Download WORLD WAR II

WORLD WAR II
I.
Differences between Democratic, Fascist, &
Communism
A. Democracies: Based on individual rights
1. Economic Rights: Capitalism (Own
business & make money)
2. Government Rights: Democratic
Elected gov’t.
a. Choose leaders by voting
3. Examples: U.S./ Britain/ France
B. Fascist: Dictatorship w/ private business
1. Economic rights: Capitalism (own business
–make $
2. Government rights: NONE
a. Totalitarian/Dictatorship
1. One person or Party leader
3. Examples: Germany/ Italy/ Japan
C. Communism: “Good of everyone”
1. Economic rights: NONE
a. All owned by government
2. Government rights: One person/party
a. Totalitarian/Dictatorship
b. Examples: Soviet Union (Russia)
D. Advantages & Disadvantages
1. Communism & Fascism
a. Gov’t controls ALL information
& there is NO opposition
2. Democracies: People choose to
fight, can elect new leaders any
time.
Democracy
Communism
Fascism
II. Major causes of WWII in Europe
A. WWI & Depression causes
1. Winners of WWI harsh on Germany
(Reparations & smaller militaryhumiliating)
2. Great Depression hurts Europe
especially Germany
a. Fascist think Democracy is weak & can’t help
B. Rise of Fascism due to WWI & Depression
1. Italy the 1st Fascist country
a. Upset it didn’t get more after WWI
b. Benito Mussolini comes to power in 1922
2. Germany & Adolf Hitler
a. NAZI- National Socialist German
Worker Party
b. Uses “Thugs”- Brown Shirts to beat up
opponents and critics (young men, no
jobs)
c. Wants to blame everyone for
Germany’s trouble: Jews, Democracy!!,
The Allies
d. Never Had Majority- Scared or Killed
people
C. Hitler’s Goals for Revenge
1. “LEBENSRAUM” – ‘Living Space’ for
Germans
a. Take land from non-Germans
(considered less human)
b. Adds land w/No fighting: APPEASEMENT
- Britain & France give land to avoid War
- Austria, Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia-all)
2. Builds huge military
a. Modern army with tanks & planes
- All move fast & work together (radio)
b. BLITZKREIG – “Lightning War”
- practices on Spain to help Fascists there
D. War & The Reaction
1. Hitler invades Poland Sept. 1, 1939
a. Uses Blitzkrieg & destroys Poland
b. Britain & France declare WAR
1. Appeasement was a JOKE
2. Hitler had secret treaty with
Soviets (Stalin)
2. United States reaction
a. Officially Neutral & Isolationist
-many famous people almost like Hitler
(Ford, Kennedy, Lindbergh)
b. Great Britain all Alone!! (Churchill)
- France got butt kicked & Germany controls it
- Germany bombing Britain and planning
attack
c. Roosevelt helps Britain
1. Lend Lease Policy (Boats/guns)
2. Atlantic Charter
a. U.S. & Britain are “Friends”
3. U.S. begins to build up own military
III. Japan’s Expansion in the Pacific
A. Military takes control of Japan
1. Emperor Hirohito’s power????
(Prisoner?)
a. General Tojo in REAL power
2. Wants Japan to be equal to European
powers
a. Believes they are better than all
other Asians just like Germany in Europe
b. Signs treaty with Germany
B. Japan wants raw material and colonies
1. Invades China, Korea & British Colonies
a. Brutal to China “Rape of Nanking”
1. Murder MILLIONS of Chinese
2. Only competition in Pacific is U.S.
a. U.S. has Philippines, Hawaii,
Samoa & Alaska
C. Attacking the U.S. – Pearl Harbor
1. Japan thinks U.S. is racist (true) &
will try to stop them from growing (true)
a. U.S. stopped selling steel &
limits trade to them
2. Pearl Harbor, Hawaii – Dec. 7, 1941
a. Goal is to destroy U.S. AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
- Carriers were out at sea & they survive
b. Surprise attack – U.S. should have known
– broke Japanese code
3. Waking a “Sleeping Dog”
a. Japanese General said it was a mistake
b. U.S. declares WAR
- Roosevelt “A day that will live in infamy”
