
Windows XP
Xenix
Platform
Developer
Various
BSD
SCO
Hewlett Packard
IBM/PC
IBM & Microsoft
Various
Linus Torvalds
Apple Mac
Apple
IBM /PC
Microsoft
Various
Netware
Various
Red Hat
Various
SCO
Various
Sun
Various
Bell labs
IBM / PC
Microsoft
IBM / PC
Microsoft
IBM / PC
Microsoft
IBM / PC
Microsoft
IBM/PC
Microsoft
PDA
Microsoft
IBM / PC
Microsoft
IBM / PC
Microsoft
IBM / PC
Microsoft
IBM / PC
Microsoft
Various
Microsoft
Various
Various
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
3
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
CHAPTER_2 : Essential of Network Operating systems
1)What is NOS:
Definition: NOS (Network operating system): The system software of a local area network (LAN) that integrates the
network's hardware components, usually adequate for connecting up to 50 workstations. Included, typically, are such
features as a menu-driven administration interface, tape backup of file-server software, security restrictions, facilities for
sharing printers, central storage of application programs and databases, remote log-in via modem, and support for
discuss workstations. A network operating system establishes and maintains the connection between the workstations
and the file server; the physical connections alone aren't sufficient to support networking. The operating system consists
of two parts: the file server software and workstation software. See LAN memory management program, and NetWare.
From QUECID
Definition: A NOS is a network operating system. A network operating system implements protocol stacks as well as
device drivers for networking hardware. Some network operating systems, like Windows 98 Second Edition, also add
custom networking features like Internet Connection Sharing (ICS).
Network operating systems have existed for more than thirty years. The UNIX® operating system was designed from the
beginning to support networking. In its early forms, Windows did not support networking, so Novell NetWare became
the first popular network operating system for the personal computer (Windows 95 and Windows for Workgroups were
Microsoft's first network operating system products). Today, nearly any consumer operating system qualifies as a NOS
due to the popularity of the Internet and the obvious need to support Internet Protocol (IP) networking at a minimum.
What is a network operating system (NOS)?
A network operating system (NOS) is an operating system that manages network resources: essentially, an operating
system that includes special functions for connecting computers and devices into a local area network (LAN). The NOS
manages multiple requests (inputs) concurrently and provides the security necessary in a multiuser environment. It may
be a completely self-contained operating system, such as NetWare, Unix, Windows 2000, or Mac OS X, or it may require
an existing operating system in order to function (e.g., Windows 3.11 for Workgroups requires DOS; LAN Server requires
OS/2; LANtastic requires DOS). In addition to file and print services, a NOS may also offer directory services and a
messaging system (email), as well as network management and multiprotocol routing capabilities.
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
4
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
2)Requirement of NOS:
Local Area Network (LAN) Four Station Peer to Peer - The Ethernet hub connects the computer stations together to
allow data and hardware resources to be shared. Ethernet hubs are now available in wireless format as well, eliminating
the need for wires.
Wide Area Networking (WAN) - Large Chain or Franchise with Multiple Geographic Locations Interconnected
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
5
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
3)File systems:
In computing, a file system (often also written as file system) is a method for storing and organizing computer files and
the data they contain to make it easy to find and access them. File systems may use a data storage device such as a hard
disk or CD-ROM and involve maintaining the physical location of the files, they might provide access to data on a file
server by acting as clients for a network protocol (e.g., NFS, SMB, or 9P clients), or they may be virtual and exist only as
an access method for virtual data (e.g., profes).
More formally, a file system is a special-purpose database for the storage, hierarchical organization, manipulation,
navigation, access, and retrieval of data.
The most familiar file systems make use of an underlying data storage device that offers access to an array of fixed-size
blocks, sometimes called sectors, generally a power of 2 in size (512 bytes or 1, 2, or 4 KB are most common). The file
system software is responsible for organizing these sectors into files and directories, and keeping track of which sectors
belong to which file and which are not being used. Most file systems address data in fixed-sized units called "clusters" or
"blocks" which contain a certain number of disk sectors (usually 1-64). This is the smallest logical amount of disk space
that can be allocated to hold a file.
File names
Whether the file system has an underlying storage device or not, file systems typically have directories which associate
file names with files, usually by connecting the file name to an index in a file allocation table of some sort, such as the
FAT in a DOS file system, or an inode in a Unix-like file system
4)Types of file systems:
File system types can be classified into disk file systems, network file systems and special purpose file systems.
Disk file systems
A disk file system is a file system designed for the storage of files on a data storage device, most commonly a disk drive,
which might be directly or indirectly connected to the computer. Examples of disk file systems include FAT (FAT12,
FAT16, FAT32), NTFS, HFS and HFS+, ext2, ext3, ISO 9660, ODS-5, and UDF.
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
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SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
Flash file systems
A flash file system is a file system designed for storing files on flash memory devices. These are becoming more
prevalent as the number of mobile devices is increasing, and the capacity of flash memories catches up with hard drives.
Database file systems
A new concept for file management is the concept of a database-based file system. Instead of, or in addition to,
hierarchical structured management, files are identified by their characteristics, like type of file, topic, author, or similar
metadata.
File systems under Unix-like operating systems
Unix-like operating systems create a virtual file system, which makes all the files on all the devices appear to exist in a
single hierarchy. This means, in those systems, there is one root directory, and every file existing on the system is
located under it somewhere. Furthermore, the root directory does not have to be in any physical place. It might not be
on your first hard drive - it might not even be on your computer. Unix-like systems can use a network shared resource as
its root directory.
5)File systems under Linux
Linux supports many different file systems, but common choices for the system disk include the ext* family (such as ext2
and ext3), XFS, JFS and ReiserFS.
File systems under Microsoft Windows
Windows makes use of the FAT and NTFS (New Technology File System) file systems.
The File Allocation Table (FAT) filing system, supported by all versions of Microsoft Windows, was an evolution of that
used in Microsoft's earlier operating system (MS-DOS which in turn was based on 86-DOS). FAT ultimately traces its
roots back to the short-lived M-DOS project and Standalone disk BASIC before it. Over the years various features have
been added to it, inspired by similar features found on file systems used by operating systems such as Unix.
