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Transcript
CHAPTER 4
The Pieces of the Body Puzzle:
A Regional Approach
Kinesiology Books Publisher
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Axial Skeleton
• Head and neck Region
• Back Region
Appendicular Skeleton
•
•
•
•
•
Pectoral Girdle
Scapulohumeral Region
Upper Limb
Pelvic Girdle
Lower Limb
Kinesiology Books Publisher
2
AXIAL SKELETON
• Head
and Neck Region
• Back Region
Kinesiology Books Publisher
3
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
• Pectoral
Girdle
• Scapulohumeral Region
• Upper Limb
• Pelvic Girdle
• Lower Limb
Kinesiology Books Publisher
4
LESSON 2
PECTORAL GIRDLE AND SCAPULOHUMERAL REGION
LESSON 1:
THE LANGUAGE OF
Develop an understanding
ANATOMY of the bones,
muscles, and joints that make up the
pectoral girdle of the appendicular
skeleton, and apply knowledge of the
pectoral girdle to injuries of the shoulder
and rotator cuff.
Kinesiology Books Publisher
5
PECTORAL GIRDLE
Muscles
Bones
Joints
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6
Pectoral Girdle
•Suspends the upper limb away from
the chest wall
•Enables a great range of movement
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7
BONES
• Clavicle (collarbone)
• Articulates with sternum
and scapula
• Only bone directly
connecting upper and axial
skeleton
Clavicle
Scapula
• Scapula
• Has many muscle
attachments to axial
skeleton
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MUSCLES
Anterior Group
Posterior Group
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MUSCLES: ANTERIOR
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior
• Attachments
• Steadies and holds
scapula forward against
chest wall (protracts it)
1
2
Two heads:
1) Clavicular head flexes
and medially rotates
shoulder joint
2) Sternal head extends
from flexed position and
medially rotates shoulder
joint
• Ribs 3-5
• Coracoid process of
the scapula
• Depresses and stabilizes
scapula
• Actions:
• Rope climbing
• Butterfly stroke
Kinesiology Books Publisher
10
MUSCLES: POSTERIOR
TRAPEZIUS
• Upper fibres
• From skull to scapula
• Elevate scapula
• Shrugging your shoulders
• Middle (transverse) fibres
• From ligamentum nuchae of cervical
vertebrae to scapula
• Retract the scapula
• Lower fibres
• From C7 – T12 to scapula
• Depress the scapula
Kinesiology Books Publisher
11
MUSCLES: POSTERIOR
Latissmus dorsi
• From lower thoracic vertebrae, iliac crest,
and thoracolumbar fascia to intertubercular
groove of the humerus
• Medially rotates, adducts, and extends
humerus
Teres major
• Medially rotates and adducts humerus
Levator scapulae
• Rotates and elevates scapula
Rhomboid muscles
• Helps with scapula retraction and holding
against thoracic wall
Kinesiology Books Publisher
12
JOINTS
• Sternoclavicular
• Only joint connecting pectoral girdle
(clavicle ) and axial skeleton (sternum)
• Synovial joint strengthened by
intracapsular disc and extrinsic
ligaments
• Absorbs forces along clavicle
• Acromioclavicular Joint
• Connects clavicle’s lateral end and
scapula’s acromion process
• Permits shoulder separations (e.g., in
hockey, baseball, and football )
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13
SCAPULOHUMERAL REGION
Anterior Muscles
Superior and Posterior
Muscles
Lateral Muscles
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14
MUSCLES: ANTERIOR
Subscapularis
• From anterior (costal) surface
of scapula
• To lesser tubercle of humerus
• Adducts and medially rotates
upper limb
Kinesiology Books Publisher
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MUSCLES: SUPERIOR AND POSTERIOR
Supraspinatus
• From supraspinous fossa of
posterior scapula above
scapular spine to humerus
point
• Initiates upper limb abduction
joint
Infraspinatus and
teres minor
• From posterior scapula surface
below scapular spine to greater
tubercle of humerus
• Adduct and laterally rotate
upper limb
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MUSCLES: ROTATOR CUFFS
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Rotator Cuffs Tear
• Shoulder joint is the most mobile
and unstable joint
• Allows dynamic and powerful
movements
• Requires to keep head of humerus
centralized in its socket
• Common injury = rotator cuffs tear
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MUSCLES: LATERAL
Deltoids
• Insert to deltoid tuberosity of
humerus
• Act on shoulder, move upper limb
• Anterior fibres
• From clavicle
• Flex and medially rotate
• Middle fibres
• From acromion of scapula
• Abduct
• Posterior fibres
• From spine of scapula
• Extend and laterally rotate
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Lesson 2 Wrap Up
Pectoral Girdle
Student Workbook activities
o 4.2.1 – Review Your Key Terms (p. 34)
o 4.2.2 (A-D) – Pectoral Girdle (pp. 35-36)
o 4.2.3 (A-B) – Muscles of the Scapulohumeral Region
(pp. 37-38
Kinesiology Books Publisher
20