- Germany declares war on U.S.
The ships were:
USS Arizona - Magazine explosion, sunk with few survivors
USS California - Sunk
USS Maryland - Damaged
USS Nevada - Damaged and run aground
USS Oklahoma - Capsized and sunk
USS Pennsylvania - Damaged. The Pennsylvania was in dry dock
USS Tennessee - Damaged
USS West Virginia - Sunk
The USS Arizona (BB-39) burning after the Japanese attack on Pearl
Harbor.
Battleships USS West Virginia and USS Tennessee after the
Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941.
Photograph of the USS Nevada beached at Hospital Point after the
attack on Pearl Harbor.
Aircraft damage at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii from Japanese attack.
Captured Japanese photograph taken during the attack on
Pearl Harbor, Dec. 7, 1941. In the foreground, part of Battleship
Row. In the distance, the smoke rises from Hickam Field.
IV. Hitler’s defeat in Europe
A. Germany unstoppable early
1. Blitzkreig kills: Poland & France (1939,
1940)
2. Britain becomes a fortress
a. Germany bombs daily
b. Royal Air Force (RAF) fights back
c. Churchill – “Never Surrender”
B. Tag Team Enemies
1. Hitler invades Soviet Union
(1941- Barbarosa)
a. Soviets being killed like crazy
b. Siege of Leningrad- Slash & burn retreat
2. Britain & U.S. help soviets
a. “I would favor the devil if it was
against Germany” W. Churchill
b. FDR sends aid to Soviets
( Isolationists mad) & US fear communists
more!
c. Germany has to fight on two fronts
1. West: U.S. & Britain
2. East: Soviets
3. Germany declares war on U.S. after
Pearl Harbor
a. Smart????? Why not???
Germany fights on two fronts
C. Attacking the German Empire
1. Africa
a. German Gen. Rommel “Desert Fox”
1. Kicked butt early
b. U.S. joins fight & helps British
c. Germany kicked out by 1942
2. Italy (1943)
a. Starts in Southern Italy with
paratroopers & sea landings
b. Mussolini overthrown by Italians
- Executed & dragged in streets
c. Germans still fight in Italy
against Allies
3. D-Day (Normandy) June 6, 1944
a. Allies invade France (Operation
Overload)
-General Eisenhower “Supreme
Commander”
****Wrote failure letter just in case
- Germany had France 4 years
- Builds fortress along coast
b. Huge DEADLY attack- 150,000
men
- Dropped on beach to face
machine guns
c. 1 million men in France in 6 weeks !!
Landing ships putting cargo ashore on one of the
invasion beaches, at low tide during the first days of
the operation, June 1944.
Coast Guard manned USS LST-21 unloads British Army tanks and
trucks onto a "Rhino" barge during the early hours of the invasion, 6
June 1944
U.S. Army troops administer first aid to the survivors of sunken
landing craft, on "D-Day", 6 June 1944.
Army troops wade ashore on "Omaha" Beach during
the "D-Day" landings, 6 June 1944.
U.S. Soldiers of the 8th Infantry Regiment, 4th Infantry Division, move
out over the seawall on "Utah" Beach, after coming ashore.
D. Germany is defeated
1. Germany’s last chanceBattle of the Bulge
a. Germany defeated but huge battle
2. U.S. & Britain bomb Germany
a. U.S. in day; Britain at night
(deadly job)
- Huge losses in factories/supplies
3. Soviets start to win in East
a. Russian winter freezes Germans
Battle of the Bulge
Battle of the Bulge
Rifle and helmet: traditional tribute to a fallen soldier
E. V-E Day (Victory in Europe)
1. Hitler’s suicide – April 30, 1945
a. Germany surrenders May 7, 1945
- Soviets capture Berlin
2. U.S. & Soviets meet 60 miles south of
Berlin
a. Start of Democracy v. Communism
V. U.S. Island Hopping Japan to Defeat
A. Japan’s 6 months of victory
1. Pearl Harbor—Great attack but
missed ____________
2. Japan conquers Pacific and Asia
a. Philippines taken (MacArthur- “I
shall return”)
b. Guam/Wake/Singapore/Hong Kong
