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PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College The Endocrine System Thyroid & Parathyroid 9 PART B Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Thyroid Gland Found at the base of the throat Consists of two lobes and a connecting isthmus Produces two hormones Thyroid hormone Calcitonin Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Thyroid Gland Thyroid hormone Major metabolic hormone Composed of two active iodine-containing hormones Thyroxine (T4) — secreted by thyroid follicles Triiodothyronine (T3) — conversion of T4 at target tissues Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Thyroid Gland Thyroid hormone disorders Goiters Thyroid gland enlarges due to lack of iodine Salt is iodized to prevent goiters Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Thyroid Gland Thyroid hormone disorders Cretinism Caused by hyposecretion of thyroxine Results in dwarfism during childhood Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Thyroid Gland Thyroid hormone disorders (continued) Myxedema Caused by hypothyroidism in adults Results in physical and mental sluggishness Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Thyroid Gland Thyroid hormone disorders (continued) Graves’ disease Caused by hyperthyroidism Results in increased metabolism, heat intolerance, rapid heartbeat, weight loss, and exophthalmos Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Thyroid Gland Calcitonin Decreases blood calcium levels by causing its deposition on bone Antagonistic to parathyroid hormone Produced by parafollicular cells Parafollicular cells are found between the follicles Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Parathyroid Glands Tiny masses on the posterior of the thyroid Secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) Stimulate osteoclasts to remove calcium from bone Stimulate the kidneys and intestine to absorb more calcium Raise calcium levels in the blood Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hormonal Regulation of Calcium in Blood Calcitonin stimulates calcium salt deposit in bone Calcitonin Thyroid gland releases calcitonin Thyroid gland Rising blood Ca2+ levels Falling blood Ca2+ levels Calcium homeostasis of blood 9–11 mg/100 ml Thyroid gland Osteoclasts degrade bone matrix and release Ca2+ into blood Parathyroid glands PTH Parathyroid glands release parathyroid hormone (PTH) Figure 9.10 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hormonal Regulation of Calcium in Blood Rising blood Ca2+ levels Calcium homeostasis of blood 9–11 mg/100 ml Figure 9.10, step 1 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hormonal Regulation of Calcium in Blood Thyroid gland Rising blood Ca2+ levels Calcium homeostasis of blood 9–11 mg/100 ml Figure 9.10, step 2 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hormonal Regulation of Calcium in Blood Calcitonin Thyroid gland releases calcitonin Thyroid gland Rising blood Ca2+ levels Calcium homeostasis of blood 9–11 mg/100 ml Figure 9.10, step 3 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hormonal Regulation of Calcium in Blood Calcitonin Thyroid gland releases calcitonin Calcitonin stimulates calcium salt deposit in bone Thyroid gland Rising blood Ca2+ levels Calcium homeostasis of blood 9–11 mg/100 ml Figure 9.10, step 4 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hormonal Regulation of Calcium in Blood Calcitonin Thyroid gland releases calcitonin Calcitonin stimulates calcium salt deposit in bone Thyroid gland Rising blood Ca2+ levels Calcium homeostasis of blood 9–11 mg/100 ml Figure 9.10, step 5 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hormonal Regulation of Calcium in Blood Calcium homeostasis of blood 9–11 mg/100 ml Falling blood Ca2+ levels Figure 9.10, step 6 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hormonal Regulation of Calcium in Blood Calcium homeostasis of blood 9–11 mg/100 ml Falling blood Ca2+ levels Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Figure 9.10, step 7 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hormonal Regulation of Calcium in Blood Calcium homeostasis of blood 9–11 mg/100 ml Falling blood Ca2+ levels Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands PTH Parathyroid glands release parathyroid hormone (PTH) Figure 9.10, step 8 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hormonal Regulation of Calcium in Blood Calcium homeostasis of blood 9–11 mg/100 ml Falling blood Ca2+ levels Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Osteoclasts degrade bone matrix and release Ca2+ into blood PTH Parathyroid glands release parathyroid hormone (PTH) Figure 9.10, step 9 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hormonal Regulation of Calcium in Blood Calcium homeostasis of blood 9–11 mg/100 ml Thyroid gland Parathyroid glands Osteoclasts degrade bone matrix and release Ca2+ into blood PTH Parathyroid glands release parathyroid hormone (PTH) Figure 9.10, step 10 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Hormonal Regulation of Calcium in Blood Calcitonin stimulates calcium salt deposit in bone Calcitonin Thyroid gland releases calcitonin Thyroid gland Rising blood Ca2+ levels Falling blood Ca2+ levels Calcium homeostasis of blood 9–11 mg/100 ml Thyroid gland Osteoclasts degrade bone matrix and release Ca2+ into blood Parathyroid glands PTH Parathyroid glands release parathyroid hormone (PTH) Figure 9.10, step 11 Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings