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Academic World History - Fall Final Review - Information Packet – 2016-17
Course Intro – Terms: Geography
Terms - continent / peninsula / strait / isthmus / arable / navigable / nomads / latitude / longitude / climate
Early Man
Terms - archaeologist / anthropologist / fossils / artifacts / prehistory / history / civilization / culture
chronology / timeline / BC(BCE) /AD(CE)
Creationism / Evolution
Stages of Man - Africa - hunters and gathers - nomadic
-Australopithecus - Make and use crude tools
-Homo Erectus - Built Shelters, developed fire, possible spoken language
-Homo Sapiens (Neanderthal & Cro-Magnon) - Domestication of Animals, Farming
Neolithic Revolution - The development of Farming 8,000-10,000 BC
Development of Civilization - 3,500 BC - Cradles of Civilization or Cradlelands
Developed in River Valleys - Soil and Water Supply
-Mesopotamia - “Land between the Rivers” - Tigris and Euphrates Rivers (Iraq)
-Egypt - “The Gift of the Nile” - Nile River
-Ancient India - Present day Pakistan & India -Indus River
-China - Huang Ho River or the Yellow River
Early Civilizations - Ancient History (3500B.C. – 180 A.D.) - Mesopotamians/Sumerians to the Pax Romana
-Sumerians - Mesopotamia - 3,500BC
-Writing (ended prehistoric times) - Cuneiform / Wheel / Plow / Irrigation / Polytheism
- Code of Law (Hammurabi/Babylonian)
- Hanging Gardens of Babylon (Nebuchadnezzar/Chaldean)
-Egyptians - Nile River - 3,100BC
Writing - Hieroglyphics / Pyramids / Sphinx / Mummification / Paper-Papyrus / Bronze
Ruler - Pharaoh / Dynasty-Family of rulers / Giza - where pyramids built
Narmer (Menes) - 1st pharaoh / Unites Upper & Lower Egypt
King Tut (Tutankhamen) - boy king / Cheops (Khufu) - built Great pyramid
-Phoenicians - Great navigators - Purple dye – Alphabet – Carthage (colony)
-Hebrews – Monotheism - Belief in one God - Judaism (Oldest monotheistic) Old Testament
rabbi / synagogue / Moses – led Hebrews out Slavery in Egypt, Ten Commandments
-Hittites – Asia Minor / Iron
-Persians – Iran / System of Roads / Darius
Ancient India and China
- India - Indus River – 3,000 BC
- Subcontinent, divided from Asia by Himalayas and Hindu Kush Mountains / Monsoon –
seasonal winds bring rain
- Indus Valley Civilization - Mohenjo-Daro & Harappa – little known of people, lack of
understanding of their language / Dravidians – descendents of the Indus Valley people
- Aryans – Indo-Europeans migrated to India / / Sanskrit / Hinduism / Vedas / Caste System /
Karma / reincarnation / polytheistic / Mohandas Gandhi
- Buddhism – Siddartha Gautama – the Buddha or “Enlightened One” – spread to China – Four
Noble Truths / Noble Eightfold Path / nirvana
Ancient India and China continued:
- China – Huang He - 2,000 BC
- Geography is varied, Mountains, Plateaus, Plains and Deserts / Huang He (“China’s Sorrow” –
destructive floods)
- Dynasties – Shang, Zhou, Qin, & Han / Mandate of Heaven – gave rulers right to govern /
- Confucianism/Confucius – Philosophy, taught personal morality good will toward others /
- Daoism/Laozi- stressed, yin & yang – balance between forces /
- Qin Shihuangdi – Qin Emperor united China – Strong central Government – Legalism / Civil
Service Exams / Pax Sinica
Classical Civilizations – Greece and Rome
-The Greeks - Greek Peninsula - Peloponnesus
Trojan War - Greeks vs the Trojans - Helen / Homer - Iliad & the Odyssey
Polis - Greek city-state / Acropolis – Fortified Hill
Athens - Cultural Center - Acropolis / plays & theater / art, architecture
Democracy – rule by the people / Olympic Games / Parthenon
Philosophy – Socrates – chose hemlock over exile
Aristotle – Logic – Tutor of Alexander the Great
Plato – The Republic
Sparta - Military
Persian Wars - Greeks vs Persians
Peloponnesian War - Athens vs Sparta - Pericles leader of Athens, Golden Age
Alexander the Great - Macedonia - Defeats Darius (Persian) Spreads Greek Culture throughout
his empire (Persia, Egypt, & Indus Valley) (Hellenistic Age) - ruled known world.
-The Romans
Etruscans - Early rulers of the Italian Peninsula (ruled by Kings/Monarchy)
Latin - language of Romans
Romulus and Remus - Romulus legendary founder
Republic - 509 B.C. - Form of democracy – people elect leaders to make laws
Punic Wars – 3 – Rome vs Carthage (264-146B.C.) Hannibal – Carthagian General 2nd War
(Rome was victorious in all three)
Aqueduct - channel for carrying water
Concrete - Colosseum - Circus Maximus (hippodrome/race track) - Calendar
Julius Caesar - dictator -assassinated in 44B.C. - March 15th (Ides of March)
Roman Empire - 27 B.C. - 476 A.D.
Octavian/Augustus - 1st Emperor - Pax Romana (Roman Peace)