3. Japanese brutal to prisoners/civilians
a. Executions/starvation/torture
(Bataan Death March)
B. Island hopping to victory- General MacArthur
1. May & June 1942
a. Battle of Coral Sea & Battle of Midway
b. Japanese Aircraft Carriers sunk
2. Horrible fights
a. Japanese fight to the death (suicide attacks)
b. Battle of Iwo Jima (flag picture)
c. “Kamikaze” – suicide planes
C. The BOMB – Hiroshima & Nagasaki
1. Manhattan Project
a. Secret project to build “Atomic Bomb”
- Einstein told Roosevelt about Germany
b. Dr. Oppenheimer from Univ. of Cali
- Plus tons of others in secret treaties
On Okinawa, just 350 miles from Japan, a Marine dashes
through Japanese machine gun fire while crossing a draw,
called 'Death Valley' by the men fighting there. Marines
sustained more than 125 casualties in eight hours crossing
this valley. May 1945.
2. Why ?????
a. Japanese promise EVERY man, woman and
child will fight to the DEATH!!!
b. Pres. Truman claim 1 million soldiers might die
c. Already bombed cities in Japan & Germany
- Dresden in Germany ‘Fire Storm
3. When – August 1945
a. Truman warns- Prompt & Utter Destruction
b. Hiroshima- August 6, 1945
- Enola Gay dropped bomb “Little Boy”
c. Nagasaki- August 9, 1945
- Box Car drops “Fat Man”
d. 110,000 killed + radiation deaths later
- U.S. studies bomb victims
Col. Paul W. Tibbets, pilot of the B-29 Superfortress ENOLA GAY, waves from
the cockpit just before taking off from Tinian Island to drop the Atomic Bomb
on Hiroshima. The 9,000 lb. bomb was dropped from 31,600 feet and
detonated at 8:15 a.m., August 6, 1945, about 1,900 feet above the center of
Hiroshima. A blinding light, tremendous explosion and dark gray cloud
enveloped the city, followed by a rising mushroom shaped cloud. The
Japanese estimated 72,000 were killed and 70,000 out of 76,000 buildings in
the city were destroyed.
On August 9, 1945, the American B-29 bomber, Bock's Car left Tinian
carrying Fat Man, a plutonium implosion-type bomb. It was dropped on
Nagasaki.
The ruins around the Industrial Promotion Hall, now known as
the Atomic Bomb Dome in Hiroshima. (Aug. 6, 1945)
D. Japan surrenders Aug. 15, 1945 V-J Day
(Victory over Japan)
1. Emperor announces surrender on radio
a. 1st time Japanese have heard his voice
2. Japan surrenders to MacArthur on
the USS Missouri battleship
3. U.S. takes control of Japan & creates
new Gov’t
E. Results
1. Battle Dead:
Britain
Soldiers 303,000
Civilians 85,000
U.S.
Soviets
322,000 7,500,000
0
20,000,000
Japan
1,576,000
300,000
2. Unconditional Surrender
a. Both Germany & Japan
* Japan- U.S. military control
* Germany- Split sectors controlled by Allies
(Berlin in USSR sector but still split)
- totally at mercy of victors
b. Soviets and U.S. World Powers
-Old European powers destroyed by war
ex: France & Britain
-Fascism dead, democracy must face the
“devil” (Communism)
USS Missouri
Gen. Douglas MacArthur signs as Supreme Allied Commander
during formal surrender ceremonies on the USS MISSOURI in
Tokyo Bay. September 2, 1945.
VI. Everyone Helps At Home
A. Factories and farms roar
1. Huge amounts produced
a. NO bombing makes it easy
2. Ladies to the rescue
a. women take factory jobs
(Rosie the Riveter)
B. Ration Books: Coupons that limit how
much of anything you can buy at a time
(week, month, year)
1. Tires/ shoes/ sugar/ butter/ gas
2. Some things not available:
Panty hose for parachutes
C. We Need Troops
1. Selective Service (Draft)
a. Men 18-35 MUST serve if called
b. Still around today (register @ 18)
2. Women serve (WAC’s & WAVES)
a. Army & Navy women’s service
(nurses, pilots)
D. Racism at home (Fighting NAZI’s??????????)
1. Japanese-Americans (are they loyal?)
a. Starts at Pearl Harbor: Not trusted Ex-planes
b. Japanese Internment Camps
