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Chapter 17
The Road to War
1. What foreign policy did the US follow after World War I?
• Isolationism- a withdrawal from foreign affairs during the
20’s and 30’s
• The U.S. Government did not want to get involved in
another World War.
• Did NOT join the League of Nations, Permanent Court of
International Justice, or World Court
2. What were the major postwar peace initiatives?
• Disarmament- reduce the size of a
country’s military
• Washington Conference: organized by
Charles Evans Hughes
• He proposed the 5 Power Naval Treaty
• Ordered countries to retire some of their
warships to equal out naval strength.
3. How did war debts and reparations affect European nations
after World War I?
• The Allies owed the U.S. over $10 billion.
• Britain, France, and Italy wanted their
debts canceled
• Germany owed $32 billion
• Dawes Plan: gave Germany more time to
pay reparations, also provided more loans
4. What role did the U.S. play in Nicaraguan politics?
• 1926, Marines were sent to protect
American interests
• Henry Stimson negotiated a peace treaty
to end Nicaragua’s civil war
• 1933, Hoover withdrew all troops because
of the high costs
5. How did U.S. relations with Latin America change in the
1930s?
• Coolidge, Hoover, and Roosevelt all tried
to improve Latin America relations
• FDR and the “Good Neighbor Policy”
• The U.S. invested in banana, coffee, and
sugar plantations. “United Food Company”
• Mexico nationalized their oil fields, this
strained relations with the U.S. and Britain
6. How did the Great Depression affect Latin American
countries?
• Crop prices went down (bananas, coffee)
• It created a huge gap between rich and poor
• Caudillos- military leaders who used force to
maintain order
The Rise of Militarism
Chapter 17 – Section 3
Page 512
What you need to know…
1) How did Mussolini create a fascist state in Italy?
2) Explain Stalin’s power in the Soviet Union.
3) Explain Hitler’s rise to power in Germany.
4) Causes of the Spanish Civil War.
5) Actions of Japan’s military during the 1930’s.
The publishers of a new
children’s encyclopaedia
have asked young people
to define what the term
‘democracy’ means today.
With your partner discuss
a short definition of this
word.
Write your answer on Page 3 in packet.
Only one political party
is allowed to exist - the
Dictator is the leader of this
party, and the party helps
him to run the country
One person - the
‘Dictator’ holds all of the
power in the country
So no elections are held
because the Dictator does
not allow people to
choose who they want to
run their country
What is a
Dictatorship
Dictators rely upon a
large, strong and loyal
army to help them to
maintain their power
????
Education and the media
(newspapers, radio, film
etc) are strictly controlled
by the Government
Anyone who is considered to
be an enemy of the Dictator
and his political party would
be persecuted
What is the difference between a democracy and a
dictatorship?
#1 - Benito Mussolini - ITALY
Fascist Party – 1921
•Military dominated government
•Blackshirts
•Italian king appointed Mussolini prime minister and
granted him dictatorial powers!!
#1 – Why did Italy become a fascist state?
• High unemployment
• Fascists beat Communists
• Widespread opposition to Socialists and
Communists
Play
Video
2:26 minutes
#2 – Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union
• After Lenin’s death in 1924 –
Stalin emerged as the nation’s leader.
• Created a TOTALITARIAN STATE
• Government controls COMPLETELY
• Sent 15 Million to later camps by 1933
• Stalin felt he could loose control, so he purged all
perceived enemies from Communist Party and
the Red Army.
• Approx. 30 Million died as a result of policies.
#3 – Adolf Hitler –
GERMANY
Play
Video
(9:09 Min)
•Mein Kampf
(My Struggle) won supporters
•Electoral success by Nazi Party led to Hitler
becoming chancelor in 1933.
•Third Reich (Third Empire)
-
- Nazi government
#4 Francisco Franco - SPAIN
• Causes of Civil War
• A constitution was created that limited military
power and reformed universal suffrage,
nationalized public utilities and gave land to peasants.