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
7
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
Older versions of the FAT file system (FAT12 and FAT16) had file name length limits, a limit on the number of entries in
the root directory of the file system and had restrictions on the maximum size of FAT-formatted disks or partitions.
Specifically, FAT12 and FAT16 had a limit of 8 characters for the file name, and 3 characters for the extension. This is
commonly referred to as the 8.3 filename limit. VFAT, which was an extension to FAT12 and FAT16 introduced in
Windows NT 3.5 and subsequently included in Windows 95, allowed long file names (LFN). FAT32 also addressed many
of the limits in FAT12 and FAT16, but remains limited compared to NTFS.
NTFS, introduced with the Windows NT operating system, allowed ACL-based permission control. Hard links, multiple file
streams, attribute indexing, quota tracking, compression and mount-points for other file systems (called "junctions") are
also supported, though not all these features are well-documented
6)Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
Following Step required installing Windows 2003.
1. Configure the computer’s BIOS or the disk controller BIOS to boot from CD-ROM. If you are not sure how to
configure your computer or disk controller to boot from CD-ROM, consult your hardware documentation.
2. Insert the Windows Server 2003 installation CD-ROM into the CD-ROM
drive and restart the computer.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
3. After configuring the system for booting from a CD, the Windows Setup screen appears.
• At this point, Setup is loading the driver files it needs to continue with installation.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
4. The "Time Limited" warning screen appears with the option of Continuing Setup or Quitting.
Press ENTER to Continue Setup or F3 to Quit and reboot the system.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
5. The "Welcome to Setup" screen appears with the option of Continuing Setup, Repair a previous installation,or
Quitting.
• Press ENTER to Continue Setup.
• You may also choose R to Repair, or F3 to Quit and reboot the system.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
6. The "Windows Licensing Agreement" screen, otherwise known as "EULA," displays the legal in's and out's of
this particular software package.
• You may press F8 to signify that you agree with the terms, hit ESC if you do not agree and PAGE UP or PAGE
DOWN to scroll through each screen. Note: If you do not agree to the terms, setup will quit and reboot the
system.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
7 Hard drive partition information is now displayed. This varies with each systems hardware configuration.
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
8
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
•
This example already has a partition defined. I will choose not to use this and create a new one by pressing D.
You may skip this and the next few steps if you do not have any partitions defined.
• At this point, the options include pressing ENTER to Install on the selected partition, D to Delete the selected
partition, or F3 to Quit and reboot the system.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
8 After pressing D to delete the selected partition, a warning screen appears explaining the pitfalls of deleting it.
This particular screen only appears when the partition selected to be deleted is formatted as a bootable system
partition. Other partitions will display the next screen.
• I want this to happen, so I press ENTER to Continue.
• The options include pressing ENTER to Continue, or ESC to Cancel.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
9 A confirmation screen that displays the logical drive, what file system the partition is currently using, the size in
MB and controller information.
• Options include L to Delete the partition and ESC to Cancel the action.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
10 If no partitions have been previously defined, this screen will be displayed. You may section your hard drive in as
many partitions as you wish by selecting C to Create a Partition and then entering in a value less then the total available.
Here, I will Create a Partition in the highlighted, unused portion.
• Select the partition you wish to install to using the UP arrow and DOWN ARROW keys.
• Press ENTER to use the highlighted partition and Install, C to Create a Partition, or F3 to Quit and reboot the
system.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
11 Enter in the partition size in MB within the displayed minimum and maximum.
• You may choose ENTER to Create the new partition or ESC to Cancel the action.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
12 Continue to create partitions until all space is used or the configuration meets your requirements. Note: a small
portion will be unavailable to partition. This is normal. In this example, it is 8 MB.
• I chose drive C: or Partition1 to install the Operating System.
• You may choose ENTER to Install to the selected partition, D to Delete the highlighted Partition, or F3 to Quit
and reboot the system.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
13 Select what format you wish to use by pressing the UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW keys.
• Press ENTER to confirm your selection and Continue or ESC to Cancel.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
14 Watch the progress bar as Setup formats the partition, It may take awhile.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
15 After the partition is finished formatting, Setup copies various files to support booting from the hard drive and
continue on.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
9
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
Setup then creates various information files required to continue on with setup.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
16. The first reboot and the end of the blue background has arrived. If you are impatient, press ENTER to Restart
before the 15 seconds expire.
• ENTER to Restart the Computer is the only option available.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
17 The new Windows Server 2003 Family boot screen is displayed.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
18 Windows Server 2003 Installation:
Sit back. It may be awhile.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
19 Region and Input Languages Option:
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
20 Enter in your Name and optional Organization information, then select the Next button.
• Select the Next button to continue.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
21 Enter your unique 25 digit Product Key that came with your CD or
download, then select the Next button.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
22 Configure the Licensing mode.
• Options are Per server or Per seat.
• Per server is usually used for a single-server network.
• Per client is used if all of the concurrent connections is higher than the number of clients or seats that you have.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
23 Enter an Administrator Password now. It is very important that you keep this information safe and remember
what it is!
• Select the Next button to continue.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
24 If the chosen password does not meet acceptable guidelines, a warning box will appear with suggestions on how
to make the system more secure
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
25 Configure the proper information for the Date, Time and Time Zone here.
•
Select the Next button to continue.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
26 Faster development of applications, but still slow install times. Wait here while the Network is installing.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
27 The Network Settings Dialog is next. Under usual circumstances, the Typical settings are fine.
Choose your method and select the Next button.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
28 Custom settings for network (Network Load Balancing)
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
10
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
29. File and Print Sharing for Microsoft Networks has several options not available with Windows XP Home or
Professional.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
30 TCP/IP Properties contains the standard options. Adjust them for your particular needs as required. For now, I kept
the default settings. Basically, it is using DHCP to configure TCP/IP. If you are using a static IP address, enter in the
proper information here.