- Japanese on West coast moved to camps
- Loose property/ homes/ business
- Supreme Ct. & Roosevelt support it
Young Americans of Japanese descent who have just arrived at an assembly
center
2. Army still segregated
a. Tuskegee Airmen: All Black fighter pilots
b. Nisei Battalion: Japanese Amer.
fight in Italy
c. Navajo Code Talkers: Native Amer.
use language as radio men to keep
Japanese clueless
HOLOCAUST
I. The Holocaust
A. Hitler’s Terror
1. Mein Kampf (1924)
a. Book written explaining views
b. Blames Jew for WWI &
Depression
c. Focuses on racial purity
2. Terror Group – SS
a. Troops directly loyal to Hitler
1. Led by Heinrich Himmler
b. “Believe, Obey, Fight” – follow
Hitler’s orders no matter legal or
c. Gestapo (State Police)
1. Crush any opposition to Hitler
2. Above the law protecting Hitler
a. Spies, impersonators
d. Run Death Camps
1. Organize & carry out
exterminations
a. Labor, medical experiments
3. Concentration Camps (1933)
a. NOT killing centers
b. Political & religious dissidents
c. Run as labor camps & to keep
dissent quiet
d. Death through exhaustion
**FINAL SOLUTION-Extermination of Jews in
Europe – includes gypsies, mentally ill, soviet
POW’s and other non-conformists
4. KILLING centers
a. Camps only used for mass killings
b. Camp organization
1. SS Administration
2. Guards—SS men
3. Kapos—Jews or camp prisoners
c. 1st Method-Instatgrupen “Death Squads”
1. shooting
d. 2nd Method-”Bread Vans”
1. Use CO from exhaust to kill
e. 3rd Method-”Busses with Lye”
1. Same as vans with lye on the
floor to kill quicker
f. 4th Method-”Death Camps”
1. Gas Chambers (Zyclon B)
2. Shootings
3. 45 min. from arrival to death
5. Camps
a. Chelmo, Treblinka, Sobibor, Maidanek,
Belzac and Auschwitz
B. Nuremburg Trials
1. Allies formed a court to try Nazi leaders
a. 21 Nazis were convicted of crimes
7 Japanese leaders were put to death
for crimes against humanity.
Camp
Location
Auschwitz
Poland
BelzecBelzec
Poland
Bergen-Belsen
Germany
Chelmno
Poland
Dachau
Germany
MajdanekLublin
Poland
Mauthausen
Austria
Stutthof
Poland
Treblinka
Poland
Westerbork
Netherlands
Established
Murdered
May 1940 1,100,000
March 1942 600,000
April 1943
35,000
Dec. 1941
320,000
March 193
332,000
Feb.1943
360,000
August 1938 120,000
Sept. 1939
65,000
July 1942
n/a
October 1939
n/a
GERMANY
POLAND
JOURNAL
D: Correct date
Q: Explain the following statement.
In Germany first they came for the Communists
And I did not speak out
Because I was not Communist.
Then they came for the Jews.
And I did not speak out because I was not a Jew.
Then they came for the trade unionists
And I did not speak out because
I was not a trade unionist.
Then they came for the Catholics
And I did not speak out because I was not Catholic.
Then they came for me
And there was no one left
To speak for me.
(Paster Martin Niemoller)
Reichsfuehrer-SS Heinrich Himmler inspects the women's concentration
camp Ravensbrueck. (1941)
View of the entrance to the main camp of Auschwitz (Auschwitz I).
The gate bears the motto “Arbeit Macht Frei” (Work makes one free)
The furnaces of Krema II in Auschwitz
The furnaces of Krema II in Auschwitz
Cannisters of Zyklon B used in gas chambers at Auschwitz
Jewish children, kept alive in the Auschwitz II (Birkenau) pose in concentration
camp uniforms between two rows of barbed wire fencing after liberation.
Jewish children, the victims of medical experiments in
Auschwitz
Birkenau crematorium under construction
The group on the right was selected for the gas chambers at
Birkenau
GENOCIDE
JOURNAL
D: Write correct date.
Q: What is Genocide?
(Write a paragraph about
what genocide is or what
you think it is.)
GENOCIDE:
The deliberate and systematic
extermination of a national,
racial, political, or cultural
group.