• Military men were threatened by this and Franco led
them.
• Franco fascists tried to overthrow the government.
Germans and Italians helped Franco take over
• Soviet Union allied with loyalists
• Popular Front – Americans and others
against fascism
#5 – Japan’s Military
Hideki Tojo
Japanese
Prime Minister
1920’s – Military grew and did not want to rely on
foreign imports, wanted to reduce western influence
and expand in Eastern Asia
and the Pacific.
1931 – Invaded Manchuria
1934/1935 –
Began a naval build-up
1937 – Went to war with China
and occupied northern China.
NAME THAT
FAVORITE
DICTATOR...
Write down:
a) The name of the
Dictator.
b) The name of the
country that the Dictator
is from.
- For the following slides
(after Charlie Chaplin!).
1
Mao
2
Stalin
3
Hitler
4
Hussein
5
Castro
6
Lenin
7
Mussolini
Chapter 17 – Section 4
Page 518
What you need to know…
1. Response to Fascism
2. Early events of WWII
3. Why tensions between U.S. and
Germany increased
4. Reasons Japan bombed Pearl Harbor
It was the Allies vs. the Axis Powers…
Allies
(major powers)
(major powers)
Great Britain
Germany
Russia
Italy
United States
Japan
France
(note: France surrendered to Germany
in 1940 (after 6 weeks of fighting)
29
Axis
Choose one of the following pictures and write
a caption for it on Page 4 in your packet.
European nations
speed up
rearmament
U.S. Congress
passes neutrality
laws.
#1
The Response
To Fascism
Soviets and U.S.
mend fences
European leaders
adopt a policy of
appeasement
Appeasement – giving in to
demands in order to avoid conflict
#2 – Events of WWII
–Pg. 5 Pkt.
•1939-1945
Germany
created Vichy
govm’t in
France
Roosevelt
aided Britain
with war
materials
•US involvement 1941-1945
1939
Aug. 23 –
Nonaggression Pact
signed
1941
1940
Sept.1 Germany
invades Poland
(official start to
the war)
Sept. 3 Britain &
France declare
war on
Germany
May –
August –
Germany
carried on
Blitzkrieg
against France
& other
European
nations
Hitler bombed
Britain
Dec. 7 –
Japan bombs
Pearl Harbor;
US enters the
War
Stalin
Hitler
Non-Aggression Pact – Surprising!!!
Hitler and Stalin were seen as natural enemies.
When Hitler talked of taking over new land for Germany,
many thought that he meant Russia.
Hitler also hated Communism (Russia’s government)
#3 - U.S. vs. Germany
• Increase in U.S. aid
to the Allies
• German submarine
attacks
• Roosevelt’s “shoot-onsight” order
So What Was Hitler Asking For?
•Return of German
Speaking Lands “Lebensraum”
•Austria - Peacefully Annexed
in 1938
German Troops Parade in Streets of Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939
35
So What Was Hitler Asking For?
•Sudentenland - (now part of
Czech Republic)
•Munich Conference - Great
Britain & France give to Hitler
in return for peace
•Hitler then invades the rest of
Czechoslovakia
German Troops Parade in Streets of
Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939
36
So What Was Hitler Asking For?
•Nonaggression Pact Russia
stays out of the war in return
for 1/2 of Poland
•Great Britain & France finally
declare war on Germany
Hitler's triumphal entry into Danzig, Poland 1939
37
How Did Hitler Make War?
•Blitzkrieg “Lightning War”
1939
Hitler invades:
•Denmark
•Norway
• The Netherlands,
•France
38
Hitler in Paris
US Assistance
•Roosevelt provided aid to the Allies:
Lend-Lease - 1941
•US “lent” war materials
to cash-strapped Great
Britain
Atlantic Charter
•US secretly meets with
England to commit to
defeating Germany
39
London Firefighter Tackles an Air Raid Blaze
Meanwhile … in the Pacific …
#4 – Reason Japan bombed U.S.