• Select the Advanced button to further configure your TCP/IP options.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
31 Workgroup or Computer Domain, that is the question.
• Select the Next button after making your choice.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
32 Install screen appear.
• The system will reboot after all files have been copied over to the install partition. Now may be a good time to
take a break. It may be awhile.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
33 The moment we have all been waiting for, Windows 2003 is starting up
for the first time.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
34 Hit the "Three Finger Salute" combination of Ctrl+Alt+Delete to login to the Administrator account.
• You did remember your password, right?!?
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
35 Enter your password to login to the Administrator account.
• Select OK to continue.
• Windows 2003 Enterprise Server Installation :
36 A welcoming screen is included with tools to manage the server.
7) what is subnetting:
SUBNETTING IS A PROCESS THAT SAPRATE NETWORK BIT AND HOST BIT FROM ANY CLASS OF IP ADDRESS.
IT IS AVAIABLE WITH ALL CLASS.
IT HAS TWO METHODS
1)VLSM-VARIABLE LENGTH SUBNET MASK
2)CIDR-CLASSLESS INTER-DOMAIN ROUTING.
IT REDUCE WASTAGE OF IP ADDRESS IN ANY NETWORK.
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
11
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
7.1) Subnetting Example:
Define no of subnets for following network.
1)192.168.10.0/24 -------create 7 sunets
Step-1 : 2n-2 >= no of. Req. subnets
24 -2 >= 7
16-2 >= 7
14 >= 7
So n=4
Step-2 : 255.255.255.0
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
New subnet mask is : 255.255.255.240
Step-3 :
256 – 240 = 16
Step-4 :
1st Subnet : 192.168.10.16------First network id
192.168.10.17------First network ip address
|
|
192.168.10.30------Last network ip address
192.168.10.31------Broadcast network id
8) WHAT IS SUPERNETTING:
SUPERNETTING IS AN COLLECTION OF DIFFERENT NETWORK RANGE OF ANY ONE CLASS.
IT IS USED AFTER SUBNETTING IS COMPLETE.
IT IS USED WITH ALL 3 CLASS MEANS CLASS A,B,C.
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
12
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
9)ADD/REMOVE components of 2003 server:
•
•
•
•
•
After installing and activating Windows, you can configure the server using the Manage Your Server page, that
launches automatically at logon.
The page facilitates the installation of specific services, tools, and configurations based on server roles.
Click Add Or Remove A Role and the Configure Your Server Wizard appears.
If you select Typical Configuration For A First Server, the Configure Your Server Wizard promotes the server to a
domain controller in a new domain, installs Active Directory services, and, if needed, Domain Name Service
(DNS), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), and Routing And Remote Access (RRAS) service.
If you select Custom Configuration, the Configure Your Server Wizard can configure the following roles:
• File Server
Provides convenient, centralized access to files and directories for individual users, departments, and entire
organizations. Choosing this option allows you to manage user disk space by enabling and configuring disk quota
management and to provide improved file system search performance by enabling the Indexing service.
• Print Server
Provides centralized and managed access to printing devices by serving shared printers and printer drivers to client
computers. Choosing this option starts the Add Printer Wizard to install printers and their associated Windows printer
drivers. It also installs Internet Information Services (IIS 6.0) and configures Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) and installs
the Web-based printer administration tools.
•
Application Server (IIS, ASP.NET)
Provides infrastructure components required to support the hosting of Web applications. This role installs and
config- ures IIS 6.0 as well as ASP.NET and COM+.
• Mail Server (POP3, SMTP) Installs POP3 and SMTP so that the server can act as an e-mail server for POP3
clients.
•
Terminal Server Provides applications and server resources, such as printers and storage, to multiple users as
if those applications and resources were installed on their own computers. Users connect with the Terminal
Services or Remote Desktop clients. Unlike Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003 provides Remote Desktop for
Administration automatically. Terminal Server roles are required only when hosting applications for users on a
terminal server.
• Remote Access/VPN Server Provides multiple-protocol routing and remote access services for dial-in, local
area networks (LANs) and wide area networks (WANs). Virtual private network (VPN) connections allow remote
sites and users to connect securely to the network using standard Internet connections
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
13
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
•
•
•
•
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
Domain Controller (Active Directory) Provides directory services to clients in the network. This option
configures a domain controller for a new or existing domain and installs DNS. Choosing this option runs the
Active Directory Installa- tion Wizard.
• DNS Server Provides host name resolution by translating host names to IP addresses (forward
lookups) and ip addresses to host names (reverse lookups). Choosing this option installs the DNS
service, and then starts the Configure A DNS Server Wizard
DHCP Server Provides automatic IP addressing services to clients configured to use dynamic IP addressing.
Choosing this option installs DHCP services and then starts the New Scope Wizard to define one or more IP
address scopes in the network. n
Streaming Media Server Provides Windows Media Services (WMS). WMS enables the server to stream
multimedia content over an intranet or the Internet. Content can be stored and delivered on demand or
delivered in real time. Choos- ing this option installs WMS
WINS Server Provides computer name resolution by translating NetBIOS names to IP addresses. It is not
necessary to install Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) unless you are supporting legacy operating systems,
such as Windows 95 or Windows NT. Operating systems such as Windows 2000 and Windows XP do not require
WINS, although legacy applications on those platforms may very well require NetBIOS name resolution.
Choosing this option installs WINS.
10) Active Directory :
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Microsoft Windows networks support two directory service models:
The workgroup
And the domain.
The domain model is by far the more common in organizations implementing Windows Server 2003.
The domain model is characterized by a single directory of enterprise resources that is trusted by all secure
systems that belong to the domain.
Those systems can therefore use the security principals (user, group, and computer accounts) in the directory to
secure their resources.
Active Directory thus acts as an identity store, providing a single trusted list of Who’s Who in the domain.
Active Directory itself is more than just a database,
It is a collection of supporting files including transaction logs and the system volume, or Sysvol, that contains
logon scripts and group policy information.
It is the services that support and use the database, including Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP),
Kerberos security protocol, replication processes, and the File Replication Service (FRS).
The database and its services are installed on one or more domain controllers.
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
14
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
•
•
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
A domain controller is a server that has been promoted by running the Active Directory Installation Wizard by
running DCPROMO from the command line or by running the Configure Your Server Wizard.