Quoted from a speech delivered by Hitler to the
Supreme Commanders and Commanding Generals,
as the Nazis marched into Poland in 1939.

I have issued the command - and I’ll have anybody
who utters but one word of criticism executed by a
firing squad - that our war aim does not consist in
reaching certain lines, but in the physical destruction of
the enemy. Accordingly I have placed my death-head
formations in readiness - for the present only in the
East - with orders to them to send to death mercilessly
and without compassion, men, women, and children of
Polish derivation and language. Only thus shall we
gain the living space (Lebensraum) which we need.
Who, after all, speaks today of the annihilation of
the Armenians?”

Adolf Hitler August 22, 1939


The Convention on the Prevention and
Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (the United
Nations’ Definition of Genocide)
General Assembly Resolution 260A (III) Article 2
In the present Convention, genocide means any of the
following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or
in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as
such:
 (a) Killing members of the group;
- (b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of
the group;
 (c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life
calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or
in part;
 (d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the
group;

The Transatlantic Slave Trade
The slave ship “Brookes” built for 421 slaves;
packed with 700

Unlike most twentieth-century cases of
premeditated mass killing, the African slave trade
was not undertaken by a single political force or
military entity during the course of a few months or
years. The transatlantic slave trade lasted for 400
years, from the 1450s to the 1860s, as a series of
exchanges of captives reaching from the interior of
sub-Saharan Africa to final purchasers in the
Americas. It has been estimated that in the Atlantic
slave trade, up to 12 million Africans were loaded
and transported across the ocean under dreadful
conditions. About 2 million victims died on the
Atlantic voyage (the dreaded “Middle
Passage”) and in the first year in the Americas.

Source : Seymour Drescher The Encyclopedia of Genocide “Slavery as Genocide” (ABC-CLIO, Inc.,
1999) pp.517-518
Genocide of the Native
Americans
“The Trail of Tears” Painting by Robert Lindneux in the Woolaroc Museum, Bartlesville, Oklahoma
The genocide of peoples indigenous to the U.S.
portion of North America proceeded along
different tracks, each defined by the policies of
the colonial power pursuing it. The colonization
began in 1607 when England’s Jamestown
colonists arrived in present-day Virginia with
instructions to “settle” the already heavily
populated coastal area. Beginning in 1830,
the U.S. undertook a policy of “removing”
all native people from the area east of the
Mississippi River. In the series of
interments and thousand-mile forced
marches which followed, entire peoples
were decimated. The Cherokees, for instance,
suffered 50 percent fatalities during the “Trail of
Tears”; the Choctaws, Chickasaws, Seminoles
and Creeks, 25 to 35 percent apiece.
The Herero Genocide
Hereros captured by the German Military in 1904.


The Herero Genocide occurred between 19041907 in current day Namibia. The Hereros were
herdsmen who migrated to the region in the 17th
and 18th centuries. After a German presence was
established in the region in the 1800s, the Herero
territory was annexed (in 1885) as a part of
German South West Africa.
A series of uprisings against German colonialists,
from 1904–1907, led to the extermination of
approximately four-fifths of the Herero
population. After Herero soldiers attacked
German farmers, German troops implemented a
policy to eliminate all Hereros from the region,
including women and children.
The Armenian Genocide
Source: Henry Morgenthau, Sr. Ambassador Morgenthau’s Story (Doubleday, Page & Co., 1918,) Fig. 50.
The Armenian Genocide was carried out by the "Young
Turk" government of the Ottoman Empire from 1915
to 1923. Starting in April 1915, Armenians in the
Ottoman armies, serving separately in unarmed
labor battalions, were removed and murdered. Of
the remaining population, the adult and teenage
males were separated from the deportation
caravans and killed under the direction of Young
Turk functionaries. Women and children were driven
for months over mountains and desert, often raped,
tortured, and mutilated. Deprived of food and water,
they fell by the hundreds of thousands along the
routes to the desert. Ultimately, more than half the
Armenian population (1,500,000 people) was
annihilated. Pontic Greeks and the Assyrians were
also targeted by the Ottoman Turks.
The Ukrainian Genocide/The Great
Famine
Source: The Artificial Famine/Genocide in Ukraine 1932-33 Web site

In 1932-33, Joseph Stalin, leader of the Soviet
Union, imposed the system of land management
know as collectivization. This resulted in the
seizure of all privately owned farmland and
livestock. By 1932, much of the wheat crop was
dumped on the foreign market to generate cash to
aid Stalin’s Five-Year Plan. The law demanded that
no grain could be given to feed the peasants until a
quota was met. By the spring of 1933, an
estimated 25,000 people died every day in the
Ukraine. Deprived of the food they had grown
with their own hands, an estimated 7,000,000
persons perished due to the resulting famine in
this area known as the breadbasket of Europe.
Between 1934-39 13,000,000 peasants/civilians
died.
Rape of Nanking
Source: China: Past & Present Web site (www.bergen.org/AAST/Projects/ChinaHistory)

In December of 1937, the Japanese Imperial Army
marched into China’s capital city of Nanking and
proceeded to murder 300,000 out of the 600,000
civilians and soldiers in the city. After just four
days of fighting, Japanese troops smashed into the
city with orders issued to “kill all captives.” The
terrible violence - citywide burnings, stabbings,
drownings, rapes, and thefts - did not cease for
about six weeks. It is for the crimes against the
women of Nanking that this tragedy is most
notorious. The Japanese troops raped over 20,000
women, most of whom were murdered thereafter
so they could never bear witness.

Source: The History Place - Genocide in the 20th Century Web site
(www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/nanking.htm)

The Holocaust
Source: Teresa Swiebocka Auschwitz: A History in
Photographs (Indiana University Press, 1993)

In 1933, the Jewish population of Europe stood at over nine
million. Most European Jews lived in countries that the
Third Reich would occupy or influence during World War II.
By 1945, close to two out of every three European Jews
had been killed as part of the "Final Solution", the Nazi
policy to murder the Jews of Europe. Although Jews were
the primary victims of Nazi racism, other victims included
tens of thousands of Roma (Gypsies). At least 200,000
mentally or physically disabled people were murdered in
the Euthanasia Program. As Nazi tyranny spread across
Europe, the Nazis persecuted and murdered millions of
other people. More than three million Soviet prisoners of
war were murdered or died of starvation, disease, neglect,
or maltreatment. The Germans targeted the non-Jewish
Polish intelligentsia for killing, and deported millions of
Polish and Soviet citizens for forced labor in Germany or in
occupied Poland. From the earliest years of the Nazi
regime, homosexuals and others deemed to be behaving in
a socially unacceptable way were persecuted. Thousands
of political dissidents (including Communists, Socialists,
and trade unionists) and religious dissidents (such as
Jehovah's Witnesses) were also targeted. Many of these
individuals died as a result of incarceration and
Mao Tse-tung’s Cultural
Revolution
Source: Ji-Li Jiang's Web site (www.jilijiang.com/red-scarf-girl)

October 1, 1949 marked Mao Tse-tung’s
proclamation of the People’s Republic of China.
The Chinese Communist Party launched
numerous movements to systematically destroy
the traditional Chinese social and political system.
One of Mao’s major goals was the total
collectivization of the peasants. In 1958, he
launched the “Great Leap Forward” campaign.
This act was aimed at accomplishing economic
and technical development of the country at a
faster pace and with greater results. Instead, the
“Great Leap Forward” destroyed the
agricultural system, causing a terrible famine in
which 27 million people starved to death. In all
over 49,000,000 perished between 1958-1969.

Source : R.J. Rummel The Encyclopedia of Genocide “China, Genocide in: The Communist Anthill”
The Killing Fields: The Cambodian
Genocide
Source: The History Wiz Web site (www.historywiz.com/cambodia.htm)
From 1975-1979, Pol Pot led the Khmer Rouge political
party in a reign of violence, fear, and brutality over
Cambodia. An attempt to form a Communist
peasant farming society resulted in the deaths of
25% of the population from starvation, overwork,
and executions. By 1975, the U.S. had withdrawn its
troops from Vietnam, and Cambodia lost its American
military support. Taking advantage of this opportunity,
Pol Pot’s Khmer Rouge seized control of Cambodia.
Inspired by Mao’s Cultural Revolution in Communist
China, Pol Pot attempted to “purify” Cambodia of
western culture, city life, and religion. Different ethnic
groups and all those considered to be of the “old
society”, intellectuals, former government officials,
and Buddhist monks were murdered. “What is rotten
must be removed” was a slogan proclaimed
throughout the Khmer Rouge era.
1,700,000
Genocide in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Source: The Genocide Factor Web site (www.genocidefactor.com/image6.htm)