• Japan continuing expansion in China
• Japanese assets in U.S. frozen & an embargo on Japan
What?
•Surprise attack by the Japanese on
American forces in Pearl Harbor,
Hawaii
USS Arizona Sinking in Pearl Harbor
Effect?
•US declares war on Japan & other Axis
powers
Pearl Harbor: “a date which will live in infamy”
Chapter 17 – Section 4
Page 518
What you need to know…
1.
Response to Fascism
2.
Early events of WWII
3.
Why tensions between U.S. and
Germany increased
4.
Reasons Japan bombed Pearl Harbor
It was the Allies vs. the Axis Powers…
Allies
(major powers)
(major powers)
Great Britain
Germany
Russia
Italy
United States
Japan
France
(note: France surrendered to Germany
in 1940 (after 6 weeks of fighting)
43
Axis
Choose one of the following pictures and write a
caption for it on Page 4 in your packet.
European nations
speed up
rearmament
U.S. Congress
passes neutrality
laws.
#1
The Response
To Fascism
Soviets and U.S.
mend fences
European leaders
adopt a policy of
appeasement
Appeasement – giving in to
demands in order to avoid conflict
#2 – Events of WWII
–Pg. 5 Pkt.
•1939-1945
Germany
created Vichy
govm’t in
France
Roosevelt
aided Britain
with war
materials
•US involvement 1941-1945
1939
Aug. 23 –
Nonaggression Pact
signed
1941
1940
Sept.1 Germany
invades Poland
(official start to
the war)
Sept. 3 Britain &
France declare
war on
Germany
May –
August –
Germany
carried on
Blitzkrieg
against France
& other
European
nations
Hitler bombed
Britain
Dec. 7 –
Japan bombs
Pearl Harbor;
US enters the
War
Stalin
Hitler
Non-Aggression Pact – Surprising!!!
Hitler and Stalin were seen as natural enemies.
When Hitler talked of taking over new land for Germany,
many thought that he meant Russia.
Hitler also hated Communism (Russia’s government)
#3 - U.S. vs.
Germany
Increase in U.S.
aid
to the Allies
 German
submarine
attacks
 Roosevelt’s
“shoot-on-sight”
order

So What Was Hitler Asking For?
Return
of German
Speaking Lands “Lebensraum”
•Austria - Peacefully Annexed
in 1938
German Troops Parade in Streets of Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939
49
So What Was Hitler Asking For?
•Sudentenland - (now part of
Czech Republic)
•Munich Conference - Great
Britain & France give to Hitler
in return for peace
•Hitler then invades the rest of
Czechoslovakia
German Troops Parade in Streets of
Czechoslovakian Town, ca. 1939
50
So What Was Hitler Asking For?
•Nonaggression Pact Russia
stays out of the war in return
for 1/2 of Poland
•Great Britain & France finally
declare war on Germany
Hitler's triumphal entry into Danzig, Poland 1939
51
How Did Hitler Make War?
Blitzkrieg
“Lightning War”
1939
Hitler invades:
•Denmark
•Norway
• The Netherlands,
•France
52
Hitler in Paris
US Assistance
Roosevelt
provided aid to the Allies:
Lend-Lease - 1941
•US “lent” war materials
to cash-strapped Great
Britain
Atlantic Charter
•US secretly meets with
England to commit to
defeating Germany
53
London Firefighter Tackles an Air Raid Blaze
Meanwhile … in the Pacific …
#4 – Reason Japan bombed U.S.


Japan continuing expansion in China
Japanese assets in U.S. frozen & an embargo on Japan
What?
•Surprise attack by the Japanese on
American forces in Pearl Harbor,
Hawaii
USS Arizona Sinking in Pearl Harbor
Effect?
•US declares war on Japan & other Axis
powers
Pearl Harbor: “a date which will live in infamy”