Once a server has become a domain controller, it hosts a copy, or replica, of Active Directory and changes to the
database on any domain controller are replicated to all domain controllers within the domain.
11) Domains, Trees and Forests:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Domain : Administrative unit of Active Directory
Tree : A collection of one or more domains
Forest : A collection of one or more trees
Active Directory cannot exist without at least one domain.
A domain is the core administrative unit of the Windows Server 2003 directory service.
An enterprise may have more than one domain in its Active Directory.
Multiple domain models create logical structures called trees when they share contiguous DNS names.
For example cgs.com cgs.nyc.com, and cgs.europe.com share contiguous DNS namespace, and would
therefore be referred to as a tree.
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
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SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
Domains, Trees and Forests
•
•
•
•
If domains in an Active Directory do not share a common root domain, they create multiple trees.
That leads you to the largest structure in an Active Directory: the forest.
An Active Directory forest includes all domains within that Active Directory.
A forest may contain multiple domains in multiple trees, or just one domain.
•
When more than one domain exists, a component of Active Directory called the Global Catalog becomes
important because it provides information about objects that are located in other domains in the forest and
reduces LDAP queries to Active Directory.
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
16
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
12) USER ACCOUNT:
A user account consists of Username and password Group membership Rights and permissions to access
resources.
Windows Server 2003 Computer configured as a Domain Controller with Active Directory
User accounts are managed by Active Directory Users and computers
Windows Server 2003 computer member Server (not a Domain Controller) and Windows XP workstations
User accounts are managed by Local Users and Groups
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
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SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
To access Windows 2003 network a user needs an account
Account determines 3 factors:
- when a user may log on
- where within the domain/workgroup
- what privilege level a user is assigned
13)COMPUTER ACCOUNTS:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Computer accounts are used to identify computers in a domain with their security principles – SID
A user with a valid user account and a password in Active Directory can not log on to a domain, if the computer
is not represented in that domain
Each Windows Server 2003 computer, Windows XP, Windows 2000 Server and Professional computer, Windows
NT Server and workstation computer must have a computer account in an Active Directory - Domain Controller
(DC) to participate in a domain
Windows 95, 98, Me computers must install Active Directory Client software to participate in a domain
Computer account password is generated automatically by the operating system and kept hidden
Computer accounts are created and stored in the Active Directory like User and group accounts
Like users and group accounts, computer accounts have their own specific attributes or properties by which
they can be searched and identified in the Active Directory
They can be members of security or distribution groups and inherit permissions from group objects
They inherit group policy settings from container objects such as domains, sites and Organizational Units (OUs)
14)GROUP ACCOUNNTS:
Groups are a collection of user and computer accounts that you manage as a single unit.
•
•
•
•
Groups simplify administration by enabling you to grant permissions to resources to the group rather that to
each user individually.
Are characterized by Scope and Type.
Groups can be nested (groups can be members of other groups).
In addition to user accounts, you can add other groups, contacts, and computers to groups
Windows 2000 provides the ability to create groups:
in a stand-alone computer security accounts database
in Active Directory.
Types of Groups:
• Security groups :
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
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SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
–
•
Windows 2000 itself only uses security groups, which you use to assign permissions to access resources
and rights to perform tasks
– Has all of the same functionality as distribution groups
Distribution groups :
– Applications can use distribution groups as lists for nonsecurity-related functions
– You cannot use distribution groups to assign rights and permissions
HOW TO CREATE GROUP:
•
Active Directory Users and Computers Right click the OU or Container you want to create a group in
and click New>>Group
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
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SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
”Sky is the Limit”
20
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
15)MICROSOFT MANAGEMENT CONSOLE:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
MMC is the primary tool used to administer Windows Server 2003.
In a Windows Server 2003 environment, administrator will normally be responsible for more than one server.
A large number of pre-configured MMC are available in the Administrative Tools menu.
A useful tool for administrators to manage Windows computers anywhere on the network (remote server and
clients) is Microsoft Management Console (MMC)
MMC provides a customizable management framework for hosting multiple management tools (snap-ins)
MMC with one or more snap-ins is called console
Can add and remove management tools as necessary and save as a custom MMC console file with .msc
extension
Most of the shortcuts in the Administrative Tools program group are preconfigured MMC consoles.
•
The executable file for MMC is Mmc.exe.
•
Run this file from the Run dialog box or command prompt.
Empty console appears, select Add/Remove snap-in from the File menu
Select and add as many stand-alone snap-ins to a console and save it as a custom console with .msc file extension.
•
Can access a remote computer through selecting Connect to Another Computer from Action menu in the MMC
snap-in.
• Also, by using Add/Remove snap in from File menu, selecting what computer you want to manage from the list
of snap-ins and then clicking Add button.
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
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SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
Operating system

An operating system, or OS, is a software program that enables the computer
hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. Without a
computer operating system, a computer would be useless.
Operating System Types

As computers have progressed and developed so have the types of operating
systems. Below is a basic list of the different types of operating systems and a
few examples of operating systems that fall into each of the categories. Many
computer operating systems will fall into more than one of the below
categories.

GUI - Short for Graphical User Interface, a GUI Operating System contains
graphics and icons and is commonly navigated by using a computer mouse.

Batch Processing System
– Data or programs are collected grouped and processed at a later date.
– Example : Payroll, stock control and billing systems.

Real time Systems
– Inputs immediately affect the outputs. Timing is critical
– i.e. they are capable of influencing the source of the data e.g. control where
data from sensors is processed immediately and affect the outputs –
controlling some device.
– Timing is critical and the term real-time control system.
– Example: control of nuclear power plants, oil refining, chemical processing
and air traffic control systems.

Online processing
– Processing performed under the direct control of the CPU whilst the
user remains in communication with the computer.

Distributed system
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
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SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
– Processing is carried out independently in more than one location, but with
shared and controlled access to some common facilities.
– Databases e.g. libraries.

Multiprogramming:
– Ability to run many programs apparently at the same time.