In the republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina, conflict between the
three main ethnic groups - the Serbs, Croats, and Muslims resulted in genocide committed by the Serbs against
Bosnian Muslims. In the late 1980’s a Serbian named
Slobodan Milosevic came to power. In 1992 acts of “ethnic
cleansing” started in Bosnia, a mostly Muslim country
where the Serb minority made up only 32% of the
population. Milosevic responded to Bosnia’s declaration of
independence by attacking Sarajevo, where Serb snipers
shot down civilians. The Bosnian Muslims were outgunned
and the Serbs continued to gain ground. They
systematically rounded up local Muslims and
committed acts of mass murder, deported men and
boys to concentration camps, and forced repopulation
of entire towns. Serbs also terrorized Muslim families by
using rape as a weapon against women and girls. Over
200,000 Muslim civilians were systematically murdered
and 2,000,000 became refugees at the hands of the
The Rwandan Genocide
Source: Father Ryan High School Web site (www.fatherryan.org/holocaust/rwanda/picture.htm)

Beginning on April 6, 1994, groups of ethnic Hutu, armed
mostly with machetes, began a campaign of terror and
bloodshed which embroiled the Central African country of
Rwanda. For about 100 days, the Hutu militias, known in
Rwanda as Interhamwe, followed what evidence suggests
was a clear and premeditated attempt to exterminate the
country's ethnic Tutsi population. The Rwandan state radio,
controlled by Hutu extremists, further encouraged the
killings by broadcasting non-stop hate propaganda and
even pinpointed the locations of Tutsis in hiding. The
killings only ended after armed Tutsi rebels, invading from
neighboring countries, managed to defeat the Hutus and
halt the genocide in July 1994. By then, over one-tenth of
the population, an estimated 800,000 persons, had
been killed. The country's industrial infrastructure had
been destroyed and much of its population had been
dislocated.
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Source: The History Place - Genocide in the 20th Century Web site
(www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/rwanda.htm)
The Genocide in Darfur
The remains of the village of Jijira Adi Abbe in Darfur, western Sudan,
after the government attack.
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

Violence and destruction are raging in the Darfur
region of western Sudan. Since February 2003,
government-sponsored militias known as the
Janjaweed have conducted a calculated campaign
of slaughter, rape, starvation and displacement in
Darfur.
It is estimated that 400,000 people have died
due to violence, starvation and disease. More
than 2.5 million people have been displaced
from their homes and over 200,000 have fled
across the border to Chad. Many now live in
camps lacking adequate food, shelter, sanitation,
and health care.
The United States Congress and President George
W. Bush recognized the situation in Darfur as
"genocide." Darfur, "near Hell on Earth," has been
declared the worst humanitarian crisis in the world
THE WORST GENOCIDES OF THE 20TH
CENTURY
CHINA
Mao Ze-Dong (1958-69)
USSR
Stalin (1934-39)
13,000,000
GERMANY Hitler (1939-45)
12,000,000
JAPAN
Hideki Tojo (1941-44)
5,000,000
CAMBODIA Pol Pot (1975-79)
N. KOREA Kim Il Sung (1948-94)
1,600,000
ETHIOPIA
Menghistu (1975-78)
49,000,000
1,700,000
RWANDA
EAST TIMOR
IRAN
PAKISTAN
JAPAN
ANGOLA
Kambanda (1994)
800,000
Suharto (1966-98)
800,000
Hussein (1980-90)
600,000
Khan (1971)
500,000
Konoe (1937-39)
500,000
Savimbi (1975-2002) 400,000
Additional genocide by leaders in Uganda, Bangladesh,
Zaire, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Yugoslavia, Burundi,
Sudan, Vietnam, Guatemala, Haiti, Chad, Taiwan,
Cuba, Syria, Zimbabwe, Chili, Argentina, Iraq.