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Higher Chemistry checklist Unit 1 Chemical Changes and Structure 1) Controlling the rate 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Collision theory Calculations involving rate Potential energy diagrams Enthalpy changes Activation energy and activated complex Catalysts Controlling reaction rate Energy distribution diagrams 2) Periodicity 1. Trends in covalent radius 2. Trends in ionisation energy 3. Trends in electronegativity 3) Structure and bonding 1. 2. 3. 4. Covalent bonding Polar covalent bonding The bonding continuum Intermolecular forces Unit 2 Nature’s chemistry 1) Esters, fats and oils 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Naming esters Structural formulae of esters Characteristics and uses of esters Condensation reactions Hydrolysis reactions Fats and oils 1. 2. 3. 4. The formation of proteins Peptide link Essential amino acids Enzymes 2) Proteins 3) Chemistry of cooking 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4) Oxidation of food 1. Shapes of protein molecules Denaturing of proteins Aldehydes and ketones- naming and structural formulae Tests for aldehydes and ketones Functional groups effect on physical properties Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Structural formulae and isomeric alcohols Hydrogen bonding and properties of alcohols Oxidation of alcohols Carboxylic acids Antioxidants 5) Soaps, detergents and emulsions 1. Production of soap 2. Structure of soap ions 3. How detergents work 4. Emulsion and emulsifiers 6) Fragrances 1. Essential oils 2. Terpenes 7) Skin care 1. Effects of UV 2. Free radical formation and chain reaction 3. Free radical scavengers Unit 3 Chemistry in Society 1) Getting the most from reactants 1. Industrial processes 2. Environmental factors influencing industrial design 3. Mole ratio balanced equations 4. Molar volume 5. Determination of quantities using balanced equations 6. Percentage yield and atom economy 2) Equilibria 1. Reversible reactions 2. Dynamic equilibrium 3. Changes in concentration, pressure and temperature on position of equilibrium 4. Using a catalyst in an equilibrium reaction 3) Chemical energies 1. 2. 3. 4. Enthalpy Enthalpy of combustion Hess’s law Chemical enthalpy-mean molar bond enthalpy 4) Oxidising and reducing agents 1. Oxidising and reducing agents 2. Using electrochemical series 3. Ion-electron/redox equations 5) Chemical analysis 1. Chromatography 2. Volumetric analysis 3. Redox titrations