– Mainframe systems. Each job is allocated a small amount of processing time
(time slice) in turn.















Multi-user
– A multi-user operating system allows for multiple users to use the same
computer at the same time and/or different times.
Multiprocessing - An operating system capable of supporting and utilizing more
than one computer processor.
Multithreading - Operating systems that allow different parts of a software
program to run concurrently.
Operating system
Platform
Developer
BSD
Caldera Linux
HP-UX
OS/2
Linux
MAC OS X
MS-DOS
Novel Netware
Red Hat Linux
SCO
Sun Solaris
Unix
Various
Various
Various
IBM/PC
Various
Apple Mac
IBM /PC
Various
Various
Various
Various
Various
BSD
SCO
Hewlett Packard
IBM & Microsoft
Linus Torvalds
Apple
Microsoft
Netware
Red Hat
SCO
Sun
Bell labs
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
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SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030











Windows
Windows
Windows
Windows
Windows
Windows
Windows
Windows
Windows
Windows
Xenix
2000
2003
3.X
95
98
CE
ME
NT
Vista
XP
IBM / PC
IBM / PC
IBM / PC
IBM / PC
IBM/PC
PDA
IBM / PC
IBM / PC
IBM / PC
IBM / PC
Various
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
Microsoft
Microsoft
Microsoft
Microsoft
Microsoft
Microsoft
Microsoft
Microsoft
Microsoft
Microsoft
Microsoft
Comparison of operating systems
Desktop OS Market Share
as of June, 2008
Windows - 90.89%
Mac - 7.94%
Linux - 0.80%
SunOS - 0.01%
Other - 0.36%
What is NOS
Definition: NOS (Network operating system): The system software of a local area
network (LAN) that integrates the network's hardware components, usually adequate for
connecting up to 50 workstations. Included, typically, are such features as a menudriven administration interface, tape backup of file-server software, security restrictions,
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
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SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
facilities for sharing printers, central storage of application programs and databases,
remote log-in via modem, and support for discuss workstations. A network operating
system establishes and maintains the connection between the workstations and the file
server; the physical connections alone aren't sufficient to support networking. The
operating system consists of two parts: the file server software and workstation
software. See LAN memory management program, and NetWare. From QUECID
Definition: A NOS is a network operating
implements protocol stacks as well as device
network operating systems, like Windows 98
networking features like Internet Connection
system. A network operating system
drivers for networking hardware. Some
Second Edition, also add custom
Sharing (ICS).
Network operating systems have existed for more than thirty years. The UNIX®
operating system was designed from the beginning to support networking. In its early
forms, Windows did not support networking, so Novell NetWare became the first popular
network operating system for the personal computer (Windows 95 and Windows for
Workgroups were Microsoft's first network operating system products). Today, nearly
any consumer operating system qualifies as a NOS due to the popularity of the Internet
and the obvious need to support Internet Protocol (IP) networking at a minimum.
What is a network operating system (NOS)?
A network operating system (NOS) is an operating system that manages network resources:
essentially, an operating system that includes special functions for connecting computers and devices
into a local area network (LAN). The NOS manages multiple requests (inputs) concurrently and
provides the security necessary in a multiuser environment. It may be a completely self-contained
operating system, such as NetWare, Unix, Windows 2000, or Mac OS X, or it may require an existing
operating system in order to function (e.g., Windows 3.11 for Workgroups requires DOS; LAN Server
requires OS/2; LANtastic requires DOS). In addition to file and print services, a NOS may also offer
directory services and a messaging system (email), as well as network management and
multiprotocol routing capabilities.
Requirement of NOS
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
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SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
Local Area Network (LAN) Four Station Peer to Peer - The Ethernet hub connects the computer
stations together to allow data and hardware resources to be shared. Ethernet hubs are now
available in wireless format as well, eliminating the need for wires.
Wide Area Networking (WAN) - Large Chain or Franchise with Multiple Geographic Locations
Interconnected
File systems
In computing, a file system (often also written as filesystem) is a method for storing
and organizing computer files and the data they contain to make it easy to find and
access them. File systems may use a data storage device such as a hard disk or CDROM and involve maintaining the physical location of the files, they might provide access
26
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
to data on a file server by acting as clients for a network protocol (e.g., NFS, SMB, or 9P
clients), or they may be virtual and exist only as an access method for virtual data (e.g.,
procfs).
More formally, a file system is a special-purpose database for the storage, hierarchical
organization, manipulation, navigation, access, and retrieval of data.
The most familiar file systems make use of an underlying data storage device that offers
access to an array of fixed-size blocks, sometimes called sectors, generally a power of 2
in size (512 bytes or 1, 2, or 4 KiB are most common). The file system software is
responsible for organizing these sectors into files and directories, and keeping track of
which sectors belong to which file and which are not being used. Most file systems
address data in fixed-sized units called "clusters" or "blocks" which contain a certain
number of disk sectors (usually 1-64). This is the smallest logical amount of disk space
that can be allocated to hold a file.
File names
Whether the file system has an underlying storage device or not, file systems typically
have directories which associate file names with files, usually by connecting the file
name to an index in a file allocation table of some sort, such as the FAT in a DOS file
system, or an inode in a Unix-like file system
Types of file systems
File system types can be classified into disk file systems, network file systems and
special purpose file systems.
Disk file systems
A disk file system is a file system designed for the storage of files on a data storage
device, most commonly a disk drive, which might be directly or indirectly connected to
the computer. Examples of disk file systems include FAT (FAT12, FAT16, FAT32), NTFS,
HFS and HFS+, ext2, ext3, ISO 9660, ODS-5, and UDF.
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
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27
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
Flash file systems
A flash file system is a file system designed for storing files on flash memory devices.
These are becoming more prevalent as the number of mobile devices is increasing, and
the capacity of flash memories catches up with hard drives.
Database file systems
A new concept for file management is the concept of a database-based file system.
Instead of, or in addition to, hierarchical structured management, files are identified by
their characteristics, like type of file, topic, author, or similar metadata.
