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David Dickinson Great Laws of Manu Indian laws compiled between 1280 and 880 BC. Previously they had been passed by word of mouth. Code of Li K’vei Chinese laws written around 350 BC. These laws dealt with theft, robbery, prison and arrest. 1 Code of Hammurabi One of the earliest (known) sets of written laws. It was written by King Hammurabi (1792-1750 BC) of Babylon to guide the lives of his citizens. Compliance because of credit to the gods. Punishments did not commonly separate deliberate from accidental action. Code of Hammurabi Laws based on retribution and restitution Example from code: If anyone steals cattle or sheep, a pig or a goat, the thief shall pay tenfold; if the thief has nothing with which to pay he shall be put to death. 2 Mosaic Law Moses received laws from God from the top of mount Sinai to guide the Hebrew people. The Ten Commandments form the beginning of Mosaic Law The Ten Commandments and other Mosaic laws are found in the first five books of the Old Testament More concern over punishment of deliberate actions. Mosaic Law Examples If a man steals an ox or a sheep, and kills it or sells it, he shall pay five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep Whoever strikes his father or his mother shall be put to death… whoever curses his father or his mother shall be put to death. 3 Greek Law Laws were codified by Draco in 621 BC Refined by Solon in 594 BC Political rights attributed to property owned. First form of democracy (Not as we know it today) Voting and jury duty occurred Largest jury was over 6000 people! Greek Law Sentence decided by both accuser and accused then the jury would vote. Only citizens had democratic and political rights Women, children, aliens, and slaves were not citizens 4 The Trial of Socrates An ancient Greek philosopher credited for laying the foundation for western philosophy . Socrates was accused of corrupting the youth of ancient Greece. (Sedition) He was found guilty by a jury of 501 citizens He was sentenced to drink Poison Hemlock (neurotoxin) Roman Law Two basic principles of Roman Law 1. Law must be recorded 2. Justice not left for just judges to infer meaning. Laws were Codified • Documented and assembled in a methodical manner. 5 Roman Law The Twelve Tablets one of the earliest of Roman codes (450 BC) Considered the foundation for modern law. The practice of having an advisor became common during Roman times. Byzantine Law After 395 CE The Roman Empire split. One half was called the Byzantine Empire. 6 Byzantine Law Emperor Justinian 1st (527-625 AD) had the Roman law (now 1600 books) refined and clarified. This body of law was known as Justinian’s Code Formed the basis of what is now called civil law. • Law dealing with personal dealings. France and Da Napoleonic Code After the French revolution (1789-1799) Napoleon gained control over the government of France. Brought France under a new set of laws called the Napoleonic Code (1804) or the French Civil Code. Laws a compromise of Germanic Law and Justinian’s Code Dealt with Civil Matters 7