Download Anatomy2_Midterm_Study_Guide

Anatomy 2 Midterm Study Guide
Introduction
Definitions
Anatomy
Inspection
Percussion
Physiology
Palpation
Diagnosis
Dissection
Auscultation
Concepts
Levels of Body Organization
Elements in Living Things
Basic Life Processes
Homeostasis
Diffusion / Factors influencing diffusion
Feedback systems / 3 components of a feedback system / feedback loop
Integumentary System
Definitions
Keratinization
Arrectpr pili
apoptosis
Hirsutism
Psoriasis
Androgenic alopecia
Concepts
Functions of the integumentary system
Structure of skin
Two main parts
Epidemris
4 types of cells in the epidermis
5 basic layers in the epidermis
What happens when the epidermis grows?
Dermis
Basic properties
Cell types present (i.e. fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes)
Types of nerve cells present
Subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)
Thick skin / thin skin – locations, properties
Accessory structures of the skin
Skin glands (sebaceous, sudoriferous, ceruminous)
ABCDEs of malignant melanoma detection
Know what different skin colors can represent
Nervous System
Definitions
Action potential
Myelination
Concussion
Propogate
blood-brain barrier
contusion
Synapse
hydrocephalus
laceration
Concepts
Afferent neurons / interneurons / efferent neurons
Central Nervous System
[Brain, Spinal Cord]
Peripheral Nervous System
[Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia, sensory receptors, somatic nervous
system, autonomic nervous system, enteric nervous system]
Subdivisions
Somatic division
Autonomic division
Sympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system
Nervous Tissue
Neurons
Neuroglia (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells)
Parts of a neuron (cell body, dendrites, axons, myelin sheath, node of Ranvier,
synaptic end bulb)
Continuous conduction vs. salutatory conduction
Major Parts of Brain (Brain stem, cerebellum, diencephalon, cerebrum)
Meninges / cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Endocrine System
Definitions
Endocrinology
Hormone receptors
Concepts
Mediator molecules used in nervous vs. endocrine system
Site of mediator action / Types of target cells
Time to onset of action/ duration of action
Functions of hormones
“Supersystem”
Exocrine vs. endocrine glands
Up regulation vs. down regulation
Circulating vs. local hormones (paracrines, autocrines)
Blood
Definitions
Blood
Erythropoeitin
Hemopoiesis
Chemotaxis
Interstitial Fluid
Anemia
phagocytosis
Hematocrit
Polycythemia
emigration
Concepts
Functions of blood
Components of Blood
Red Blood cell anatomy
Types of white blood cells
Heart / Blood Vessels
Definitions
Stenosis
Systole
Tachycardia
Cardiomegaly
Anastomoses
Insufficiency
Diastole
Bradycardia
Vasoconstriction
collateral circulation
Ectopic pacemaker
Auscultation
Arrythmia
vasodilation
syncope
Concepts
Location of heart
Pericardium
Fibrous
Serous (parietal, visceral, pericardial fluid, pericardial cavity)
Layers of the heart wall
Chambers of the heart
Valves of the heart
Coronary Circulation
Conduction system (SA node  AV node  right and left bundle branches 
purkinje fibers)
Know the path of a red blood cell through the chambers of the heart and blood
vessels.
Main types of blood vessels (arteries, arterioles, metarteriole, capillaries, venules,
veins)
Vaso vasorum
Tunics of the arteries
Elastic arteries vs. muscular arteries