File systems under Unix-like operating systems
Unix-like operating systems create a virtual file system, which makes all the files on all
the devices appear to exist in a single hierarchy. This means, in those systems, there is
one root directory, and every file existing on the system is located under it somewhere.
Furthermore, the root directory does not have to be in any physical place. It might not
be on your first hard drive - it might not even be on your computer. Unix-like systems
can use a network shared resource as its root directory.
File systems under Linux
Linux supports many different file systems, but common choices for the system disk
include the ext* family (such as ext2 and ext3), XFS, JFS and ReiserFS.
File systems under Microsoft Windows
Windows makes use of the FAT and NTFS (New Technology File System) file systems.
The File Allocation Table (FAT) filing system, supported by all versions of Microsoft
Windows, was an evolution of that used in Microsoft's earlier operating system (MS-DOS
which in turn was based on 86-DOS). FAT ultimately traces its roots back to the shortlived M-DOS project and Standalone disk BASIC before it. Over the years various
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
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SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
features have been added to it, inspired by similar features found on file systems used
by operating systems such as Unix.
Older versions of the FAT file system (FAT12 and FAT16) had file name length limits, a
limit on the number of entries in the root directory of the file system and had restrictions
on the maximum size of FAT-formatted disks or partitions. Specifically, FAT12 and
FAT16 had a limit of 8 characters for the file name, and 3 characters for the extension.
This is commonly referred to as the 8.3 filename limit. VFAT, which was an extension to
FAT12 and FAT16 introduced in Windows NT 3.5 and subsequently included in Windows
95, allowed long file names (LFN). FAT32 also addressed many of the limits in FAT12
and FAT16, but remains limited compared to NTFS.
NTFS, introduced with the Windows NT operating system, allowed ACL-based permission
control. Hard links, multiple file streams, attribute indexing, quota tracking, compression
and mount-points for other file systems (called "junctions") are also supported, though
not all these features are well-documented
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
29
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
OS & NETWORK MANAGEMENT
TOPIC NO -> 1
WHAT IS O.S ? & TYPES OF O.S
 Os is system software or program which provide interface between user and
hardware device
 Operating system is also responsible for controlling hardware and data
information
 Operating system has a three types of software
TYPES OF SOFTWARE
System software
TOPIC NO -> 2
utility software
application software
FUNCTON OF O.S
 Mainly six type of function
1. Resource management
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
30
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
1. Process management
2. Memory management
3. Input output management
2. File and data management
1. Create
2. Store
3. Access with rights or permission
4. File retrieving process
3. Security management
1. Data encryption
2. Data compression
3. Disk quota
4. Scheduling
5. Application management
6. User management
 Operating system perform different task
 This all different task perform by different no of user
 Now we describe different types of task of operating system
TASK ->1 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
31
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
 In this function operating system include process mgt, and process
management, and input output mgt
 In this function is primary function for client operating system as well as
network operating system
TASK ->2 FILE AND DATA MANAGEMENT
 In this function operating system is responsible for creating file and
storage of file and file access with proper permission
 If any user request for file reading at this time operating system also
provide file retrieving process
TASK ->3 SECURITY MANAGEMENT
 This function is very important for data security
 In this function user generate encryption process disk quota and data
compression process
TASK -> 4 SECHDULING MANAGEMENT
 Operating system personal assistants for different user with the help of
this function
TASK ->5 APLICATION MANAGEMENT
 In this type of function operating system is responsible for maintain and
management application software and utility software
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
32
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
TASK ->6 USER MANAGEMENT
 In this function administrator user create multiple user and information
of all this user its store in SAM database (security account manager)
TOPIC NO -> 3
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
33
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
PEER TO PEER NETWORK &CLIENT SERVER NETWORK
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
34
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
PEER TO PEER
NETWORK
Diwanpara
Main Road, CLIENT SERVER 2NETWORK
– Vaishalinagar,

Nr. Shaligram App,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Opp.sharing
Diwanpara Police Station,
Raiya Road,
If provide file
 It provide file sharing
Rajkot – 360001.
Rajkot – 360001.
between different
no
of
between
client
to server
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
Ph.No–(0281)2440478,
2472590
user
 In this server all clients
has equal rules & rights
 There is no centralized
management in peer to
per
 Configuration &
maintenance cost is very
less
and server to client
 In this network define
different rights &rules for
client
 It provide centralized
management process
 Configuration &
maintenance cost is very
high
 Not reliable &secure
 Reliable &secure for
important task
 In this network user detail
store in SAM database
 In this network it use
domain name for storage
of user information
 It does not any type of
Data backup & data
recovery facility
 It provide data backup as
well as data recovery
facility
 these type of network
 It used one server & all
no client
no server
allManagement
other computers act
Shree use
H.N.Shukla
College
of I.T &
”Skyasis the Limit”
server and all client
client concept
35
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
TOPIC NO -> 3 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GUI & NON GUI
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
36
GUI
NON GUI
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
 Gui stand for graphical user
 Non gui means command
(AFFILIATED
TO
SAURASHTRA
UNIVERSITY)
interface
line interface
(CLI) &
character user interface
Diwanpara Main Road,
2 – Vaishalinagar,
(CUI)
Nr. Shaligram App,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
 It used in menu driven
process
 It supports graphical option
image & pictures
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478,
2472590
based
on event driven
 It
command
 It does not supports any
type of graphics pictures &
images
 Non gui provide slow
service
 Gui based operating system
provide faster service
 Gui based operating system is
vender specific
 Non gui operating system
available with open source
standard as well as vender
specific standard
 This type of operati system
is quite difficult to operate
 This type of operating system
is easy to navigate
 In gui operating system it
allow multiple program at a
time
 In non gui operating
system at a time allow a
single program
 There is no possibility to
change any type of images
& graphics
 User can change screen
saver background as well as
 Non gui mode only
Shree H.N.Shukla
of I.T & Management
is the Limit”
desktopCollege
images
supports ”Sky
keyboard
but it
does not supports mouse
37
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
TOPIC NO -> 5
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
FILE SYSTEM
 File system is inbuilt tools of operating system which provide data
storage and data retrieval facility from
hard disk
 Various types of operating system implement different type file system
 At the time of installation user must specify file system for data storage
and data retrieving
