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Name: ______________________________ The Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Lowlands Region A Changed Landscape 1. What are some uses of the land in this region? (p. 31) Flat, fertile lowlands and plains with rolling hills Lowlands – an area lower and flatter than the land around it No mountains, but some free-standing mountains in Quebec. Some high rocky areas – Niagara Escarpment (cliff/steep rise that separates two areas of flat land) Iroquois grew crops in this region Used to be covered with forest, have since been cleared Moraine – ridge of sand, dirt and rocks carried and left behind by ancient glaciers Oak Ridges Moraine (north of Toronto) to be preserved because of its fresh water, home to plant and animals; developers want to build houses 2. How does water shape ways of life? The Great Lakes and the Mighty St. Lawrence River (p. 33) Great Lakes drain into the St. Lawrence to the Atlantic Ocean Large portions of industry and agriculture is here Important route for travel and shipping goods River/Lakes run 3700 km to the interior of Canada Many rivers called tributaries empty into the Great Lakes The Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Seaway (p. 34) A canal was dug in the St. Lawrence River by Montreal due to shallow water To get over the Niagara Falls, locks were made to get ships from the top to the bottom Cities developed around the seaway; busy ports; tourists enjoy the natural beauty Penetanguishene: A Diverse Town (p. 35) Located on the eastern part of Lake Huron (Georgian Bay) Huron tribe were first inhabitants; first explored by the French (early 1600s) 1760s British came to area (John Graves Simcoe) attracted by well protected harbour 1840s families came to farm; 1900s forestry grew as industry Today, attracts many tourists 3. How does climate influence quality of life? Has milder winters (southernmost part of Canada, warm air from Gulf of Mexico) Summers can be long, hot, humid Great Lakes water moderates the temperatures (called lake effect) Longest frost free season in Canada Living with the Climate (p. 37) Lots of precipitation, good for summer crops, thunderstorms are common Snowy winters, with ice storms, blizzards, thick fog A Unique Ice Storm (p. 38) Jan 1998, freezing rain fell for a week; left a coat of ice 5 cm thick Toppled trees, power lines/poles Interrupted electricity to 1Million homes; homeless shelters were overrun Boiling water for drinking (water treatment plant not functioning) Lots of missed revenues due to low tourism rates, industries affected (ex. Maple syrup) 4. How do natural resources shape ways of life? Natural resources: rich soil, thick forests, plentiful water Farming the Fertile Plains (p. 39) Most fertile agriculture region due to flat plains, fertile soil, long hot summers Huron/Iroquois grew beans, corn, squash; lived in homes called longhouses Did not need to move around as much as other tribes to follow food sources Types of Farms (p. 40) European settlers brought grains, vegetables and fruits; kept pigs, cattle, oxen, horses Today more than half of the land is used for farming. About 37% of all agricultural production comes from this region Can find sweet corn, peaches and cherries in the fall Greenhouses produce cucumbers, tomoatoes Providing Many Goods and Services (p. 42) Largest number of factories and industries Ontario – produces over 40% of Canada’s goods Quebec – produces 22% of Canada’s goods Easy to move goods to the markets using rivers/lakes Resources found in other regions are shipped to this area to be refined and used in other products (ex. Airplane parts, textiles, vehicles, computers) The Golden Horseshoe (p. 42) 5 million people live in the 150 km wide area Located on western coast of Lake Ontario Many industries, businesses, and banks provide jobs for people in this region 12 of 27 metropolitan areas are in this region (Metro areas are areas with 100 000+ people) 93% of Ontario’s population lives here 80% of Quebec’s population is in Montreal, Quebec City, and Trois-Rivieres Why Does This Region Have the Largest Population in Canada? (p. 43) More than half of Canada’s population lives in this area 2 largest cities are here: Toronto/Montreal Good transportation systems/easy access to markets Flat land for building Rich soil and long growing season Available materials for construction Many factories 5. Why should we protect our environment? Smog (p. 44) Caused by heat of the sun interacting with pollution in the air from automobiles/factories Can make the air difficult to breathe Prevent Air Pollution (p. 45) Tonnes of fumes from vehicles harm the environment; gasoline is made from a non-renewable resource Researchers are working to find alternate fuels National Parks (p. 46) Established to protect some natural features Saguenay-St. Lawrence Marine Park – rich feeding ground for whales, seals, fish; now protected Tourists come to see the rich marine life. Eco-tourism (people who travel to see/learn about the environment) 6. Symbols of the Region: Landmarks (p. 32) Often symbols of identity Niagara Falls (p. 32) Niagara River flows over the Niagara Escarpment Attracts visitors, tourism industry Important source of hydroelectricity (electricity produced from flowing water) Mount Royal (p. 32) Largest of the Monteregian Hills In middle of Montreal Mount Royal Park open to visitors and residents Cross country skiing, hikers, cyclists, Maple Syrup Industry (p. 41) Collect sap from maple trees to make into syrup First done by First Nations, taught to Europeans Today, Canada is the largest producer of maple syrup Quebec along makes 85% of the world’s maple syrup Important part of local celebrations (ex festivals)