 User implement multiple file system in single operating system
 Client operating system as well as server operating system always
required file system
TOPIC NO -> 5.1
FAT(FILE ALLOCATION TABLE)
 FAT stand for file allocation table
 Fat file system only available with Microsoft based operating
 This file system provide supports for client operating system as well as
server operating system
 Fat file system available two different types
(1)
FAT 16
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
38
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
(2)
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
FAT 32
 FAT16
 this fat file system store and retrieve 16 bit data from
hard disk at a time
 fat 16 file system is a older file system and in current
operating system is not available
 fat 16 supports minimum 2 GB and maximum 8 GB
partition
 this file system does not supports all types of file or data
 FAT 32
 This file system access 32 bit data at a time
 This file system is a new type of file system and it
supports windows 98,XP,VISTA,etc
 Fat 32 file system supports minimum 2 GB and
maximum 32 GB partition
 Fat 32 supports all types of file of file or data
 User convert FAT file system into NTFS file system
 This type of file system does not provide any type of
security for data
TOPIC NO-> 5.2 NTFS (new technology file system)
 NTFS stands for new technology file system
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
39
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030














2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
This file system store & retrieve 32 bit data from hard disk
This file system only implement in windows based operating system
Compare to FAT file system NTFS file system provide more security
NTFS provide three type of security option
(1) Data compression
(2) Data encryption
(3) Disk quota
Data compression & data encryption is file pr folder level security
Disk quota is drive level security
User not convert NTFS file system into FAT file system
NTFS file system supports different type of file and file extension
NTFS file system always work with FAT file system in any single
Microsoft based operating system
NTFS file system store data in cluster
Cluster means combination of tack and sector
When user save any data into the hard disk at this time NTFS file
system provide one cluster to store this data
Minimum size of cluster is 512 bytes and maximum is 64 kb
NTFS file system store a different no of file in random order but when
user retrieve any file at this time it provide better speed compare to
FAT file system
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
40
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
TOPIC NO -> 5.3
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
NFS (NETWORK FILE SYSTEM)
 NFS stands for network file system
 Sun micro system developed NFS file system
 This file system is platform oriented it means different types of
operating system supports NFS file system
 In sunsolarist operating system it available with installation CD or DVD
 In UNIX or LINNUX operating system is by default available but user
must configure NFS service
 In Microsoft NFS is not available but user wants to NFS service is
available with utility software
 PURPOSE OF NFS
 Network file system provide supports for file sharing between
client and server
 User must configure this file system client side as well as
server side
 This file service also provide supports for interne repeated service
 NFS service is compatible with other different file system like NTFS
file or FAT
 NFS file service does not required any types of directory structure but
it only occupy memory space of your system
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
41
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
 In current system NFS file system is popular for data sharing between
different networks
TOPIC NO -> 5.4
VFS (VIRTUAL FILE SYSTEM)
 VFS stands for virtual file system
 This file system both develop by sun company and implement in UNIX
operating system
 VFS file system provide supports of all types of file system as well as
all types of operating system
 It provide client application to access different types of file and file
system in uniform way
 VFS is abstraction layer on top of all file system
 It access local network and storage device without affecting local file
system
 It provide interface between different file system of different operating
system
 VFS implement In UNIX ,LINUX ,MAC ,Microsoft and OS2 operating
system
 It specifies between all file system and KERNEL
 General purpose of virtual file system is provide the file sharing
between different vender operating system
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
42
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
TOPICNO->6 BASIC TYPE OF OPERATING SYSTEM
(1) BATCH OPERATING SYSTEM
(2) NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM
(3) DISTRIBUTED OPERATING SYSTEM
(4) MULTIPROGRAMINING OPERATING SYSTEM
TOPIC No -> 6.1 BATCH OPERATING SYSTEM
 Batch operating system required grouping of similar jobs
 This job contain program data and processing command
 In this type of operating system there is no interaction between user
and job processing
 user only provide data input and batch operating system collect this
data and creates group of this similar type of data
 this group is known as jobs
 after creating jobs processor start processing
 user are not required to wait while job is being processed
 user only submit input data and code to batch operating system
 this operating system use FCFS system means first come first serve
 this type of operating system required non interact environment
 it does not provide flexible and it is not capable for online debugging
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
43
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
 punching machine system ,ATM, system are live example of batch
operating system
TOPIC NO -> 6.2
NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM
FIGURE OF NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM
 in network
operating
system it used
in client server environment
 network operating system available with collection of different
application user & protocols
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
44
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
 In this type of operating system each on every node required operating
system
 Server implement network operating system and different clients install
client operating system
 Different no of user work individually it means that different user from
domain database
 And SAM data base are easily share data information
 In this type of operating system it does not provide folttolrance
 I this operating system if one client is failed at this time it does not
effect to other network clients
 In this type of operating system it generate different no of
microprocessor
TOPIC NO->6.3 DISTRIBUTED OPERATING SYSTEM
FIGURE OF DISTRIBUTED OPERATING SYSTEM
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
45
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
 Distributed operating system used with client server network
 In server it must required network operating system for managing
different types of user and data
 In client side there is no user of operating system but it client side user
implement network operating system
 User store each and every file in server storage device
 Different no of clients used its own lan card to establish and booting
process of operating system
 In distributed environment single task can be divided in to the multiple
processor
 Distributed operating system must required equal file system in server
as well as clients
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
46
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
 Any company organization easily increment distributed operating
system in its network
 DOS reduce work load of network operating system and server
TOPIC NO->6.4
MULTIPROGRAMING O.S
 Multiprogramming system is a collection of different variety of different
operating system
 Multiprogramming operating system available with three different
types operating system
(1)
(2)
(3)
MULTITASKING OPERATING SYSTEM OR MULTIUSER
OPERATING SYSTEM
MULTIUSER OPERATING SYSTEM
TIME SHARING OPERATING SYSTEM
TOPIC NO->6.4.1
MULTITASKING O.S
 This type of operating system supports than one task or process
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
47
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
 It means that single multiprocessor handle more than one process at a
time e
 Running or active status of any program is called process or task
 Multiprocessing operating system is a responsible for process
management memory utilization input ,output utilization
 In any computer if user wants to perform to different task a that time
multiprocessing operating system stop one task in primary memory &
perform another task
 After completing process second task processor start process of first
with the help of primary memory
 EXAMPLE tally or notepad
TOPIC NO->6.4.2
MULTIUSER O.S
 It allows simultaneous to different computer operating system using
two or more terminal
 In multiuser operating system single program can be access with multi
computer
 It means that it supports 100 of user under control of single application
or program
 This type of operating system always used with client server networks
 Multiuser operating system provides dedicated transaction system
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
48
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
 FOR EXAMPLE railway reservation system ,online banking system
 This type of operating system required multiple processor for complete
single execution
 In this type of operating system memory input output device share
different type of file different no of node
TOPIC NO->6.4.3
TIME SHARING O.S
 This type of operating system available with multi programming
operating system
 This type of operating system provide fast response time with the help
of different no of processing
 In time sharing operating system it required 3 different no of process
 PROCESS NO - 1
 In this process user enter different data information
using input device like mouse keyboard etc
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
49
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
 PROCESS NO -2
 This input microprocessor accept different no of request
from primary memory
 Microprocessor accept all request and it start processing
as per the priority
 This 3 second process required more time compare to
another two process
 PROCESS NO – 3
 In this 3 process microprocessor generate output
 In this process it does not required more time compare
to process no 2
 Time sharing operating system manage more than one user and it
used round robin method for processing
 In round robin method it handler different application in rotating order
 This type of operating system provide specific time for different
process and micro-processor must complete process in specific time
 Memory is output device are capable to handle various user
 If user required more fast processing power at this time user have to
implement real time operating system
TOPIC NO->6.4.3.1 REAL TIME O.S
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
50
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
 Real time operating system is type of time operating system
 The purpose of real time operating system is provide quick for
response time for any system
 In time sharing operating system real time operating system provide
quick output or request
 When user request real time operating system at this time it must
required faster micro-processor and this microprocessor is capable to
generate quick output of different process
 FOR EXAMPLE
in whether for fasting calculation ,air traffic control and flight control
system and military application like radar system etc
TOPIC NO -> 7
INSTOLLATION OF SERVER 2003
STEPS OF INSTOLLATION SERVER 2003
 Install CD or DVD in to the CD drive or DVD drive then select CD ROM
option as first boot device
 Restart the system press any key to boot from CD
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
51
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030















2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
Select a option windows 2003 server enterprise press enter
In windows setup screen press enter to install 2003 operating system
Press F8 for license agreement
Crate a partition as per requirement of network
Now select partition for formatting using FAT NTFS file system
Now operating system file copy from CD drive to hard disk in hard disk
all files must be store C drive (master boot record)
After copy process system automatically restart and user not select
boot from CD option
Installation process continue automatically
Select next option in regional and language option *
Type name of computer and name of organization
Type a product key
Select license mode either per server or per user *
Select appropriate time zone
Now setup automatically complete installation process
Installation process automatically complete and user type administrator
password for access different 2003 server features
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
52
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
TOPIC NO -> 9
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
HOW TO CREATE LOCAL AREA
NEWORK EXPALIN WITH STEPS
 Mainly sex type of local area network
1. Any operating system
2. LAN port
3. Cable config
4. Drivers
5. Ip config
6. Check the ip configuration
 For any organization local area network is required for file and data
sharing
 To configure local area network in any organization user must required
six different steps
TOPIC NO->9.1
ANY OPERATING SYSTEM
 Local area configure with any type of operating system
 LAN configure with client operating system as well as network
operating system
 FOR EXAMPLE windows 2003 server ,windows XP,windows vista etc
TOPIC NO->9.2
LAN PORT AVIALIBILITY
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
53
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
 LAN port must available in all computers which required for data
sharing in network
 Generally RJ-45 port is used as LAN port
 In RJ-45 LAN port it contains 8 wires in four pairs
 In all computers LAN port is by default available with motherboard
 If user required additionally LAN port at this time LAN card is required
in PCISLOT
TOPIC NO->9.3
CABLE CONFIGURATION
 There are three types of cable which is used to creatae LAN
1. Co- axial cable
2. Twisred pair cable
3. Fibre optic cable
 Co-axial cable is not used in computer network twisted pair and fibre
optic cable are more popular for local area network
 Twisted pair cable configure with STP &UDP cables and fibe optic
cable configure with mono mode and multi mode configuration
 For reducing maintainanace cost most of organization implement in
twisted pair cable
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
54
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
TOPIC NO->9.4 DRIVER CONFIGURATION
 All types of hardware device required software supports to perform
specific task
 LAN port or LAN card is hardware and it also required software supports
 To provide software supports user install specific files which is releated
to your LAN port or LAN card
TOPIC NO->9.5 IP CONFIGURATION
 after establish physical between LAN card user must required logical
configuration
 this logcal configuration also known as ip configuration
 user configure ip address after driver insollation completed
 each and every client required unique ip address for data communication
TOPIC NO->9.6 IP CONFIGURATION CHECKING
 After establish different no of ip addesss in various client verify
connection between this nodifferetn clients
 For checkinip configuration user implement by default command like
ping,trecert,pathping,ipconfig,ipconfigall etc
 This all command verify connection status between different no of clients
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
”Sky is the Limit”
55
SHREE H. N. SHUKLA COLLEGE OF I.T. & MGMT.
(AFFILIATED TO SAURASHTRA UNIVERSITY)
Diwanpara Main Road,
Nr. Shaligram App,
Opp. Diwanpara Police Station,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph. No–(0281)2224362, 2235030
Shree H.N.Shukla College of I.T & Management
2 – Vaishalinagar,
Nr. Amrapali Railway crossing,
Raiya Road,
Rajkot – 360001.
Ph.No–(0281)2440478, 2472590
”Sky is the Limit”
56